scholarly journals Real-World Evidence: The Low Validity of Temperature Screening for COVID-19 Triage

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan C. Pană ◽  
Henrique Lopes ◽  
Florentina Furtunescu ◽  
Diogo Franco ◽  
Anca Rapcea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
False Sense ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced health-related organizations to rapidly launch country-wide procedures that were easy to use and inexpensive. Body temperature measurement with non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) is among the most common procedures, both in hospital settings and in many other entities. However, practical hospital experiences have raised great doubts about the procedure's validity.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the body temperature measured using NCITs among oncological and transplant patients who took the polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-Cov-2 PCR+ and PCR- in a Romanian Hospital.Methods: Body temperature was measured for 5,231 inpatients using NCITs. The cutoff point for fever was equal to or above 37.3°C. Patients then completed a questionnaire about their symptoms, contact, and travel history.Findings: Fever was detected in five of 53 persons with PCR+, resulting in a sensitivity of 9.43% (95% CI, 3.13–20.66%). No fever was verified in 5,131 of 5,171 persons with PCR-, resulting in a specificity of 99.15% (95% CI, 98.86–99.38%). A defensive vision of NCIT procedure (maximum standard error only in favor) had a sensitivity of 15.09% (95% CI, 6.75–27.59%).Conclusions: The use of NCITs in a triage provides little value for detection of COVID-19. Moreover, it provides a false sense of protection against the disease while possibly discriminating individuals that could present fever due to other reasons, such as oncologic treatments, where fever is a common therapeutical consequence. The consumption of qualified human resources should be considered, especially in the context of the shortage of healthcare professionals worldwide.

Arduino Promini-based Helmet Temperature Measuring Helmet with MLX90614-DCI Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu ja’far siddiq ◽  
Indah sulistiyowati
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
Human Body Temperature ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement ◽  
The Government

The Covid-19 pandemic that is currently spreading in Indonesia has claimed thousands of lives. Coronavirus Disease is characterized by the main clinical symptoms of fever >38 °C, coughing, to shortness of breath. In preventing its spread, the government conducts early detection by examining the main symptoms in the form of a fever and enforcing health protocols on each line. Therefore, we need an appropriate innovation that can make it easier for officers/guards to check human body temperature, especially in crowded places such as at airports, malls, or on the highway. Currently, body temperature measurement equipment is widely used, which allegedly made many errors in detecting it. Therefore, an innovative helmet was created that can be used by guards, security and even the police to detect body temperature based on the Arduino Pro Mini with the MLX90614-DCI sensor and the output is the real body temperature displayed on the LED screen. When the body temperature reads more than 38 °C, the helmet will turn on a buzzer and an LED to show that the target measurement is in a fever condition, and it is recommended going to the health center for further examination. This tool has been tested, and the sensor readings have an accuracy at a distance of 100 cm with several participants and the sensor readings are compared with the reading values from the alpha one thermometer and the measurement results have an accuracy level of 95%.

Linearization of High Precision Human Body Temperature Measurement Circuit Based on NTC Thermistor

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
De Jun Li ◽  
Chi Gang Xing
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Measurement Circuit ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Thermistor Bridge ◽  
Ntc Thermistor ◽  
Human Body Temperature ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement ◽  
Linearization Problem

In the micro-climate cloth researching, we usually need to accurate measuring the body temperature, in this paper we choose the constant-voltage temperature measuring system based on the NTC thermistor to measure the temperature. Because the resistance of the thermistor and the temperature is not linear, so this will cause the output of the measurement circuit is not linear. In actual measurement we usually require the output of the circuit varies linearly in the required range. This paper mainly research the linearization problem of the NTC thermistor bridge circuit in the required temperature range.

scholarly journals Agreement Test of Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis with Gold Standard Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique: A Step to Overcome False Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 579-582
Author(s):  
Ali Essa Shaker ◽  
Mohammed Abdulmahdi Al Kurtas ◽  
Haider Zalzala
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Standard Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Good Agreement

