scholarly journals Becoming Team Members: Identifying Interaction Patterns of Mutual Adaptation for Human-Robot Co-Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M. van Zoelen ◽  
Karel van den Bosch ◽  
Mark Neerincx
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Urban Search And Rescue ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Mutual Adaptation ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Human Participant ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Robot Communication

Becoming a well-functioning team requires continuous collaborative learning by all team members. This is called co-learning, conceptualized in this paper as comprising two alternating iterative stages: partners adapting their behavior to the task and to each other (co-adaptation), and partners sustaining successful behavior through communication. This paper focuses on the first stage in human-robot teams, aiming at a method for the identification of recurring behaviors that indicate co-learning. Studying this requires a task context that allows for behavioral adaptation to emerge from the interactions between human and robot. We address the requirements for conducting research into co-adaptation by a human-robot team, and designed a simplified computer simulation of an urban search and rescue task accordingly. A human participant and a virtual robot were instructed to discover how to collaboratively free victims from the rubbles of an earthquake. The virtual robot was designed to be able to real-time learn which actions best contributed to good team performance. The interactions between human participants and robots were recorded. The observations revealed patterns of interaction used by human and robot in order to adapt their behavior to the task and to one another. Results therefore show that our task environment enables us to study co-learning, and suggest that more participant adaptation improved robot learning and thus team level learning. The identified interaction patterns can emerge in similar task contexts, forming a first description and analysis method for co-learning. Moreover, the identification of interaction patterns support awareness among team members, providing the foundation for human-robot communication about the co-adaptation (i.e., the second stage of co-learning). Future research will focus on these human-robot communication processes for co-learning.

Development of a German-Language Questionnaire to Measure Collective Orientation as an Individual Attitude

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
German Language ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Collective Orientation ◽  
Team Research ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The individual attitudes of every single team member are important for team performance. Studies show that each team member’s collective orientation – that is, propensity to work in a collective manner in team settings – enhances the team’s interdependent teamwork. In the German-speaking countries, there was previously no instrument to measure collective orientation. So, I developed and validated a German-language instrument to measure collective orientation. In three studies (N = 1028), I tested the validity of the instrument in terms of its internal structure and relationships with other variables. The results confirm the reliability and validity of the instrument. The instrument also predicts team performance in terms of interdependent teamwork. I discuss differences in established individual variables in team research and the role of collective orientation in teams. In future research, the instrument can be applied to diagnose teamwork deficiencies and evaluate interventions for developing team members’ collective orientation.

The Relationship Between Leader–Member Exchange and Employees’ Proactive Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Fong-Yi Lai ◽  
Szu-Chi Lu ◽  
Cheng-Chen Lin ◽  
Yu-Chin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. The present study proposed that, unlike prior leader–member exchange (LMX) research which often implicitly assumed that each leader develops equal-quality relationships with their supervisors (leader’s LMX; LLX), every leader develops different relationships with their supervisors and, in turn, receive different amounts of resources. Moreover, these differentiated relationships with superiors will influence how leader–member relationship quality affects team members’ voice and creativity. We adopted a multi-temporal (three wave) and multi-source (leaders and employees) research design. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 227 bank employees working in 52 departments. Results of the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis showed that LLX moderates the relationship between LMX and team members’ voice behavior and creative performance. Strengths, limitations, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.

The Contingent Effect of Team Composition on the Performance of Entrepreneurial Teams

2019 ◽  
pp. 654-680
Author(s):  
Serghei Musaji ◽  
Julio De Castro
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Team Composition ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Diversity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Active Debate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the continuous interest in studying entrepreneurial teams, the relationship between team composition and, particularly, team diversity and performance remains fertile ground for active debate. Taking roots in the knowledge-based view and organizational learning literatures, this chapter argues that performance in entrepreneurial teams is contingent on (a) the overlap between team members’ knowledge/competences and the content of the performed tasks, (b) the duplication of the team members’ knowledge in the areas with that content, (c) the nature of tasks (exploration or exploitation), (d) the team’s flexibility to adapt to changes in the content and nature of those tasks, and (e) the rate of environmental change. Because an important source of ambiguity in the understanding of how team diversity and performance are linked ties to issues of how team diversity is conceptualized and operationalized, the chapter also proposes a new way of looking at diversity in future research.

