scholarly journals Affective Neuroscience Contributions to the Treatment of Addiction: The Role of Social Instincts, Pleasure and SEEKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Flores Mosri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
The Social ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Social Environmental

Addiction is an illness prevalent in the worldwide population that entails multiple health risks. Because of the nature of addictive disorders, users of drugs seldom look for treatment and when they do, availability can be difficult to access. Permanence in treatment and its outcomes vary from case to case. Most models work from a multidisciplinary approach that tackles several dimensions of addictive disorders. However, the different etiological factors claim for a personalized treatment to enhance opportunities for better results. Problems in relationships with others play an important role in the etiology and the recovery process of addiction. This paper focuses on the social-environmental causes of addiction based on an affective neuroscience approach that attempts to integrate the interplay between social instincts, pleasure, and the SEEKING system in addiction. To advance toward better treatment strategies, it is pertinent to understand the limitations of the current multidisciplinary models. Acknowledging the social nature of the human brain may help to identify the quality of different types of traumatic early life experiences in drug users and how to address them in what may become a neuropsychoanalytic treatment of addiction.

scholarly journals Social Participation in Management Councils of Protected Areas: Normative advances and the perspective of ICMBio Environmental officers

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Santos Prado ◽  
Luciana Gomes de Araujo ◽  
Paula Chamy ◽  
Ana Carolina Esteves Dias ◽  
Cristiana Simão Seixas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Protected Areas Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Abstract Management councils of Protected Areas are an important tool to the exercise of social participation of individuals and groups struggling for social-environmental causes in Brazil’s democracy. This paper aims to integrate the main regulations guiding the social participation in Management Councils of Protected Areas in Brazil and the perception of managers and technicians in order to understand the process of elaboration of the rules, the behind the scenes, and negotiations. Our findings highlight that social participation has been formally ensured in many aspects, revealing democratic advancements in the field of Protected Areas management in Brazil. However, despite remarkable progress, many challenges remain, including aspects of representation, independency, level of influence, and sharing power in decision-making processes. The outcomes of participation are ongoing processes of learning and negotiation, which are reflected in the improvement of the legal arrangements analyzed.

Identification of Functional Variants Associated with Obesity in Pakistani Kindred

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Ayesha Aftab ◽  
Syed Babar Jamal ◽  
Syeda Marriam Bakhtiar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Protein Stability ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Functional Variants ◽  
Environmental Causes

Background: Obesity is an emerging pandemic considered to be an outcome of change in lifestyle owing to more processed food and the use of mechanical locomotives. Obesity has not only appeared as a problem in the esthetic appearance of an individual rather is a serious health issue due to its associations with various chronic diseases such as coronary and cardiovascular problems, hypertension, osteoarthritis, type-II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and certain cancers. It is estimated that 30 percent of the world’s population, i.e. approximately 2.1 billion people, are victims of obesity. In addition to environmental causes, various genes and a group of genes are reported to be increasing the suceptibility of obesity. Objective: Pakistan is a heterogeneous population, an amalgam of various races, therefore, narrowing down the list of obesity-associated genes and their functional variance could help molecular biologists to select potential SNPs in the Pakistani population for molecular diagnosis and treatment. Method: The extraction of a set of obesity-associated genes has been performed by using Polysearch2. SNPs for each gene are retrieved from dbSNP. RegulomeDB and SNPinfo tools have been used for the functional analysis of SNPs retrieved against the Pakistani population. For the prediction of potential deleterious SNPs, SIFT, Polyphen-2, MUTTASTER, MUTASSESSOR, and LRT (likelihood ratio test) are utilized. Functional analysis of potential deleterious SNPs has been performed by studying protein stability and mapping of identified SNPs to protein structure. For the protein stability analysis, I-Mutant and SNPs3D have been used. Results: Four genes FTO, POMC, LEPR, and MC4R and further analysis revealed 3 deleterious SNPs in FTO, 4 in POMC, 1 in LEPR, and 1 in MC4R. Conclusion: This research was designed to identify obesity-associated genes and the most impactful deleterious SNPs in these genes. These findings will be helpful for the molecular biologists and pharmacists to design better and focused diagnosis and treatment strategies.

