scholarly journals Vitamin D Status and Its Influence on the Health of Preschool Children in Hangzhou

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Chen ◽  
Xi Lv ◽  
Wensheng Hu ◽  
Xia Qian ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children are global public health problems. However, few studies have focused on vitamin D status in healthy preschool children, especially in Asia. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status and host-related factors in healthy preschool children in Hangzhou to analyze the impact of low vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL) on health outcomes (obesity, early childhood caries, and respiratory tract infections).Methods: A total of 1,510 healthy children aged 24–72 months from 15 kindergartens in Hangzhou were included. Data on the children's gender, age, body mass index (BMI), caries, and blood samples available for vitamin D analysis were collected from June to August 2018. A total of 325 children aged 36–48 months took part in a survey on the frequency of respiratory tract infections in the last year.Results: The children's mean 25(OH)D level was 28.01 ± 7.29 ng/mL. A total of 11.4% of the children had vitamin D deficiency, and 52.6% had vitamin D insufficiency. Only 36.0% had vitamin D sufficiency. No significant difference was found by gender or BMI group. However, children in the obesity group had the highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the lowest 25(OH)D levels. A significant negative correlation was found between the 25(OH)D level and child age (r = −0.144, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the children’s 25(OH)D levels decreased by 0.17 ng/mL per month with age. In addition, children with low vitamin D levels might increase the risk of obesity and early childhood caries. Multiple linear regression indicated that the number of caries in children increased by 0.08 per 1-ng/mL decrease in the 25(OH)D level (β = −0.08, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is a serious problem among healthy preschool children in Hangzhou. Public health policies or interventions should be implemented to ensure that preschool children have adequate vitamin D to reduce the risk of related diseases.

scholarly journals Responsibility for vitamin D supplementation of elderly care home residents in England: falling through the gap between medicine and food

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Williams ◽  
Carol Williams
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

AbstractIntroductionVitamin D supplements are recommended for elderly care home residents with little sunlight exposure. However, their use in care homes is limited and vitamin D deficiency in residents is widespread. This study aimed to understand perceived responsibility for the vitamin D status of residents and the determinants of current practice around supplementation.MethodsThirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants in two areas of Southern England including care home managers, general practitioners (GPs) and public health professionals. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim.ResultsInductive thematic analysis identified four themes – medical framing; professional and sector boundaries; awareness of national guidance; and ethical and practical issues. Vitamin D supplements were not routinely given to residents, and most participants, including the GPs, believed the vitamin D status of residents was the responsibility of the GP. Care home managers felt unable to make decisions about vitamin D and vulnerable to suggestions of wrongdoing in administering over-the-counter vitamin tablets. This results in vitamin D requiring prescription by medical professionals and few care home residents receiving vitamin D supplements.ConclusionThe medical framing of vitamin D supplements in care homes is a practical barrier to residents receiving them and is out of step with public health recommendations. Vitamin D levels in care home residents could be improved through universal supplementation. This requires a paradigm shift so that vitamin D is understood as a protective nutrient as well as a medicine, and a public health as well as a medical responsibility. The failure to ensure vitamin D adequacy of residents may emerge as a factor in the spread and severity of COVID-19 in care homes and gives increased urgency to addressing this issue.KEY MESSAGESWhat is already known about the subject?Nutrition guidelines recommend elderly care home residents take vitamin D supplements as a preventative measure. This is rarely implemented in practice and vitamin D inadequacy is widespread.What are the new findings?Medical framing of vitamin D in the care sector puts elderly residents at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplements are perceived as medicines requiring an individual prescription and diagnosis by a medical professional. This is out of step with public health recommendations. The system’s failure to protect the vitamin D status of the elderly in care homes may have implications in the context of COVID-19.How might these results change the focus of research or practice?Prompt a review of current guidelines and regulations in England to establish responsibility for implementing public health recommendations on vitamin D supplementation in care homes. Further research on feasibility of implementation strategies is needed.