scholarly journals Attending to Methodological Challenges in Qualitative Research to Foster Participation of Individuals with Chronic Critical Illness and Communication Impairments

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 233339362110000
Author(s):  
Fuchsia Howard ◽  
Sarah Crowe ◽  
Scott Beck ◽  
Gregory Haljan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpretive Description ◽  
Study Participation ◽  
Chronic Critical Illness ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Communication Impairments

Individuals with chronic critical illness experience multiple complex physiological disturbances including ongoing respiratory failure, requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, and thus communication impairments. In conducting a qualitative interpretive description study, we sought to ensure that individuals with chronic critical illness themselves were included as participants. Our commitment to recruiting these individuals to the study and ensuring their data meaningfully informed the analysis and findings required us to reconsider and challenge some of the traditional notions of high-quality qualitative research and develop appropriate practical strategies. These strategies included: (1) centering participant abilities and preferences, (2) adopting a flexible approach to conducting interviews, (3) engaging in a therapeutic relationship, and (4) valuing “thin” data. In this article, we extend existing literature describing the complexities of conducting research with individuals with communication impairments and strategies to consider in the hopes of informing future research with other populations historically excluded from study participation.

How project managers can encourage and develop positive emotions in project teams

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Emil Berg ◽  
Jan Terje Karlsen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Signature Strengths ◽  
Positive Meaning

Purpose – This study provides insight into how project managers can use leadership tools to encourage and develop positive emotions among the project team members toward greater overall project success. The purpose of this paper is to provide the engineering industry with a closer look at how positive emotions can create good team member relations, reduce stress, develop clearer roles, creativity and joy at the workplace. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical data were obtained using in-depth interviews of three experienced project managers. Findings – The empirical data give insight as to how project managers can use their signature strengths. Additionally, the data also show how they can evolve and draw on positive meaning, positive emotions and positive relations. Various examples of positive meaning, positive emotions, positive relations and signature strengths have been identified and discussed. Research limitations/implications – Future research should apply a more comprehensive research design, for example a survey using a larger sample, so that these findings may be generalized. Practical implications – The paper contributes to portray and analyze positive psychology in a project management setting. Additionally, the paper assists understanding the connections among positive meaning, positive emotions, positive relations and signature strengths by presenting and discussing a model. Originality/value – This research extends current understanding of how project managers use their signature strengths to encourage and develop positive emotions in project teams.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Hospital Pharmacists Concerning Clinical Research: A Survey Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Lee ◽  
Karen Dahri ◽  
Tim T Y Lau ◽  
Stephen Shalansky
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Pharmacists ◽  
Conducting Research