The Logic of Affect

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Markwica
Keyword(s):  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Coercive Diplomacy ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Action ◽  
Action Model

Chapter 2 develops the logic of affect, or emotional choice theory, as an alternative action model besides the traditional logics of consequences and appropriateness. Drawing on research in psychology and sociology, the model captures not only the social nature of emotions but also their bodily and dynamic character. It posits that the interplay between identities, norms, and five key emotions—fear, anger, hope, pride, and humiliation—can shape decision-making in profound ways. The chapter derives a series of propositions how these five key emotions tend to influence the choice behavior of political leaders whose countries are targeted by coercive diplomacy. These propositions specify the affective conditions under which target leaders are likely to accept or reject a coercer’s demands. Even when emotions produce powerful impulses, humans will not necessarily act on them, however. The chapter thus also incorporates decision-makers’ limited ability to regulate their emotions into the logic of affect.

The Tinder Games: Collective mobile dating app use and gender conforming behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 205015792110050
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sobieraj ◽  
Lee Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Gender Specific

Mobile dating apps like Tinder became very popular among young adults, and, in contrast to mobile dating websites, they were designed to create a more game-like experience. While it is well documented that seeking entertainment is one core motivation for mobile dating app use, the social nature of entertainment has garnered less attention. Therefore, in this paper we draw on research on entertainment in dating apps and the socio-physical contexts of use to identify patterned behaviors of heterosexual users. To do this, we employed a qualitative multi-phase research approach. First, we conducted 20 interviews with mobile dating app users. Based on the findings from that study, we conducted gender-specific focus groups and a discourse analysis to explore the social phenomena identified in phase one. Our findings suggest the fun of mobile dating is not just interacting with potential matches through the apps, but the use of the apps among one’s friends. These “dating games” are entertaining, but importantly mitigate potential social or physical risks of mobile dating. Unsurprisingly, notions of “play” across the interview, focus group, and discourse analyses reflect highly gendered practices surrounding mobile dating apps and different risks associated with such games.

scholarly journals Narratives of Change: Identity and Recognition Dynamics in the Process of Moving Away From a Life Dominated by Drug Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 009145092110270
Author(s):  
Inger Eide Robertson ◽  
Hildegunn Sagvaag ◽  
Lillian Bruland Selseng ◽  
Sverre Nesvaag
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Practices ◽  
Struggle For Recognition ◽  
Depth Interviews

The concepts of identity and recovery capital are recognized as being an embedded part of moving away from a life dominated by drug use. However, the link between these two concepts and the effect of broader social structures, and the normative assumptions underpinning the condition of recovery, is less explored. This article focuses on the social practices of everyday life in the foreground of identity formation, meaning that “who I am” is an inseparable part of “what I do.” A narrative approach was employed to analyze qualitative follow-up data extracted from 48 in-depth interviews with 17 males and females with drug-using experience that were conducted posttreatment on three separate occasions over a period of 2.5 years. Theories of identity formation were employed to analyze the interdependent dynamic between social structure, persona and social resources, and way of life and identity. The analyses identified four narratives related to how people present themselves through the process of changing practices. Following the work of Honneth, we argue that the positive identity formation revealed in these narratives is best understood as a struggle for recognition via the principle of achievement. However, the participants’ self-narratives reflected cultural stories—specified as formula stories—of “normality,” “addiction,” and the “addict,” which work into the concepts of self and confine options of storying experiences during the recovery process. This study demonstrate that the process of recovery is culturally embedded and constitutes a process of adaption to conventional social positions and roles. We suggest challenging dominant discourses related to “addiction as a disease” and “normality” in order to prevent stigma related to drug use and recovery. In so doing, it may contribute to broaden conditions for identity (trans)formation for people in recovery.

scholarly journals Disrupting Cultures of Harassment in Archaeology: Social-Environmental and Trauma-Informed Approaches to Disciplinary Transformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Voss
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disciplinary Culture ◽  
Environmental Model ◽  
Exclusionary Practices ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Social Environmental

This article is the second in a two-part series that analyzes current research on harassment in archaeology. Both qualitative and quantitative studies, along with activist narratives and survivor testimonials, have established that harassment is occurring in archaeology at epidemic rates. These studies have also identified key patterns in harassment in archaeology that point to potential interventions that may prevent harassment, support survivors, and hold perpetrators accountable. This article reviews five key obstacles to change in the disciplinary culture of archaeology: normalization, exclusionary practices, fraternization, gatekeeping, and obstacles to reporting. Two public health paradigms—the social-environmental model and trauma-informed approaches—are used to identify interventions that can be taken at all levels of archaeological practice: individual, relational, organizational, community, and societal.

