scholarly journals The Khoekhoegowab Personality Inventory: The Comparative Validity of a Locally Derived Measure of Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Gayle Thalmayer ◽  
Gerard Saucier ◽  
Elizabeth N. Shino ◽  
Sylvanus Job
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Six Traits ◽  
Lexical Study ◽  
Big Six

Objective: This study explores a personality inventory derived from the results of an indigenous lexical study of personality. From the 272 most commonly used personality descriptors in Khoekhoegowab, the most-spoken of extant Khoesan click languages of southern Africa, an 11-factor model of personality-trait structure was identified. Here, the Khoekhoegowab Personality Inventory (KPI) was created based on those results. Its psychometric properties, the convergent and divergent validity of its scales, and its incremental validity over Big Five and Six traits for predicting physical and mental health, religious practice and attitudes, and income are reported.Methods: Two to five key terms were selected for each of 10 KPI scales: Temperance, Prosocial Diligence, Gossip, Honesty/Morality, Temper, Implacability, Humility, Vanity, Resiliency vs. Agitation, and Courage vs. Fear. These 38 total items were administered to a large sample of adult speakers of Khoekhoegowab in Namibia (N = 632), together with five imported inventories translated into Khoekhoegowab: the 30-item Questionnaire Big Six (QB6), General Self-Reported Health, the Cascades Mental Health Assessment, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Duke Religion Index. The properties and intercorrelations of KPI subscales are explored, and their predictive ability for the other variables is compared to that of the QB6.Results: Due to the small number of items on each scale, poor internal consistency was anticipated, but the KPI scales' properties were somewhat better than those of the QB6. R-square change by the inventories as a whole, after accounting for age and gender, indicted that the KPI scales explained more variance than the QB6 scales in almost all criterion variables. Replication of established associations for Big Six traits was mixed: associations were largely as expected for Resiliency, Conscientiousness, and Honesty, but less so for Agreeableness and Extraversion.Conclusions: The KPI had some advantages over the QB6 in predicting physical and mental health. In particular, the four items of Resiliency vs. Agitation predicted lower scores on all physical and mental problem scales. Given psychological-care needs in Namibia, this might be used as a non-intrusive screener. Measurement challenges common to both surveys are discussed, possible solutions, and the utility of higher-order structures are discussed.

The relationship between attitudes to aging and physical and mental health in older adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1674-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Bryant ◽  
Bei Bei ◽  
Kim Gilson ◽  
Angela Komiti ◽  
Henry Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Positive Attitudes

ABSTRACTBackground: Attitudes are known to exert a powerful influence on a range of behaviors. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of attitudes toward one's own aging to satisfaction with life and physical and mental health measured in a sample of community-dwelling older adults.Methods: Adults who were part of a larger study of health and well-being in rural and regional Australia aged ≥60 years (N = 421) completed a cross-sectional postal survey comprising the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire, the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.Results: Overall, attitudes to aging were positive in this sample. More positive attitudes to aging were associated with higher levels of satisfaction with life, better self-report physical and mental health on the SF-12, and lower levels of anxiety and depression, after controlling for confounding variables. Better financial status and being employed were both associated with more positive attitudes to aging and better self-reported physical health. Relationship status was also significantly associated with mental health and satisfaction with life, but not physical health.Conclusion: The promotion of successful aging is increasingly becoming important in aging societies. Having positive attitudes to aging may contribute to healthier mental and physical outcomes in older adults. Overcoming negative stereotypes of aging through change at the societal and individual level may help to promote more successful aging.

scholarly journals Residents’ Physical Activities in Home Isolation and Its Relationship with Health Values and Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Survey during the COVID-19 Social Quarantine

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Yifan Zuo ◽  
Mu Zhang ◽  
Jiayu Han ◽  
Kevin W. Chen ◽  
Zhanbing Ren
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health Values

The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between residents’ physical activity, health values, and well-being during isolation. On the basis of the physical activity rating scale, health values scale, subjective well-being scale, and the satisfaction with life scale, we collected 505 valid questionnaires online from 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China. A series of multiple linear regression models were established to study the relationship between variables, and the bootstrap confidence interval was selected to test the mediating effect. The results showed that during the period of isolation, physical activity directly (b = 0.463, p < 0.001) or indirectly (b = 0.358, p < 0.001) had a positive impact on residents’ well-being through the mediating effect of health values. There was a positive correlation between physical activity and health values (b = 0.710, p < 0.001), while health values had a direct positive association on well-being (b = 0.504, p < 0.001). In addition, a moderate amount of physical activity was found to be more associated with the well-being of residents during home isolation compared to small and large amounts of physical activity. This study shows the importance of residents’ physical activities in home isolation. Moderate exercise at home and regular physical activity are beneficial to our physical and mental health, especially in terms of improving overall well-being.

scholarly journals Afectividad positiva y negativa en el futuro docente: relaciones con su rendimiento académico, salud mental y satisfacción con la vida