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have attempted to determine the proportion of Canadian hospital pharmacists involved in clinical research, despite a general consensus that research should be an essential component of a pharmacist’s professional role.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective was to characterize the involvement in clinical pharmacy research of hospital pharmacists in the 4 health authorities of the Lower Mainland of British Columbia (collectively known as the Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services). The secondary objective was to identify perceived barriers to conducting research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pharmacists employed within Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services were invited to participate in an online cross-sectional survey, for completion in August and September 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Groups of survey participants were compared to examine differences in measured outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 534 pharmacists were surveyed, with a response rate of 16% (85/534). Overall, 77% (55/71) of the respondents reported having participated in research, and 87% (62/71) expressed interest in conducting future research. Chart reviews (78%, 36/46) and surveys (41%, 19/46) were the most common study designs used in prior research. Participants self-identified their research-related strengths as literature evaluation (46%, 27/59) and hypothesis generation (44%, 26/59). Conversely, 81% (48/59) of respondents self-identified statistical analysis as a weakness. Most respondents stated that personal satisfaction (82%, 49/60) and the opportunity to learn about disease states (78%, 47/60) were the driving factors for conducting research. The most commonly cited barrier to conducting research was lack of time (92%, 55/60). Opportunities to join existing teams (73%, 44/60) and mentorship programs (70%, 42/60) were identified as the most popular arrangements for encouraging future research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most of the pharmacists who responded to this survey reported having participated in clinical pharmacy research, but a lack of dedicated time appears to be a major hurdle to greater research participation. A targeted program increasing exposure to existing research teams and mentorship opportunities is recommended for promoting future research.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte : </strong>Peu d’études ont cherché à déterminer la proportion de “pharmaciens d’hôpitaux canadiens qui contribuent à la recherché clinique, et ce, malgré un consensus voulant que la recherche doive être un élément essentiel du rôle professionnel des pharmaciens.</p><p><strong>Objectifs : </strong>L’objectif principal était d’offrir un portrait de la contribution à la recherche sur la pharmacie clinique des pharmaciens d’hôpitaux des quatre régies régionales des basses-terres continentales de la Colombie-Britannique (appelées collectivement <em>Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services</em>, c.-à-d. services de pharmacie des basses-terres continentales). L’objectif secondaire était de recenser les éléments perçus comme des obstacles à la réalisation de recherches.</p><p><strong>Méthodes : </strong>Les pharmaciens employés au sein des services de pharmacie des basses-terres continentales ont été invités à participer par voie électronique à une enquête transversale qui devait être complétée en août et en septembre 2015. Des statistiques descriptives ont été employées pour analyser les résultats. On a aussi comparé des groupes de participants à l’enquête afin d’examiner les différences entre les résultats mesurés.</p><p><strong>Résultats : </strong>Au total, 534 pharmaciens ont été sondés et le taux de réponse était de 16 % (85/534). Dans l’ensemble, 77 % (55/71) des répondants indiquaient avoir participé à des recherches et 87 % (62/71) souhaitaient faire de la recherche dans l’avenir. L’analyse de dossiers médicaux (78 %, 36/46) et les sondages (41 %, 19/46) représentaient les plans d’étude les plus utilisés par les répondants au cours de recherches antérieures. Les participants ont indiqué que leurs forces en lien avec la recherche étaient leur capacité d’évaluer la littérature (46 %, 27/59) et de formuler des hypothèses (44 %, 26/59). En revanche, 81 % (48/59) ont signalé l’analyse statistique comme leur point faible. La plupart des répondants croyaient que la satisfaction personnelle (82 %, 49/60) et la perspective d’acquérir des connaissances sur les maladies (78 %, 47/60) représentaient les principaux facteurs les motivant à faire de la recherche. Ce qui était évoqué le plus souvent comme un obstacle à la recherche était le manqué de temps (92 %, 55/60). Les occasions de se joindre à des équipes en place (73 %, 44/60) et les programmes de mentorat (70 %, 42/60) ont été désignés comme les dispositions les plus attrayantes pour encourager à poursuivre de futures recherches.</p><strong>Conclusions : </strong>La plupart des pharmaciens ayant répondu au sondage ont indiqué avoir contribué à des recherches en pharmacie clinique, mais le manque de temps réservé pour la recherche semblait être un obstacle important à une plus grande participation aux activités de recherche. Un programme ciblé multipliant les possibilités de fréquenter des équipes de recherche déjà établies et offrant plus d’occasions de mentorat serait une façon de promouvoir de futures recherches.

scholarly journals Intersectional Discrimination: Definition, Scope, and Migration Research from the perspective of Intersectionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Migration Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Migration

Along with the widespread rise in immigration and the increase in the number of immigrants, academic interest in migration research has also grown. Although there are many studies conducted in various fields, the number of studies who approached migration from an intersectional perspective is rather small. The number of studies approaching migration and the social psychological processes of migrants from the perspective of intersectionality is even smaller in Turkey. Considering the large number of immigrants in Turkey, it is obviously essential to understand and study intersectionality in these particular contexts. Therefore, this article is written to explicate the concept of intersectionality and review migration studies adopting an intersectional approach. The basis of the concept of intersectionality, historical background that led to the birth of it, its subtypes as well as the importance of race, class and gender in intersectionality are among the issues discussed in this article. Moreover, with respect to migration studies from the perspective of intersectionality, studies conducted in various culturally diverse countries are outlined. The last but not the least, the prominence of conducting research on intersectionality in the Turkish context is also emphasized. In this review, we aim to present the literature to students and academics in the field as well as to provide direction for future research. Keywords: Migration, intersectionality, intersectional discrimination

scholarly journals A Humanoid Robot’s Effortful Adaptation Boosts Partners’ Commitment to an Interactive Teaching Task

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alessia Vignolo ◽  
Henry Powell ◽  
Francesco Rea ◽  
Alessandra Sciutti ◽  
Luke Mcellin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Teaching ◽  
Human Participant ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Adaptive Condition

