scholarly journals Defining Spirituality in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Aline de Brito Sena ◽  
Rodolfo Furlan Damiano ◽  
Giancarlo Lucchetti ◽  
Mario Fernando Prieto Peres
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Individual Aspect

Objective: To investigate the definitions of spirituality in the healthcare field, identifying its main dimensions and proposing a framework that operationalizes the understanding of this concept.Methods: This is a systematic review following the PRISMA guideline (PROSPERO: CRD42021262091), searching for spirituality definitions published in scientific journals. Searches were carried out in PubMed (all articles listed up to October 2020) and in the reference lists of the articles found in the database, followed by selection under specific eligibility criteria.Results: From a total of 493 articles, 166 were included in the final analysis, showing that there is a large body of scientific literature proposing and analyzing spirituality definitions. In these articles, 24 spirituality dimensions were found, most commonly related to the connectedness and meaning of life. Spirituality was presented as a human and individual aspect. These findings led us to construct a framework that represents spirituality as a quantifiable construct.Conclusions: Understanding spirituality is an important aspect for healthcare research and clinical practice. This proposed framework may help to better understand the complexity of this topic, where advances are desirable, given the relevance it has acquired for integral health care.

scholarly journals Impact of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use: an updated systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e031598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Meernik ◽  
Hannah M Baker ◽  
Sarah D Kowitt ◽  
Leah M Ranney ◽  
Adam O Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Product Appeal ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesGiven the exponential increase in the use of e-cigarettes among younger age groups and in the growth in research on e-cigarette flavours, we conducted a systematic review examining the impact of non-menthol flavoured e-cigarettes on e-cigarette perceptions and use among youth and adults.DesignPubMed, Embase, PyscINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies published and indexed through March 2018.Eligibility criteriaQuantitative observational and experimental studies that assessed the effect of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use behaviours were included. Specific outcome measures assessed are appeal, reasons for use, risk perceptions, susceptibility, intention to try, initiation, preference, current use, quit intentions and cessation.Data extraction and synthesisThree authors independently extracted data related to the impact of flavours in tobacco products. Data from a previous review were then combined with those from the updated review for final analysis. Results were then grouped and analysed by outcome measure.ResultsThe review included 51 articles for synthesis, including 17 published up to 2016 and an additional 34 published between 2016 and 2018. Results indicate that non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes decrease harm perceptions (five studies) and increase willingness to try and initiation of e-cigarettes (six studies). Among adults, e-cigarette flavours increase product appeal (seven studies) and are a primary reason many adults use the product (five studies). The role of flavoured e-cigarettes on smoking cessation remains unclear (six studies).ConclusionThis review provides summary data on the role of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarette perceptions and use. Consistent evidence shows that flavours attract both youth and adults to use e-cigarettes. Given the clear findings that such flavours increase product appeal, willingness to try and initiation among youth, banning non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes may reduce youth e-cigarette use. Longitudinal research is needed to examine any role flavours may play in quit behaviours among adults.

scholarly journals Interventions to Reduce Adult Nursing Turnover: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Halter ◽  
Ferruccio Pelone ◽  
Olga Boiko ◽  
Carole Beighton ◽  
Ruth Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Care Systems

Background: Nurse turnover is an issue of concern in health care systems internationally. Understanding which interventions are effective to reduce turnover rates is important to managers and health care organisations. Despite a plethora of reviews of such interventions, strength of evidence is hard to determine. Objective: We aimed to review literature on interventions to reduce turnover in nurses working in the adult health care services in developed economies. Method: We conducted an overview (systematic review of systematic reviews) using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, CINAHL plus and SCOPUS and forward searching. We included reviews published between 1990 and January 2015 in English. We carried out parallel blinded selection, extraction of data and assessment of bias, using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. We carried out a narrative synthesis. Results: Despite the large body of published reviews, only seven reviews met the inclusion criteria. These provide moderate quality review evidence, albeit from poorly controlled primary studies. They provide evidence of effect of a small number of interventions which decrease turnover or increase retention of nurses, these being preceptorship of new graduates and leadership for group cohesion. Conclusion: We highlight that a large body of reviews does not equate with a large body of high quality evidence. Agreement as to the measures and terminology to be used together with well-designed, funded primary research to provide robust evidence for nurse and human resource managers to base their nurse retention strategies on is urgently required.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Epidemiology of the Muscular Dystrophies

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean K. Mah ◽  
Lawrence Korngut ◽  
Kirsten M. Fiest ◽  
Jonathan Dykeman ◽  
Lundy J. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Muscular Dystrophies ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Case Ascertainment ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

