scholarly journals Determinants of the Fiscal Support of Governments in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Kun Li ◽  
Xueping Liang
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Fiscal Support ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Uncertainty Indices ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Fiscal support measures have different implications for public finances in the near term and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, this paper examines the determinants of governments' fiscal support in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The empirical analysis is based on the cross-sectional data estimations from 129 developed and developing countries. The estimation results indicate that a higher level of uncertainty related to COVID-19 (measured by the World Pandemic Uncertainty Indices) is positively related to fiscal support. Besides, countries with a higher total population and population over 65 years and older provide higher fiscal support. These results are valid when considering the developed countries separately. Policy implications for public finances during the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.

scholarly journals MO1040KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTION OF ORGAN DONATION BY STUDENTS IN MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Failal ◽  
Sanae Ezzaki ◽  
Rania Elafifi ◽  
Naoufal Mtioui ◽  
Salma Elkhayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
The Developed Countries

Abstract Background and Aims Organ transplantation is a treatment option to millions of patients worldwide. In this area, Morocco lags far behind the developed countries and even compared to some countries in the Arab world. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge; social attitudes and perceptions of donation and organ transplantation by medical students. Method This is a cross-sectional study descriptive and analytical target held in the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of. Results 320 medical students were surveyed. The mean age was 21.5 ± 2.32 years, with a female representing 78%. Almost all surveyed students knew the lethal diseases requiring the use of the graft (99.8%) and 97% of them knew the transplantable organs. 92% had heard of the possibility of organ transplants in Morocco, 90% of students felt that there are many people in need of transplants 87% of students were aware of the existence of legislation governing organ donation in Morocco. Only 7% thought that acts of donation and transplantation of organs are performed in private clinics, 89% of respondents know that there is a book in which one can register to make known its agreement to give its organs after death, 81% do not know the steps to register for this registre.97% were for organ donation and causes of refusal were: religion and the attainment of bodily integrity Conclusion There has to be targeted actions in order to promote donation and transplant in Morocco in order to enhance knowledge and information on medical, religious and legal order that the attitudes and perceptions of the population live.

scholarly journals Elder Abandonment in Mexico: Unattended public health problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Aura Cristina Gómez-Cardenas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Population Pyramid ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Physical Consequences

Aging is occurring at a speed higher than that experienced historically by the developed countries. Older population will grow three times faster than the growth rate of the total population. The largest increases will happen in countries that do not now show the highest percentages of people over the age of 60, as in the case of Brazil, Mexico and the Dominican Republic. However, in countries like Honduras and Paraguay this population grows at higher rates with respect to other countries. Public health in Mexico and Latin America faces the challenge of reforming health systems in a way that they can face a double burden of disease, represented by the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and their complications, in addition to the persistence of transferable infectious diseases and those associated with nutritional problems. For this reason, the perception of abandonment of the older adults, it is appropriate to define some concepts implicit in the sociodemographic characteristics that are reflected in the statistics of each Latin American country and especially in Mexico, because their population pyramid is increasing with this age-specific disease, generating that due to multiple economic and physical consequences, among others, abandonment becomes a consequence frequently neglected.

scholarly journals PUBLIC FINANCES OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Prutska
Keyword(s):  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
Crisis Support ◽  
Fiscal Support ◽  
Positive Effect

The article presents the results of a study of the world experience of using public finances in the context of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluates domestic measures of anti-crisis support of the national economy. It was noted that the volume and forms of financial support depended on the depth of the negative consequences of a pandemic in a country, as well as on the solvency of governments, their reputation as borrowers. Developed countries had the opportunity to approve fiscal support measures for several years, while in developing countries, such measures were short-term. It is emphasized that in these conditions the biggest concern is the growing budget deficit and public debt. The total package of anti-crisis measures of Ukraine, which is estimated at UAH 111.2 billion (2.8% of GDP), is analyzed. It is noted that this package is significantly inferior to the volume of support programs in developed countries, which reached levels ranging from 5-10% of GDP (China, UK, USA) to 18.8% of GDP (Canada) and even 23% of GDP (France). It was noted that despite the fact that the implementation of the "Big Construction" program has become the largest anti-crisis instrument in 2020, which undoubtedly had a positive effect and impact on economic indicators, it should not be considered an anti-crisis measure. This program was planned before the deployment of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not directly related to the direct support of the population and compensation for business losses, so it cannot be considered a government response to the COVID-19. It is concluded that the expected continuation of the pandemic in 2021 will require governments to pursue policies to support business and households. In these circumstances, the Ukrainian government will be required to increase the volume of anti-crisis measures. At the same time it is necessary to observe prudence and caution in choosing the sources of government borrowing. For the Ukrainian state, this task is complicated by the fact that overcoming the crisis must be carried out in the context of continuing reforms, strengthening the imbalance of public finances, increasing macroeconomic instability.