2017 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Pinedo González ◽  
María José Arroyo González ◽  
César Caballero San José
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Salud Mental

El afecto está formado por dos dimensiones dominantes: el afecto positivo (AP) y el afecto negativo (AN). Ambas dimensiones están relacionadas con el ajuste psicológico de la persona y la satisfacción con la vida. El presente estudio tiene un carácter exploratorio y pretende hacer un primer análisis correlacional entre distintos constructos: disposición emocional, rendimiento académico, salud mental y satisfacción con la vida en futuros docentes. La muestra estaba compuesta por 143 estudiantes de diferentes Grados de Educación, de las especialidades de Primaria e Infantil. Para ellos se han usado las adaptaciones al castellano de los siguientes instrumentos de evaluación: el Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), el Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) y la Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Entre los resultados de mayor interés se encontró que el afecto positivo se relacionó con el rendimiento académico, la salud mental y la satisfacción con la vida. Además los afectos positivos y negativos junto con la satisfacción con la vida se constituyeron como las variables predictoras de la salud mental del futuro profesorado. Un análisis y discusión más extensa de los resultados se incluye en el documento.

scholarly journals Life satisfaction in adolescents: relationship with parental style, peer attachment and emotional intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (53) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Alba Guijarro Gallego ◽  
Antonia Martínez Pérez ◽  
Visitación Fernández Fernández ◽  
Mavi Alcántara-López ◽  
Maravillas Castro Sáez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Peer Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Introduction. Theory and research support the idea that subjective well-being (positive / negative affect and life satisfaction) is a substantial construct in understanding psychological well-being and mental health. The relevance of life satisfaction in variables affecting psychological well-being has been studied. Life satisfaction in adolescents and its association with sex, age, parental educational styles, peer attachment and emotional intelligence was researched. Groups were compared according to degree of life satisfaction and its relationship with these variables. Method. The sample was composed of 285 secondary school students (49.8% male), average age 15.09 years (12 to 19), and self-report measures of variables were applied to be analyzed: Satisfaction with Life Scale-Child (SWLS-C), Parental Educational Style of Adolescents, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) y Trait Meta-Mood-Scale-48 (TMMS-48). Results. Results showed a significant high level of satisfaction among adolescents. A significant higher score among boys compared to girls was confirmed, as in the younger compared to older. Correlations were statistically significant between life satisfaction and all dimensions from Parental Educational Style analyzed, except Behavioral Control; with Alienation and Confidence of Peer Attachment; and with Emotional Intelligence Clarity and Repair, as well as statistically significant differences among satisfaction groups in 12 of the 19 variables analyzed. Discussion and Conclusion. Promoting life satisfaction in adolescents is increasingly relevant, due to the role it may play in achieving good psychological adjustment, thus contributing to the promotion and prevention of mental health.

scholarly journals The protective role of life satisfaction, coping strategies and defense mechanisms on perceived stress due to COVID-19 emergency: A chained mediation model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242402
Author(s):  
Alessio Gori ◽  
Eleonora Topino ◽  
Annamaria Di Fabio
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Mediation Model

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a worldwide emergency, which may have harmful consequences on people’s mental health. Parallel to research focused on risk factors, it could be useful to investigate the factors that help to cope with such crises at an emotional level. Therefore, this study aimed to strengthen the role of variables that protect from subjective distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, explore the pathways between satisfaction with life and perceived stress, and consider the role of coping strategies and defense mechanisms in this relationship. A sample of 1102 Italian participants who were experiencing the COVID-19 lockdown measures (Mage = 34.91, SD = 11.91) completed an online survey in which the Ten Item Perceived Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory and Forty-Item Defense Style Questionnaire were included. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s r correlations and moderation analysis. A chained-mediation model showed that the relationship between life satisfaction and perceived stress is partially mediated by approach coping, positive attitude and mature defenses. This study contributes toward gaining a better understanding of a protective pathway for mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings could be useful from both a preventive and an intervention perspective.

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Satisfaction with Life: Moderating Role of Interpersonal Needs among University Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choe Chai Tan ◽  
Kuan Siew Khor ◽  
Pei Boon Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interpersonal Needs ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Depression, anxiety, and stress are ranked among the top mental health concerns faced by university students. The transition to higher education coincides with a new social environment and adaptation that has potential to increase mental health conditions. However, limited studies in Malaysia have examined the relationship among depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life with interpersonal needs. Thus, this study was performed to assess the relationship among depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life, with interpersonal needs (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) as moderators. Method A cross-sectional study using convenient sampling method was conducted among 430 students (Mean aged= 20.73 years; SD = 1.26 years) in two private universities in Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire comprising the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire were used. Results Students who experienced depression and anxiety reported higher satisfaction with life under the influenced of low perceived burdensomeness. Perceived burdensomeness, when coupled with depression (β = 0.76, p < 0.01) and anxiety (β = 0.79, p < 0.01), contributed 15.8% of variance in satisfaction with life. Students who experienced stress reported higher satisfaction with life under the influence of high thwarted belonginess (β = 0.73, p < 0.01), contributing 17.0% of variance in satisfaction with life. Conclusions For university students who experienced depression and anxiety symptoms, mental health practitioners, researchers, and teaching staff may need to be aware and educate the students on how to reduce and manage their perceptions on perceived burdensomeness. For university students who experienced stress symptoms, the focus shall not be solely on managing perception towards thwarted belonginess as it is not necessarily perceive as a negative ‘interpersonal need’ in this study. Future studies are required to substantiate this result.

