Healthcare and Physical Education of Children and Youth in Prague 1869–1914

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living ◽

10.3389/fspor.2020.581285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Marek Waic ◽

Dagmar Pavlů

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Physical Development ◽

Capital City ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Legislative Framework ◽

Czech Lands ◽

The 19Th Century

The article focuses on the healthcare and physical education of children and youth in Prague, the capital city of Czech lands, in the period after the Austro-Hungarian compromise of 1867. The legislative framework for children's physical development and healthcare consisted of laws passed by the Imperial Council which were in force throughout the entire region of Cisleithania. Its execution and implementation, however, were the responsibility of the Czech territorial assembly and Prague municipality. The study analyses the environment in which children grew up, the quality of their diet, and their medical care, particularly the activities of school doctors. Further, the text concentrates on the organization and the quality of school physical education. Prague serves as an example of an industrial centre of the Cisleithanian region whose industrial development caused rapid urbanization which limited the possibilities of physical development of children and youth. Until the end of the 19th century, the only possibility of organized exercises was school physical education, and its quality was greatly influenced by the modest spatial conditions of schools. Even at the better-equipped grammar schools, physical education was an optional subject until 1909 and was not taught at most of them at all. As part of the modernization of the empire, the Cisleithanian government supported physical education, also for military reasons. The same was done by the Prague municipality, where care for the physical development and health of children and youth did not become the subject of political disputes.

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Monitoring the physical health of Chinese students in the framework of the state project "Healthy China-2030"

KANT ◽

10.24923/2222-243x.2020-36.76 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 403-407

Author(s):

He Sun ◽

Jiao Wang ◽

Jiheng Zou

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Physical Health ◽

Chinese Students ◽

Physical Development ◽

The State ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Physical Culture ◽

Management Process ◽

Current Monitoring

This article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying problematic aspects of monitoring the physical health of Chinese students and establishing strategic directions for its improvement within the framework of the state project "Healthy China - 2030". In the course of the study, the reasons for the low effectiveness of the current monitoring system were considered in detail, which allowed us to identify strategic directions for its modernization, taking into account the prevailing socio-economic conditions in the field of education, physical culture and China as a whole. The significance of this research lies in the established strategic directions, according to which it is possible to implement a number of measures that will significantly improve the quality of monitoring the physical development and fitness of Chinese students and improve the management process in the field of physical education.

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The reclamation history of the biological resources of the Volga river from the references to 1917

Trudy VNIRO ◽

10.36038/2307-3497-2020-181-144-164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 ◽

pp. 144-164

Author(s):

A.I. Glubokov ◽

◽

V.V. Smirnov ◽

M.A. Sedova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Industrial Development ◽

Neolithic Period ◽

The Caspian Sea ◽

Volga River ◽

Biological Resources ◽

Domestic Trade ◽

Russian State ◽

Legislative Framework ◽

History Of ◽

The 19Th Century

The history of the development of the biological resources of the Volga River is reflected from the first records until 1917. The Neolithic period is described in detail, based on archaeological researches in the Upper Volga region. The ancient Slavs especially valued sturgeons. The main fishing centers were located in the area of the current city Rybinsk. During the Mongol-Tatar yoke, bread and fish were the main items of domestic trade. After the capture of Astrakhan in 1554, control over the fisheries on the Volga River was completely transferred to the Russian state. In 1660, they began to legislatively regulate the relations between fishery and treasury. Since 1721, many ukases and decrees have been issued with the aim of restoring order in the fisheries of the Volga-Caspian basin. In 1768–1774, a large expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences was organized to study “all three kingdoms of nature”, including regions along the Volga River and the Caspian Sea. From the twenties of the 19th century, the period of industrial development of the biological resources of the Volga and the Caspian began and as a result, by the end of the century, the industrial fishing zone was rolling down from the upper river to the orifice, and also a quantitative reduction in fish production was observed, including a decrease in the number of large fish in catches. In 1862, according to the results of the expedition 1853–1858 N. Ya. Danilevsky compiled a project for the construction of the Caspian and Volga fisheries. The review includes data on the formation of the legislative framework for fisheries and the first attempts to preserve and restore stocks of aquatic biological resources in the Volga basin.