The effect of export portfolio on export earnings and risks

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-133
Author(s):  
Chong-Sup Kim ◽  
Hyun-Jung Je
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Return Volatility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Portfolio Approach ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess a country’s export returns and return volatility and to demonstrate that such an approach is a relevant method to predict a country’s export earnings and risks. Also to suggest important policy implications for Korea’s trade in terms of diversifying its export structure of products and destinations. Design/methodology/approach – The modern portfolio theory by Markowitz (1959) is applied to predict a country’s export earnings and risks. The import amount of a product, which includes aspects of both price and volume, is used as a measure of returns and return volatility and, as a result, the correlation matrix between 19 product groups covering almost all the export goods is calculated. The empirical analysis to show a strong causal relationship between expected returns and the return volatility of a country’s export portfolio and its real export earnings and risks is also made. Findings – This study demonstrates that the portfolio approach can be a useful method to predict export returns. Also suggests that Korea needs to change its portfolio of both export products and destinations in order to maintain more stable growth of its trade and reduce its vulnerability to an external shock. Research limitations/implications – The empirical tests have many limitations because they are based on simple cross-sectional models. Practical implications – The study shows that the modern portfolio approach to export by using prices and volume as a measure of variation in returns can predict how vulnerable a country’s export earnings is to economic shocks, and thus, provide a useful policy implication in the design of export structure and resource allocation. Originality/value – This study provides a new idea to predict a country’s export earnings and risks by applying the export portfolio.

Policy Needs Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-68
Author(s):  
Charlotte Rommerskirchen
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This chapter sets out to examine the determinants of fiscal policy outcomes during the Great Recession. EU members form a diverse union. What are the implications of economic and political diversity for public finances and by implication for collective action? To answer this question, this chapter analyzes time-series cross-sectional, country-level data from the twenty-seven EU member states over a three-year period (2008–10). The empirical analysis asserts that the deficit bias attributed to contemporary public finances was stronger during the Great Recession. Political factors (amongst them partisanship, the electoral calendar, and the strength of government) have shaped public finances markedly.

A phenomenological study of CSR policy making and implementation in developed countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-159
Author(s):  
Henry Ogiri Itotenaan ◽  
Martin Samy ◽  
Roberta Bampton
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Developed Countries

Purpose – Over the last few years, governments in the developed countries have increased their level of involvement in promoting corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities through policy making and implementation. Using a qualitative research approach, underpinned by a subjective ontology and an interpretive epistemology, this paper aims to examine the relevant characteristics of CSR frameworks applied across the developed countries, with particular reference to The Netherlands and Sweden. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted a thematic analysis and developed a rigorous phenomenological design to reveal the insights to CSR policy making. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with policy makers and implementers. The NVivo 9 software was used to analyse the data. Findings – The findings indicate that adoption of international guidelines that regulate companies working across borders, active participation of international government bodies, effective government collaboration with stakeholders, and provision of financial and technical support to companies to determine the level of CSR activities. Originality/value – The study revealed that: voluntary CSR implementation and reporting; transparency; and execution of national policy statement on CSR, are the process indicators of CSR implementation in developed society. The results of this study could have policy implications for both executive and MPs of national governments in developed society for CSR regulatory policies.

One Asia, or Many? Reflections from connected history

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANJAY SUBRAHMANYAM
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
American Century ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Developed Countries

It is now widely rumoured that the ‘Asian century’ is upon us. But what does this really mean? As late as 1988, Deng Xiaoping—in remarks made before the Indian prime minister, Rajiv Gandhi—expressed some scepticism about the facility of the formulation. As Deng stated then:In recent years people have been saying that the next century will be the century of Asia and the Pacific, as if that were sure to be the case. I disagree with this view. If we exclude the United States, the only countries in the Asia-Pacific region that are relatively developed are Japan, the ‘four little dragons’, Australia and New Zealand, with a total population of at most 200 million. (. . .) But the population of China and India adds up to 1.8 billion. Unless those two countries are developed, there will be no Asian century. No genuine Asia-Pacific century or Asian century can come until China, India and other neighbouring countries are developed. By the same token, there could be no Latin-American century without a developed Brazil. We should therefore regard the problem of development as one that concerns all mankind and study and solve it on that level. Only thus will we recognize that it is the responsibility not just of the developing countries but also of the developed countries.Whatever the doubts about his standing as a Marxist, then, we may say that Deng remained resolutely universalist in his perspective, at least outwardly.