AbstractBackground: The muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of genetic muscle diseases with variable distribution of weakness and mode of inheritance.Methods: We previously performed a systematic review of worldwide population-based studies on Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies; the current study focused on the epidemiology of other muscular dystrophies using Medline and EMBASE databases. Two reviewers independently reviewed all abstracts, full-text articles, and abstracted data from 1985 to 2011. Pooling of prevalence estimates was performed using random-effect models.Results: A total of 1104 abstracts and 167 full-text articles were reviewed. Thirty-one studies met all eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of combined muscular dystrophies was 16.14 (confidence interval [CI], 11.21-23.23) per 100,000. The prevalence estimates per 100,000 were 8.26 (CI, 4.99-13.68) for myotonic dystrophy, 3.95 (CI, 2.89-5.40) for facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, 1.63 (CI, 0.94-2.81) for limb girdle muscular dystrophy, and 0.99 (CI, 0.62-1.57) for congenital muscular dystrophies.Conclusions: The studies differed widely in their approaches to case ascertainment, and substantial gaps remain in the global estimates of many other types of muscular dystrophies. Additional epidemiological studies using standardized diagnostic criteria as well as multiple sources of case ascertainment will help address the economic impact and health care burden of muscular dystrophies worldwide.

scholarly journals Adoption of Digital Technologies in Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Early Scientific Literature

10.2196/22280 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. e22280
Author(s):  
Davide Golinelli ◽  
Erik Boetto ◽  
Gherardo Carullo ◽  
Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese ◽  
Maria Paola Landini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Patient Needs ◽  
The Impact

Background The COVID-19 pandemic is favoring digital transitions in many industries and in society as a whole. Health care organizations have responded to the first phase of the pandemic by rapidly adopting digital solutions and advanced technology tools. Objective The aim of this review is to describe the digital solutions that have been reported in the early scientific literature to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on individuals and health systems. Methods We conducted a systematic review of early COVID-19–related literature (from January 1 to April 30, 2020) by searching MEDLINE and medRxiv with appropriate terms to find relevant literature on the use of digital technologies in response to the pandemic. We extracted study characteristics such as the paper title, journal, and publication date, and we categorized the retrieved papers by the type of technology and patient needs addressed. We built a scoring rubric by cross-classifying the patient needs with the type of technology. We also extracted information and classified each technology reported by the selected articles according to health care system target, grade of innovation, and scalability to other geographical areas. Results The search identified 269 articles, of which 124 full-text articles were assessed and included in the review after screening. Most of the selected articles addressed the use of digital technologies for diagnosis, surveillance, and prevention. We report that most of these digital solutions and innovative technologies have been proposed for the diagnosis of COVID-19. In particular, within the reviewed articles, we identified numerous suggestions on the use of artificial intelligence (AI)–powered tools for the diagnosis and screening of COVID-19. Digital technologies are also useful for prevention and surveillance measures, such as contact-tracing apps and monitoring of internet searches and social media usage. Fewer scientific contributions address the use of digital technologies for lifestyle empowerment or patient engagement. Conclusions In the field of diagnosis, digital solutions that integrate with traditional methods, such as AI-based diagnostic algorithms based both on imaging and clinical data, appear to be promising. For surveillance, digital apps have already proven their effectiveness; however, problems related to privacy and usability remain. For other patient needs, several solutions have been proposed, such as telemedicine or telehealth tools. These tools have long been available, but this historical moment may actually be favoring their definitive large-scale adoption. It is worth taking advantage of the impetus provided by the crisis; it is also important to keep track of the digital solutions currently being proposed to implement best practices and models of care in future and to adopt at least some of the solutions proposed in the scientific literature, especially in national health systems, which have proved to be particularly resistant to the digital transition in recent years.

Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran (2000-2016): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Panahi ◽  
Milad Abbasi ◽  
Kourosh Sayehmiri ◽  
Sadegh Safaripour ◽  
Jahangir Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Geographical Locations

: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis affecting humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and epidemiological features of CL in Iran by a systematic review and meta-analysis. The literature search was performed in the SID, Magiran, IranDoc, PubMed, Scopus, Medlib, as well as the Google Scholar search engine databases to find studies on the prevalence of CL. The reference lists of the found articles were also reviewed to obtain additional relevant articles. Studies that were related to treatment and reservoirs of CL were excluded. Forty-four studies were selected for final analysis. Metaanalysis with random effects model showed that the prevalence of leishmaniasis in Iran was 77 per 100,000 population. Overall, 60% of the patients were men. Most cases of CL occurred in autumn, and majority of the patients had one lesion mostly on hands. The most common age group was 20-30 years. In conclusion, CL is an endemic disease in Iran, and its prevalence is largely affected by geographical locations and regional customs. Appropriate preventing measures should be considered to decrease the incidence of CL in Iran.

scholarly journals A systematic review of prediction models to diagnose COVID-19 in adults admitted to healthcare centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Médéa Locquet ◽  
Anh Nguyet Diep ◽  
Charlotte Beaudart ◽  
Nadia Dardenne ◽  
Christian Brabant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Model Study