scholarly journals Correlation of Vitamin D levels with feto-maternal outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Nidhi Chauhan ◽  
Nikita Pahuja ◽  
Vinita Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vitamin D deficiency in adult females may increase risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis. Various malpresentation, cephalo-pelvic disproportion and difficult deliveries increases the risk of caesarean section. It may also increase the risk of fetal hypovitaminosis D, neonatal rickets and tetany, lower respiratory tract infections, low birth weight, the largest cause of infant mortality in India. This study was under taken to study the impact of vitamin D deficiency on feto-maternal outcome.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Ram Nagar, Dehradun, over a period of 12 months. Sample size was 100 pregnant females attending antenatal clinic.Results: Out of 100 subjects, pre-eclampsia was seen in 15, among which 5 (23.80%) had deficient, 9 (13.04%) had insufficient and 1 (10%) had sufficient vitamin D levels. Eclampsia was seen in 3 subjects, out of which 1 (4.76%) had deficient, 2 (2.89%) had insufficient vitamin D status. IUGR was seen in 8 subjects, out of which 4 (19.04%) had deficient vitamin D levels, 4 (5.79%) had insufficient vitamin D status. Neither of the two had sufficient vitamin D status. Deficient vitamin D status with birth weight ≤2.5 kg was seen in 9 (42.85%) subjects and 12 (57.14%) subjects with >2.5 kg Insufficient Vitamin D status was seen in 22 (31.88%) subjects with birth weight ≤2.5 kg and 48 (69.56%) with birth weight >2.5 kg.Conclusions: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was noted in this region and its association with pre-eclampsia (23.80%, 13.04% and 10% in deficient, insufficient and sufficient group respectively) was seen. Higher incidence of LSCS was also present among the deficient and the insufficient group.

Vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kana Ram Jat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Tract Infections

Studies related to vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children have inconsistent findings. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children with LRTI, and to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D levels and the incidence and severity of LRTI. A total of 12 studies enrolling 2279 participants were included in our analysis. Children with LRTI were found to have significantly lower mean vitamin D levels as compared to controls There was likewise a correlation between vitamin D levels and incidence and severity of LRTI. Large randomised controlled trials are needed to evaluate effect of vitamin D supplementation for LRTI.

scholarly journals No evidence that vitamin D is able to prevent or affect the severity of COVID-19 in individuals with European ancestry: a Mendelian randomisation study of open data

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2020-000151
Author(s):  
Hasnat A Amin ◽  
Fotios Drenos
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Tract Infections

BackgroundUpper respiratory tract infections are reportedly more frequent and more severe in individuals with lower vitamin D levels. Based on these findings, it has been suggested that vitamin D can prevent or reduce the severity of COVID-19.MethodsWe used two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) to assess the causal effect of vitamin D levels on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and COVID-19 severity using publicly available data. We also carried out a genome-wide association analysis (GWA) of vitamin D deficiency in the UK Biobank (UKB) and used these results and two-sample MR to assess the causal effect of vitamin D deficiency on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and COVID-19 severity.ResultsWe found no evidence that vitamin D levels causally affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (ln(OR)=0.17 (95% CI −0.22 to 0.57, p=0.39)) nor did we find evidence that vitamin D levels causally affect COVID-19 severity (ln(OR)=0.36 (95% CI −0.89 to 1.61, p=0.57)). Based on our GWA analysis, we found that 17 independent variants are associated with vitamin D deficiency in the UKB. Using these variants as instruments for our two-sample MR analyses, we found no evidence that vitamin D deficiency causally affects the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (ln(OR)=−0.04 (95% CI −0.1 to 0.03, p=0.25)) nor did we find evidence that vitamin D deficiency causally affects COVID-19 severity (ln(OR)=−0.24 (95% CI −0.55 to 0.08, p=0.14)).ConclusionsIn conclusion, we found no evidence that vitamin D is protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 severity. Our data support the recent statement by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence that the use of vitamin D supplementation to mitigate COVID-19 is not supported by the available data.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns in a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5071
Author(s):  
Harleen Kour ◽  
Shashi Gupta ◽  
Swarn K. Gupta ◽  
Bawa Ram Bhagat ◽  
Gagan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Background: In the recent years there has been an increased understanding of the role that vitamin D plays in regulation of cell growth, calcium absorption and immunity and its impact on the developing fetus and maternal health is of significant concern. This study aims at evaluating the Vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns.Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 100 pregnant females according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the time of delivery, maternal blood was collected, and newborn samples were taken from newborn side of umbilical cord and sent for analysis.Results: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be 85% of pregnant females and 91% of the newborns. Only 5% of pregnant females and 1% of the newborns showed Vitamin D sufficiency. Maternal and newborn vitamin D levels show a positive correlation. Mean maternal and newborn Vitamin D levels were found to be 16.78±7.04 ng/mL and 11.29±5.75 ng/ml.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among pregnant women in north India. Low maternal vitamin D levels lead to vitamin D deficiency in the newborns also.