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is global health problem which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) bacteria. One-quarter of the world’s populations is infected by M. tuberculosis and only 10–15% of those develop the disease, while the remaining 85–95% of the population are carrying the bacteria and cannot transmit the disease to the others. M. tuberculosis bacteria affects the lungs, but any organ in the body can be affected by the bacteria. About 15% of M. tuberculosis infections are of in the extrapulmonary type. The diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is very challenging because most sites are inaccessible and paucibacillary nature of the bacteria in these sites. The need for rapid and more sensitive and specific tests for the diagnosis of EPTB in comparison to culture and histopathology is increasing. The molecular methods for the detection of M. tuberculosis gene(s) in the provided sample are now promising. PATIENT AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study at AL-Kindy Teaching Hospital at Al-Resaffa part of Baghdad city, Iraq. Data collection has been done in three months duration (July, August, and September) 2015. A total of 74 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from suspected EPTB cases was collected, both Polymerase Chain reaction test for M. tuberculosis and histopathological examination was done for each sample. RESULTS: A total of 74 patients (18 males, 56 females), mean age 29.72 suspected to had extrapulmonary TB underwent biopsies from different tissue types. The biopsies from the 74 patients were taken from different tissues according to the site of lesion, 49 (66.2%) biopsies were taken from lymph node, 12 biopsies (16.2%) was taken from mass in the axilla, 6 (8.1%) from abscess, 4 (5.4%) from the intestine, 3 (4.1%) from fistula. Of the 74 studied patients 57 (77%) showed positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 17 (23%) showed negative PCR results. Regarding to the histopathological reports of the biopsies, there were 54 (73%) patients had positive histopathological (granuloma) result and 20 (27%) patients had negative results (nongranuloma). The sensitivity of histopathological examination of the biopsies was 91.02%, the specificity 88.2%, and the kappa was 0.748 (p = 0.00) which is mean good agreement between histopathological examination of the biopsies and the polymerase chain reaction test. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive value of histopathology examination of biopsies were 91.02%, 88.2%, and 96%, respectively. The kappa was 0.748 (p = 0.00) which is mean good agreement between histopathological examination of the biopsies and the polymerase chain reaction test.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: CHILDREN WITH FEVERS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Cone
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parental Anxiety ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Cause ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Deep Temperature

In the infant the temperature rises on the most trivial cause; it may be lumpy faeces in the intestine, it may be a slight coryza. I have seen cases where even some irritation of the skin seemed sufficient cause; as the child grows older, similarly but less often, constipation, some slight deviation from a customary diet, or even some unwonted excitement may be sufficient cause for a rise in temperature.1 Sir George Frederic Still STILL'S explanation of some of the causes of fever in the infant and child may not be acceptable to the contemporary practitioner, but none would doubt that the clinical thermometer has been both an instrument of great diagnostic value, yet often a source of undue parental anxiety. Ever since Traube in 1850 first recommended routine daily recording of the temperature of ill children, the normal diurnal variations of body temperature in infants and children remain of clinical interest-and at times misunderstanding. Parents and some physicians forget that no one temperature reading can be given as normal for all children at all times. BODY TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT IN CLINICAL PRACTICE The internal temperature of the body can best be determined by a rectal thermometer. But, even rectal temperature readings may not be a true record of the body's deep temperature because of variations in the technic of using the thermometer. When, under experimental conditions, the thermometer is inserted 14 cm, the reading will be 0.3 to 2.4°F(0.2 to 1.3°C) higher than when it is inserted between 2 and 6 cm, as is the custom in clinical practice.

scholarly journals PSX-13 Correlation between superficial body temperatures measured with an infrared thermometer in alpacas

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 463-464
Author(s):  
jorge L Vilela ◽  
Jorge Ascue ◽  
Milagros Callan ◽  
Gianella Goycochea ◽  
Andrea Jauregui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Technological Unit ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement

Abstract The temperature measurement is essential during the physical examination since it helps to detect abnormalities on animal health. In addition, it should be done in the shortest possible time to avoid stress. The objective of this research is to calculate the correlation between rectal temperature and the superficial body temperature by means of a digital infrared thermometer. Ten alpacas huacaya from the center of development Alpaquero (CEDAT-DESCOSUR), located in Arequipa region at 4,365 m.a.s.l, and eight alpacas huacaya of the zootechnical and technological unit (UZYT) of the Universidad Cientifica del Sur, located in Lima at 0 m.a.s.l., were used. Rectal temperature measurement (RECTAL) was done with a veterinary clinical thermometer for one minute. Superficial body temperature measurement was conducted with infrared thermometer model CENTER 350®, at a distance of between 20 to 25 cm. Six measuring points were established by infrared thermometer: the outer zone of the nose (ON), the inner zone of the nose (IN), the extreme zone of ear (EE), middle zone of ear (ME), lower zone of the ear (LE) and the belly of the animal (BE). Rectal temperatures were measured at the same time as superficial body temperatures. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and graphs were calculated using an R software package called “CORRGRAM.” The results are presented in Table 1. Mean and deviation standard for rectal temperature from CEDAT-DESCOSUR and UZYT were 38.03 ± 0.37 and 37.46 ± 0.35 ° C, respectively. The results showed that there is a major correlation between rectal temperature and the temperature of the middle of the ear and the outer zone of the nose. In conclusion, there is a highly significant correlation between rectal temperature and superficial body temperature in some areas of the body, being an alternative option for the prediction of temperature in alpacas.