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Evaluation of the Urbanization Quality and Analysis of Improving Countermeasures of the Shi Yang River Basin

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2581 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 2581-2586

Author(s):

Hai Long Liu ◽

Pei Ji Shi ◽

Li Chen ◽

Hai Meng Liu

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

River Basin ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Assessment System ◽

Space Distribution ◽

Economic Competition ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

The People ◽

Project Construction

This paper constructed the urbanization quality assessment system about the quality of urbanization from four aspects on the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign, the economy, the people's livelihood, urban and rural integration and sustainable development, and evaluated the urbanization quality of six districts (counties) of Shi Yang River Basin in 2001—2010 using the entropy value method. Evaluation results showed that, the urbanization quality of Shi Yang River Basin was rising and the space distribution differences are significant. Economic competition degree, people happiness degree, urban and rural integrated degree and sustainable development degree together decided the urbanization quality of the Shi Yang River Basin. But the contribution function varied and there was not the corresponding relation with each other. It should improve the urbanization quality and promote the healthy and rapid urbanization pushing in the construction of urbanization of the s Shi Yang River Basin from the characteristic industrial development, the livelihood of the people project construction, the coordination of urban and rural development and urban ecological environment construction.

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Measurement of spatial order as an indicator of sustainable development of functional urban areas in regional capitals

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum ◽

10.31648/aspal.6536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Patrycja Szarek-Iwaniuk

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Capital City ◽

Spatial Order ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Local Problems ◽

Surrounding Areas

The preservation of spatial order is one of the key objectives of spatial planning. Due to the dynamic changes associated with rapid urbanization, special attention should be paid to cities and the surrounding areas. The aim of this study was to measure spatial order in social, economic and environmental dimensions in the Functional Urban Area of Olsztyn, the capital city of the Polish voivodeship of Warmia and Mazury, and to propose indicators for measuring spatial order. Socioeconomic development should be balanced with environmental protection to promote spatial order and improve the quality of life. Functional urban areas should be regularly monitored to ensure that planning measures contribute to the preservation of spatial order, and to minimize local problems and conflicts. The municipalities belonging to functional urban areas should be regarded not only as distinct territorial units, but also as members of a cohesive area whose development in every dimension of spatial order contributes to an improvement in the quality of life for local communities.

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PHYSICAL EDUCATION SPECIALISTS PROFESSIONAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

Cherkasy University Bulletin Pedagogical Sciences ◽

10.31651/2524-2660-2020-2-183-190 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 183-190

Author(s):

Olha ROMANCHUK ◽

◽

Myroslava DANYLEVYCH ◽

Viktoriia HUTSULIAK ◽

Markiyan STEFANYSHYN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Professional Training ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Physical Development ◽

Educational Process ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Physical Educators ◽

Physical Culture ◽

Actual Problem

ntroduction. The article deals with the actual problem of the professional activity of physical educators and the characteristics of preparation for its effective performance. The purpose of the study is to analyzethe development peculiarities of the system of professional training for the specialists in physical education in Ukraine at different historical stages of its formation. The research methods used to achieve the goal are as follows: theoretical and general analysis of scientific and scientific-pedagogical literature, documentary method, method of system analysis, comparative method. Results. The issue of all-round physical development of young generations and formation of their physical culture is one ofthe vital current problems, the solution of which is the task of numerous scientific fields, including pedagogy, psychology, philosophy, medicine. The scientific research of the issue has resulted in a variety of theories, concepts and methods of physicaleducation that provide children and youth with the appropriate basis for their physical development and the enhancement of their physical strength and capabilities. Simultaneously, it is undeniable that no concept of physical education of the younger generations can be fully implemented without the trained professionals, playing a leading role in organization and implementation of the educational process. Formation of physical culture aimed at maintenance and promotion of health, and improvement of physical qualities for the purpose of harmonious development of an individual, is impossible without highly qualified specialists. Originality. The article describes the state of personnel provision in the sphere of school physical education in Ukraine during the XIX-XXI centuries, the practice of organizing the professional training process for physical educators, and the directions of its improvement in accordance with the current needs of the school and society. The peculiarity of the process is the high levelof direction differentiation in modern Ukrainian historiography of the specialists training in physical education of children and youth. Many historical and pedagogical researches deal with the theory and practice of professional training for pedagogical staff in physical education. The research heritage of outstanding educators of the past is a valuable source of information for modern researchers of professional training for pedagogical staff in physical education. Conclusions. Scientists are primarily focusing on studying the theoretical and methodological principles of professional training for the specialists in physical education, emphasizing the numerous contradictions in the system of professional training for pedagogical staff in physical education, which solving requires a careful consideration and defining the constructive ways of their solution.