scholarly journals Levels of vitamin D among overweight and obese adolescents: an observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934
Author(s):  
T. Prashanth Reddy ◽  
Kishore Reddy ◽  
Madhu Sudhan Reddy ◽  
Manjunath G. A.
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Normal growth and development requires vitamin D, and its deficiency compromises long term health and increases the risk of chronic disease. Severe vitamin D deficiency include rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, increased risk of fracture, tooth loss. Studies indicate that vitamin D insufficiency (less severe than deficiency) is associated with a wide range of illnesses and chronic conditions, including type 1 diabetes, hypertension, multiple sclerosis and many types of cancer. Currently world is facing an unrecognized and untreated pandemic of vitamin D deficiency. This study aims at showing the relation between Vitamin D status and obesity in adolescent children and to know the dietary factors, life style factors like physical activity contributing to overweight and obesity in adolescents.Methods: Study design: This is an observational study of 30 overweight and obese adolescents based on BMI were studied and their Vitamin D levels were assessed.Results: A total of 14(46.7%) overweight and 16(53.3%) obese adolescents Vitamin D levels were assessed. 20(66.7%) had vitamin D levels <20ng/ml that is in the deficiency range.4(13.3%) had in the insufficiency range (21-30ng/ml), 6(20%) had in the sufficient range. Results shows vitamin D levels were significantly less in obese and overweight adolescents.Conclusions: Study results confirm that Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is common to obese and overweight adolescents, this may help to explain the relationship between obesity and several chronic diseases that are associated with poor Vitamin D status.

scholarly journals Vitamin D levels in pregnant women in Uttarakhand, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Nikita Pahuja ◽  
Nidhi Chauhan ◽  
Vinita Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin

Background: A balanced, nutritious diet is an important aspect of a healthy pregnancy and its outcome. Vitamin D plays an important role in regular bone growth and in adequate function of innate immune system, including barrier function of mucous membrane. Vitamin D deficiency in adult females may increase risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis. The present study was undertaken to find the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in the women of Uttarakhand, India.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Ram Nagar, Dehradun, India over a period of 12 months. Sample size was 100 pregnant females attending antenatal clinic.Results: Out of 100 subjects, 21 (21%) had deficient, 69 (69%) had insufficient and 10 (10%) had sufficient vitamin D status. Out of 21 deficient subjects, 18 (85.71%) were Hindus, 2 (9.52%) were Muslims, 1 (4.76%) was Sikh and no deficiency was seen in Christian. In the present study, deficient vitamin D status was seen in 1 (4.76%) in lower, 16 (76.19%) in middle and 4 (19.04%) subjects in upper socioeconomic status.Conclusions: It is concluded from our study that there is serious vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the women of Uttarakhand, India.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status of Epileptic Children in India: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e87-e92
Author(s):  
Chandrika Azad ◽  
Vishal Guglani ◽  
Jasbinder Kaur ◽  
Roosy Aulakh ◽  
Sukhvinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Epileptic Children ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is prevalent all over the world, especially in tropical countries. In epileptics, antiepileptic drugs (AED) and associated comorbidities further impact vitamin D status. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency in epileptic children and evaluate probable risk factors. A cross-sectional study of 200 children between 1 and 18 years of age on AED was undertaken in the pediatric neurology clinic of a tertiary care center of Northern India. In all children, serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were estimated. The deficiency levels of vitamin D were categorized as: deficiency <20 ng/mL, insufficiency 20 to 30 ng/mL, and sufficiency >30 ng/mL. The potential risk factors for hypovitaminosis D, including type of epilepsy, AED regimen (specific medications, polytherapy vs. monotherapy), cerebral palsy, ambulatory status, intellectual disability, body mass index, gender, and vegetarianism were examined. Among the 200 enrolled children (60% boys), 106/200 (53%) were vitamin D deficient. There was no significant relation of vitamin D levels with gender, type of epilepsy, neurological deficit, and type of AED. An inverse relationship of higher phenytoin doses during monotherapy associated with lower vitamin D levels in monotherapy was found, thereby suggesting adverse effect of high doses of phenytoin on vitamin D levels. VDD is common among epileptic children on AED therapy. Vitamin D deficiency is common prevalent among epileptic children on AED therapy, and its detection and treatment correction should be an integral part of epilepsy management.

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