scholarly journals Who Is Happier in China? Exploring Determinant Factors Using Religion as a Moderator

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4308
Author(s):  
Yingying Sun ◽  
Yue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health Politics

The relationship between religion and happiness has been seriously understudied in non-Western and non-Islamic societies. Taking religious identity and religious practice as strata, the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data were used to examine the predicting power of health, politics, and social relationships with regard to happiness in four different groups, as follows: People with a religious identity and practice, people with no religious identity but with a practice, people with a religious identity but no practice, and people with neither a religious identity nor practice. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using the Ordinary Least Squares method. The results demonstrate the influence of the independent variables in the four groups, thus confirming the expectation that different religious practices, as well as identities, play a vital role in moderating the degree of happiness. Physical and mental health are significant predictors of happiness regardless of different religious situations, with the effect of mental health here found to be greater in magnitude on happiness than that of physical health. Political participation was not found to be related to happiness, but having a left-wing political attitude did emerge as strongly predicting happiness. The results concerning social relationships further consolidate the hypothesis that religious practice should be taken into consideration separately from religious identity. This study indicates the importance of further investigating religious practice as an independent factor in religious studies in the context of Chinese society.

Incremental validity of the comprehensive inventory of thriving in predicting self-reporting mental and physical health among community populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1366-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Duan ◽  
Yujia Fei ◽  
Jinli Zhao ◽  
Xiaolong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Doctor Visits ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Efficient Screening

This study examined psychometric properties and 1-year predictive validity of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving in China. In total, 556 participants in Chinese communities completed the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving for confirmatory factor analysis. The other 533 individuals further completed the Flourishing Scale and Satisfaction With Life Scale and reported their physical and mental health 1 year later. The 18-factor correlated model showed a better goodness-of-fit than the seven-factor second-order related model. Thriving had higher correlation coefficients with depression, anxiety, stress, and doctor visits. The Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving is an efficient screening tool to differentiate the risk group from other groups and can predict health outcomes among community populations for active interventions.

An investigation Into Risks to Mental Health of Bangladeshi Journalists

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-193
Author(s):  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
Sarkar Barbaq Quarmal ◽  
Apon Das
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Psychometric Instruments ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Life Scale

Mental health in workplaces is a global concern today, and Bangladesh is not an exception to that. It is a big concern in journalism as good journalism depends on healthy journalists and news organizations. Most of the scholarships on the topic have been done from the perspective of western and developed countries. Little is known about it from the context of developing countries like Bangladesh. As such, the present study aimed at assessing mental health and well-being of professional journalists in Bangladesh. Data were collected through a survey using a semi-structured questionnaire from 191 Dhaka-based journalists reached with the aid of snowball sampling method. Psychometric instruments such as improvised depression scale, the perceived stress scale, Beck hopelessness scale (BHS), and satisfaction with life scale were used to collect data. The results show that most of the journalists perceive their job as highly stressful, suffer from depression up to some extent, are extremely dissatisfied with their life, and severely hopeless about their life and future.

scholarly journals Impact on Mental Health Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal and Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lígia Passos ◽  
Filipe Prazeres ◽  
Andreia Teixeira ◽  
Carlos Martins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional

Mental health effects secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic were till recently considered less important or were neglected. Portugal and Brazil are facing the pandemic in quite different ways. This study aimed to describe the mental health status of the general adult population in Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze the differences between the two countries. A cross-sectional quantitative study was based on an online questionnaire. Socio-demographic data were collected in addition to four validated scales: CAGE (acronym cut-annoyed-guilty-eye) Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-2. For each outcome, a multiple linear regression was performed. Five hundred and fifty people answered the questionnaire (435 women). The median age was 38 (Q1, Q3: 30, 47) years, 52.5% resided in Brazil and 47.5% in Portugal. The prevalence of anxiety was 71.3% (mild anxiety was present in 43.1%), the prevalence of depression was 24.7% and 23.8% of the sample had both depression and anxiety. Isolation was a significant factor for depression but not for anxiety. Well-being was below average. Mental illness was considerably higher than pre-COVID-19 levels. Portugal and Brazil will have to be prepared for future consequences of poor mental health and contribute immediate psychological support to their adult populations.

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