Body Mass Index Trends Among Adult U.S. Special Olympians, 2005–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Foley ◽  
Meghann Lloyd ◽  
Viviene A. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Biological Determinants ◽  
Social Environmental

This study examined temporal trends in body mass index (BMI) among United States adults with intellectual disability (ID) participating in Special Olympics from 2005 to 2010. In addition, the prevalence of obesity was compared with published National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) statistics. After data cleaning, 6,004 height and weight records (male = 57%) were available from the Special Olympics International Healthy Athletes Health Promotion database for the calculation of BMI. Rates of overweight and obesity were very high but generally stable over time. Compared with NHANES statistics, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher for Special Olympics female participants in each data collection cycle. Integrated efforts to understand the social, environmental, behavioral, and biological determinants of obesity and among Special Olympics participants are needed.

Addiction and schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Batel
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dependency Type ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
High Level ◽  
Environmental Hypothesis ◽  
High Degree

SummaryEpidemiologic studies in the general population and those based on the clinical assessment of schizophrenic populations have revealed a high degree of overlap between schizophrenia and addictive disorders. The abuse of psychoactive substances (including alcohol) throughout life is so frequent (50%) that the possibility of a specific link inevitably arises. Various hypotheses have been suggested to explain the high co-morbidity between schizophrenia and addiction: 1) The social-environmental hypothesis has been developed but studies have provided poor evidence to validate it. 2) The possible shared biological vulnerability between schizophrenia and addictions led researchers to explore common genetic determinants and study the involvement of the dopaminergic and opioid systems in the aetiology of both schizophrenia and the abuse of and dependence on psychoactive drugs. 3) Finally, the theory of self-medication suggests that schizophrenics may be attempting to counter the deficit linked to their disorders by using the substances they take or their dependency-type behaviour to cope with their emotional problems. The clinical profile of schizophrenic addicts does seem to display some distinctive features, such as the high level of depressive co-morbidity, very high nicotine and alcohol dependence, with a very poor prognosis. These patients are difficult to manage; the possibility of pharmacologic interactions between the substances they are taking and neuroleptic medication calls for prudence, and their compliance is also poor. Addictive disorders in schizophrenics are currently a topic of active research intended to lead to identifying specific treatments. The early identification of addictive disorders in schizophrenics should make it possible to limit their development and improve the prognosis.

scholarly journals Dialogues between social and natural sciences: contribution to the debate on socio-environmental conflicts

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2335-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Milanez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Social Environmental

ABSTRACT In this article, I argue that attempting to solve real problems is a possible approach to bring social and natural sciences together, and suggest that - as Environmental Impact Assessment necessarily brings together social and environmental issues - this debate is a strong candidate for such a task. The argument is based on a general discussion about the possibilities and limitations of Environmental Impact Assessments, the social-environmental impacts of mining activities and three case studies. The analysis of the cases indicates possibilities and limitations of the dialogue between scientists from various areas - and of the collaboration with social movements and affected communities - in avoiding negative impacts of mining projects and, eventually, increasing their sustainability.

Pentecostal Understanding of Sanctification from a Pentecostal Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Hollis Gause
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Birth ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Fruit Of The Spirit ◽  
The Trinity

AbstractThe doctrine of the Holy Trinity is the product of divine revelation, and is a doctrine of divine worship. The expressions of this doctrine come out of worshipful response to divine revelation demonstrating the social nature of the Trinity and God's incorporating the human creature in His own sociality and personal pluralism. The perfect social union between God and the man and woman that he had created was disrupted by human sin. God redeemed the fallen creature, and at the heart of this redemptive experience lies the doctrine of Holy Trinity, with the Holy Spirit as the communing agent of all the experiences of salvation. The Spirit is especially active in the provision and fulfillment of sanctification, which is presented here as the continuum of 'holiness-unity-love'. He produces the graces of the Holy Spirit – the fruit of the Spirit. He implants the Seed of the new birth which is the word of God. He purifies by the blood of Jesus. He establishes union and communion among believers and with God through His Son Jesus. This is holiness.

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