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MEANS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Modern School ◽

10.31499/2706-6258.2(6).2021.247515 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Alla Zaliznyak

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Preschool Education ◽

Physical Development ◽

The Body ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Mental Work ◽

The Impact

The article examines the means of physical education. The author analyzed the programs of physical education, where specific objectives and content of physical education of children of preschool age were determined. The research proves that the physical education of children in institutions of preschool education cannot be spontaneous or disorganized. Successful completion of the objectives of physical education depends on the following combination of different physical means: physical activities, hygienic factors and healing forces of nature. It is introduced by the author that healing forces of nature (air, the Sun, water) are widely-used to strengthen the health and body of a child.Strengthening of the health and body in everyday life is facilitated by rationally selected clothes, shoes, bedding; optimal temperature; regular aeration; use of cool water for washing hands, face, mouth and throat rinsing.The importance of hygienic factors that increase the effectiveness of the impact of exercise on the human body is outlined. All parts and systems of the body develop better when the premises where they exercise meet the standards of hygiene and proper nutrition is organized. The fact of failure to meet the requirements of cleanliness of the premises, area, sports equipment, toys, clothing and footwear can cause various diseases in children and reduce the positive impact of exercise. Moreover, the use of physical means of physical education in the lifestyle of children will not only promote their physical development but also intensify mental work in the learning process.The findings confirm that successful physical education of children depends on the quality of the use of physical education in the pedagogical process of preschool education. Keywords: physical education; physical development; means of physical education; healing forces of nature; hygienic forces of nature; physical exercises; objectives of physical education; preschool children.

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Eating Out in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Changes in Food and in Social Identities

10.1093/oso/9780198826187.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Christel Lane

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Social Identities ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

General Terms ◽

Quality Of Food ◽

Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽

Eating Out ◽

Gender And Nation ◽

The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of rapid urbanization and industrialization on food and eating out. It draws attention to the growing standardization of food and, with greater class differentiation, to the growing diversity in eating-out venues. Class, gender, and nation are again used as lenses to understand the different eating-out habits and their symbolic significance. Towards the end of the twentieth century, pubs moved more fully towards embracing dining. However, the quality of food, in general terms, began to improve significantly only towards the end of the century, and hospitality venues also moved towards selling food from diverse national origins.

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Implementing Service-Learning Programs in Physical Education; Teacher Education as Teaching and Learning Models for All the Agents Involved: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020669 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 669

Author(s):

Raquel Pérez-Ordás ◽

Alberto Nuviala ◽

Alberto Grao-Cruces ◽

Antonio Fernández-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Teacher Education ◽

Physical Education ◽

Service Learning ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Physical Education Teacher ◽

Education Teacher ◽

Physical Education Teacher Education ◽

The Impact

Service-learning (SL) is the subject of a growing number of studies and is becoming increasingly popular in physical education teacher education (PETE) programs. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the implementation of SL programs with PETE students. The databases used were Web of Science, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), and SCOPUS. Articles were selected on the basis of the following criteria: (a) published in a peer-reviewed journal; (b) covers the use of SL programs with PETE students; (c) relates to physical education or physical activity programs; (d) availability of a full-text version in English and/or Spanish. Thirty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Two types of findings were observed: firstly, findings relating to the study characteristics and objectives and, secondly, recommendations for improvement of this type of intervention. The objectives of the different studies focused on (a) the impact of the SL methodology on PETE students’ professional, social, and personal skills; (b) its impact on the community; (c) analysis of the effectiveness and quality of the programs. All but two studies analyzed the impact of SL on PETE, while only four analyzed community participants and only three analyzed the quality of the SL program. Recommendations for improving SL programs used with PETE students included: all stakeholders, e.g., students and community participants, should be studied and coordinated; the quality of the programs should be assessed, as studying the effectiveness of SL programs could help to attain the objectives of both students and the community; mixed methods should be used; and intervention implementation periods should be extended to provide more objective, controlled measurements.

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