We tested the hypothesis that, if a robot apparently invests effort in teaching a new skill to a human participant, the human participant will reciprocate by investing more effort in teaching the robot a new skill, too. To this end, we devised a scenario in which the iCub and a human participant alternated in teaching each other new skills. In the Adaptive condition of the robot teaching phase , the iCub slowed down its movements when repeating a demonstration for the human learner, whereas in the Unadaptive condition it sped the movements up when repeating the demonstration. In a subsequent participant teaching phase , human participants were asked to give the iCub a demonstration, and then to repeat it if the iCub had not understood. We predicted that in the Adaptive condition , participants would reciprocate the iCub’s adaptivity by investing more effort to slow down their movements and to increase segmentation when repeating their demonstration. The results showed that this was true when participants experienced the Adaptive condition after the Unadaptive condition and not when the order was inverted, indicating that participants were particularly sensitive to the changes in the iCub’s level of commitment over the course of the experiment.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Assessment Modeling 
of Partnership Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Seto ◽  
Kristin Medlin
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
University Partnerships ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Data Points ◽  
High Level

What does it mean to be in a strong partnership? Using Collaboratory’s national dataset of community engagement data, we explored partnerships between higher education institutions and the community organizations with which they are partnered. Our goals were to 1- understand what quantitative characteristics from Collaboratory denote ‘strong’ community-university partnerships, 2- use those characteristics to create an algorithmic assessment model to identify the strongest partnerships in the Collaboratory dataset, and 3- reveal common themes that practitioners can leverage to cultivate stronger and more resilient partnerships. With input from Collaboratory administrators, community engagement professionals, and institutional research team members, we identified four quantitative data points in Collaboratory data that we combined into a partnership strength model. The model identified 99 out of 2,083 community-university partnerships that might be classified as high-strength. The model’s results represent an initial jumping-off point for future research, including qualitative assessment of the 99 strongest partnerships to validate the model. Additionally, we argue that quantitative assessment of qualitative partnerships is by no means a silver bullet, but instead represents a pragmatic method of high-level assessment and quick filtering of large datasets of qualitative partnership data that would otherwise be prohibitively time-consuming.

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Analysis of Dropbox on Scopus Publication

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (SI02) ◽  
pp. 54-78
Author(s):  
Nor Nashrah Azmi ◽  
Azham Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Digital Storage ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Popular Subject ◽  
Online Storage

Having a considered that online storage and sharing has becoming an essential to organised, stay focused and get in sync contents for all team members to enlighten way to work. Dropbox is the world‟s first smart work space which bring content of all team members together whilst letting users use the tool they want. Dropbox was initiated in 2008. Based on the usefulness and benefits of Dropbox, there are many kinds of research has been conducted on this topic. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the scientific literature and report various types of published documents related to the Dropbox based on the data obtained from the Scopus Database by using Perish software to combine the obtained data, VOS Viewer Software to visualize the obtained data and Microsoft Excel to analysis the obtained data analysis. As of 27thApril 2020, there are 506 documents were retrieved and analysed based on the „key words‟ search result thru database. By using standard bibliometric indicators, this paper reports the documents types, source types, publication years, language of publications, subject area, most active source title, keywords, distribution of publications by countries, authorship, text analysis, most active institutions and citation analysis. As the result show that 1) 81% of the articles were published in conferences proceedings and journals articles. 2) 91% of the articles were published in English. 3) There is an increased growth rate of literature on Dropbox since 1985. However, the growth rate is slightly lower from 2016 until 2018. 4) Computer Science is the most popular subject category with respect to the frequency of citations, Halevi, Harnik, Pinkas and Shulman-Peleg (2011)‟s article appears as the most cited paper with an average of 30.44 citations per year. 5) Keywords of the Digital Storage, Cloud Storages and Cloud Computing were the top three keywords used in the database which represented the main areas of about Dropbox. 6) An analysis by country, The United States (US) is first country published most articles about Dropbox with 138 (27.27%).Meanwhile, 6) a total of 446 (88.14%) articles were published as multi-authored with a mean index of 3.55 authors per paper. Therefore, this research reviews of Dropbox published articles and delivers details of growth of Drop box for these35 years. This may help in potential directions or reference for future research.

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