scholarly journals Noncontact Body Temperature Measurement: Uncertainty Evaluation and Screening Decision Rule to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Giovanni Battista Dell’Isola ◽  
Elena Cosentini ◽  
Laura Canale ◽  
Giorgio Ficco ◽  
Marco Dell’Isola
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Decision Rule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Uncertainty Sources ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation

The need to measure body temperature contactless and quickly during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency has led to the widespread use of infrared thermometers, thermal imaging cameras and thermal scanners as an alternative to the traditional contact clinical thermometers. However, limits and issues of noncontact temperature measurement devices are not well known and technical–scientific literature itself sometimes provides conflicting reference values on the body and skin temperature of healthy subjects. To limit the risk of contagion, national authorities have set the obligation to measure body temperature of workers at the entrance to the workplace. In this paper, the authors analyze noncontact body temperature measurement issues from both clinical and metrological points of view with the aim to (i) improve body temperature measurements accuracy; (ii) estimate the uncertainty of body temperature measurement on the field; (iii) propose a screening decision rule for the prevention of the spread of COVID-19. The approach adopted in this paper takes into account both the traditional instrumental uncertainty sources and clinical–medical ones related to the subjectivity of the measurand. A proper screening protocol for body temperature measurement considering the role of uncertainty is essential to correctly choose the threshold temperature value and measurement method to access critical places during COVID-19 pandemic emergency.

scholarly journals The Relation of Body Temperature and Vaginal Cytology Examination in Time Artificial Insemination Rate Fat-tailed Sheep (Ovis Aries) in The District Sidoarjo East Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Rhendyka Prasetya Anggriawan ◽  
Suzanita Utama ◽  
Hana Eliyani
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Cotton Swab ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Main Determinants

Ewes fertility is one aspect that needs to maximum level. Reproductive performance in sheep livestock in Indonesia has become one of the main determinants of reproductive success. This study has been carried out of the body temperature measurement and sampling of vaginal cytology of 60 fat-tailed sheep before artificial insemination in Sidoarjo East Java. Body temperature measurement is done in the rectum of reported ewes in heat and artificial insemination requested can be determined by observing the condition of the vulva of ewes such as the presence or absence of mucus through the vagina, vulva swollen and reddened vulva mucosa. vaginal cytology sampling with a cotton swab inserted into the vulva ± 15cm of ewes that reported in heat then interpreted by a microscope. The result showed that ewe’s body temperature in 39.1oC-39.2oC has a significant correlation with vaginal cytology type on oestrous phase. Keyword: Ewes, body temperature, vaginal cytology, the district Sidoarjo East Java

scholarly journals Comparison of different methods of temperature measurement in children

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momcilo Pavlovic ◽  
Nedeljko Radlovic ◽  
Zoran Lekovic ◽  
Karolina Berenji
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Pediatric Department ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement ◽  
Mercury Thermometer ◽  
Electronic Thermometer

Introduction The consequences of failing to notice fever in children can be serious. On the other hand, false positive reading can result in unnecessary investigation or diagnostic approach. The aim of this study was to compare different ways of body temperature measurement. Material and methods This prospective study was carried out on Pediatric Department of General Hospital in Subotica during 10 months (March-December 2006). In 263 children aged 1 month to 18 years of age, the body temperature was obtained from 4 measurement sites: tactile assessment, forehead and ear by electronic thermometer, rectal temperature in small children (up to 2 years of age) or axillar temperature in older children by mercury thermometer. Tympanic thermometry was considered as a standard for fever detection. Results The sensitivity of rectal temperature to detect fever is 46.67%, while specificity is 92.19%. The sensitivity of fever detection by electronic thermometry on the forehead is lower according to rectal thermometry - 36.08%, while specificity is 95.18%. The lowest values of sensitivity are recorded in axillar thermometry (35.82%), specificity is 90.20%. The correlation coefficient is higher between tympanic and rectal temperature measurement (r=0.5076, p<0.0005), than between tympanic and forehead measurements (r=0.5076, p<0,0005), while the lowest was between tympanic and axillar measurement sites (r=0.4933, p<0.0005). Conclusions The results of our study and literature data show that the most accurate methods of thermometry are rectal measurement of body temperature in small children and tympanic thermometry in children over 2 years of age.

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