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is putting significant pressure on the hospital system. To help clinicians in the rapid triage of patients at high risk of COVID-19 while waiting for RT-PCR results, different diagnostic prediction models have been developed. Our objective is to identify, compare, and evaluate performances of prediction models for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in adult patients in a health care setting. Methods A search for relevant references has been conducted on the MEDLINE and Scopus databases. Rigorous eligibility criteria have been established (e.g., adult participants, suspicion of COVID-19, medical setting) and applied by two independent investigators to identify suitable studies at 2 different stages: (1) titles and abstracts screening and (2) full-texts screening. Risk of bias (RoB) has been assessed using the Prediction model study Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Data synthesis has been presented according to a narrative report of findings. Results Out of the 2334 references identified by the literature search, 13 articles have been included in our systematic review. The studies, carried out all over the world, were performed in 2020. The included articles proposed a model developed using different methods, namely, logistic regression, score, machine learning, XGBoost. All the included models performed well to discriminate adults at high risks of presenting COVID-19 (all area under the ROC curve (AUROC) > 0.500). The best AUROC was observed for the model of Kurstjens et al (AUROC = 0.940 (0.910–0.960), which was also the model that achieved the highest sensitivity (98%). RoB was evaluated as low in general. Conclusion Thirteen models have been developed since the start of the pandemic in order to diagnose COVID-19 in suspected patients from health care centers. All these models are effective, to varying degrees, in identifying whether patients were at high risk of having COVID-19.

scholarly journals Número de passos por dia e risco cardiometabólico em jovens: revisão sistemática

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Alex Pinheiro Gordia ◽  
Teresa Maria Bianchini de Quadros ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Methodological Problems

The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the association between the number of daily steps and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Studies published from 1 January 2000 to 31 May 2016 in the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases were analyzed. Manual searches of the reference lists of the selected articles were also performed. Of the 4,454 articles retrieved, eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Seven of these studies reported some significant association between step count and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the data suggested the lack of an association with hyperglycemia, were inconclusive regarding lipid profile alterations, divergent for high blood pressure, and indicated an association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome only in males. The findings of this systematic review do not permit to determine the association between step count and cardiometabolic risk factors in young people. The small number of articles that met the eligibility criteria and the different methodological problems of the studies reviewed were the main factors limiting inferences. Observational studies with a longitudinal design (cohort and casecontrol) and accurate methodological control are necessary.

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics of rhythmic gymnasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Jelena Lukić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts ◽  
Sports Selection

In esthetic sports, such as rhythmic gymnastics, body size and body composition can directly affect performance and outcome. The aim of this study was to identify anthropometric characteristics and to notice their impact on the prediction of higher performance in rhythmic gymnastics. For the needs of this review, scientific literature was analyzed from prestigious scientific journals. This systematic review included available data from the following databases: Google Scholar, Springer, PubMed, Europe PMC and research databases. Studies with the following criteria were included: anthropometric characteristics, profile or status and somatic constitution, body composition, somatotypes and morphological models, factors influencing performance and the level of the performance (reliability), and being published in English and Serbian language. Out of total 52 studies, reviewed 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the findings of the present study it could be concluded that anthropometric characteristics are an important item on the basis of which talent identification, sports selection and programming of training and nutrition plan is performed.

scholarly journals Mortality in patients with diabetes by COVID 19 a systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Ferreira Pôrto ◽  
Vinicius Carlos Iamonti ◽  
Antonio Adolfo Mattos de Castro ◽  
Anselmo Cordeiro de Souza ◽  
José Renato de Oliveira Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus might be associated with severity and death in patients with COVID-19; but its mechanisms are still unknown.Objective: to carry out a systematic review of what has been published so far on mortality in patients with COVID-19 associated with diabetes comorbidity.Methods: A search was carried out in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and EMBASE Classic and Google Scholar databases; up to April 2020 using the search medical subheadings (MeSH) terms : "mortality from Coronavirus", "mortality from COVID-19" and "mortality in patients with diabetes by COVID-19". Enrolled studies were assessed independently by two blinded researchers. Studies quality was assessed using the Jedad scale. The articles score equal or greater than two points were considered highly methodological quality.Results: Initially, 65 articles were found and 46 were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria. Among the 10 remaining, 3 were excluded because had Jedad score lower than two points. Among the remaining seven, two were excluded because they were meta-analysis. Eventually, five articles remained for final analysis. For all, mortality among patients with diabetes was higher than without diabetes. The risk of global mortality among diabetes patients was 8.9 times higher (p<0.0001) than without diabetes The time of diagnosis could be more determining for mortality, meanwhile HB1Ac level was not determiningConclusion: Mortality risk observed by COVID-19 is higher among diabetes patients than healthy age matched peers. This result can be partially explained by hormonal signaling changes, such as blood clotting and abnormal pancreas functioning.

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