scholarly journals Let’s Go Out For A Day Trip? Perspectives of Psychedelics (Ab)Users on the Safety of Acid (LSD) Tripping in Public Places

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Imam
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Developed Countries

BACKGROUND: Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) represent a unique phenomenon of the 21st century. These substances are of critical consequences on public health and national economies. Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelics and entheogens, represent one category of NPS. Numerous private groups do exist on the online drug fora and the online social platforms including Facebook. Psychedelic tripping or acid trip (using LSD) depicts one of the controversial life experiences; tripping can be indoor or in public.MATERIALS And METHODS: This study is observational and cross-sectional; it was based on an Internet Snapshot taken for a private group on Facebook; the group is dedicated for (ab)users of psychedelic substances. The snapshot was captured for a thread in relation to a critical question which was posted on the safety of day tripping using acid (LSD) in public places. Individual accounts of commenters (n=172) were analyzed in relation to demographics, length and themes of comments, and the attitude towards public tripping. This study is the first of its kind; it aims to conclude with an inference whether outdoor tripping is favourable by psychedelics users or not.RESULTS: A total of 137 psychedelic users’ comments were analyzed out of 172 (79.7%); males contributed more (n=111, 81%); the mean age was 32.14 years; most were Caucasian males from the US. (Ab)users were mainly geo-mapped into the US (85.4%), Canada (5.1%), and UK (3.7%). Those who had a positive attitude in relation to day tripping public places accounted for three-quarters (75.2%). Ethnicities and nationalities had no differential effect on a psychedelic user’s age nor his (her) enthusiasm for day tripping. However, (ab)users from the US were found to be more enthused. Further, there was a significant difference in relation to the attitude in between individuals with; positive attitude and negative attitude (p-value<0.001).CONCLUSION: Psychedelics (ab)users appeared to be in favour of having an acid trip in public; those were mainly geographically mapped into the developed countries, while the contribution of the developing countries was minimal. This study can be copied to populations of interest of different backgrounds, cultures, and ethnicities in an aim to infer changes in trends and preferences of individual users across time and place.

scholarly journals Export Revenue and Remittances Sent from Migrants' Host-Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Sena Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Aggregate Amount ◽  
Export Revenue ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This article investigates empirically how export revenue in migrants' host-countries influences the aggregate amount of remittances sent by migrants from these countries to their home-countries. It further investigates how the volatility of export revenue in migrants' host countries affects the volatility of the amount of remittances sent by migrants. The empirical analysis has been carried out on a panel dataset comprising 23 developed countries over the period 1975-2016. Using the fixed effects estimator, it has shown that a rise in export revenues is associated with a higher amount of remittances sent by migrants to their home-countries. Furthermore, higher volatility of export revenue generates a higher volatility of the amount of remittances sent. These findings have two policy implications. First, by improving the business environment for their exporting firms, and devising domestic policies that help reduce the volatility of export revenue, policymakers in the host-countries of migrants (mainly here, developed countries) would allow higher amounts of remittances to accrue from these countries to their home-countries. These remittances are well known to be critical for the promotion of economic growth and development of the home-countries of migrants.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study On The Acceptance Of COVID-19 Vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adetayo Olaniyi Adeniran ◽  
Oluwadamisi Tayo-Ladega ◽  
Taye Mohammed Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Developed Countries

Abstract Background Studies on the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and the perception of COVID-19 were most prevalent in the developed countries while scarcity of such studies in developing countries and Nigeria in particular. Because the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and the perception of COVID-19 differs among citizens of different countries, this study examines the acceptance of Nigerians to the usage of the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted, with the use of an e-questionnaire which was administered to respondents (Nigerians) in a form of an online survey with emphasis on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Logistic regression analysis was employed to achieve the study. Conclusions The Nigerian public COVID-19 vaccines acceptance was fairly low in Nigeria. The educated male respondents are most likely to accept the usage of the vaccine. Similarly, respondents who believed that vaccines are generally safe and those who were willing to pay for vaccines, after becoming widespread, were more likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccines. However, those above 35 years old and respondents who are employed were not likely to accept the vaccines except been mandated by the employers. Moreover, respondents that believed in the rumors surrounding the dynamics of COVID-19 as well as those that do not have assurance in any source of information regarding COVID-19 vaccines, may not accept the usage of the vaccine. This study found that the most reliable sources of information regarding the COVID-19 vaccines were reports from the media and reports from healthcare providers.

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