scholarly journals Valorization of Seafood Processing Discards: Bioconversion and Bio-Refinery Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Algal Biotechnology ◽  
Sustainable Seafood ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
Seafood Industry ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Seafood Processing

The seafood industry generates large volumes of waste. These include processing discards consisting of shell, head, bones intestine, fin, skin, voluminous amounts of wastewater discharged as effluents, and low-value under-utilized fish, which are caught as by-catch of commercial fishing operations. The discards, effluents, and by-catch are rich in nutrients including proteins, amino acids, lipids containing good proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carotenoids, and minerals. The seafood waste is, therefore, responsible for loss of nutrients and serious environmental hazards. It is important that the waste is subjected to secondary processing and valorization to address the problems. Although chemical processes are available for waste treatment, most of these processes have inherent weaknesses. Biological treatments, however, are environmentally friendly, safe, and cost-effective. Biological treatments are based on bioconversion processes, which help with the recovery of valuable ingredients from by-catch, processing discards, and effluents, without losing their inherent bioactivities. Major bioconversion processes make use of microbial fermentations or actions of exogenously added enzymes on the waste components. Recent developments in algal biotechnology offer novel processes for biotransformation of nutrients as single cell proteins, which can be used as feedstock for the recovery of valuable ingredients and also biofuel. Bioconversion options in conjunction with a bio-refinery approach have potential for eco-friendly and economical management of seafood waste that can support sustainable seafood production.

Fishers, Fishing, and Overfishing: American Experiences in Global Perspective, 1976–2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansel G. Blackford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Seafood Industry ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Seafood Processing

Since the mid-1970s, overfishing has had a considerable impact on the American seafood industry, and companies serving the American seafood market have taken steps to respond to the crisis. Following a brief survey of modern-day fishing and of the steps that have been taken to mitigate overfishing, the strategies adopted for commercial fishing in American waters, especially those in Alaska, are examined. Through their attempts to deal with the challenges posed by overfishing, fishers, seafood-processing and wholesaling companies, and retailers have fundamentally altered the industry. In conclusion, a summary of studies by historians and other scholars of fishery matters is followed by suggestions for historical research on the topic. Historians are reminded of the need to consider environmental factors when writing about business developments.

scholarly journals Estimating Copy-Number Proportions: The Comeback of Sanger Sequencing

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Eyal Seroussi
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Recent Developments

Determination of the relative copy numbers of mixed molecular species in nucleic acid samples is often the objective of biological experiments, including Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), indel and gene copy-number characterization, and quantification of CRISPR-Cas9 base editing, cytosine methylation, and RNA editing. Standard dye-terminator chromatograms are a widely accessible, cost-effective information source from which copy-number proportions can be inferred. However, the rate of incorporation of dye terminators is dependent on the dye type, the adjacent sequence string, and the secondary structure of the sequenced strand. These variable rates complicate inferences and have driven scientists to resort to complex and costly quantification methods. Because these complex methods introduce their own biases, researchers are rethinking whether rectifying distortions in sequencing trace files and using direct sequencing for quantification will enable comparable accurate assessment. Indeed, recent developments in software tools (e.g., TIDE, ICE, EditR, BEEP and BEAT) indicate that quantification based on direct Sanger sequencing is gaining in scientific acceptance. This commentary reviews the common obstacles in quantification and the latest insights and developments relevant to estimating copy-number proportions based on direct Sanger sequencing, concluding that bidirectional sequencing and sophisticated base calling are the keys to identifying and avoiding sequence distortions.

scholarly journals A Reference Framework to Combine Model-Based Design and AR to Improve Social Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2031
Author(s):  
Fabio Grandi ◽  
Riccardo Karim Khamaisi ◽  
Margherita Peruzzini ◽  
Roberto Raffaeli ◽  
Marcello Pellicciari
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Digital Contents ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Virtual Simulations ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Information

Product and process digitalization is pervading numerous areas in the industry to improve quality and reduce costs. In particular, digital models enable virtual simulations to predict product and process performances, as well as to generate digital contents to improve the general workflow. Digital models can also contain additional contents (e.g., model-based design (MBD)) to provide online and on-time information about process operations and management, as well as to support operator activities. The recent developments in augmented reality (AR) offer new specific interfaces to promote the great diffusion of digital contents into industrial processes, thanks to flexible and robust applications, as well as cost-effective devices. However, the impact of AR applications on sustainability is still poorly explored in research. In this direction, this paper proposed an innovative approach to exploit MBD and introduce AR interfaces in the industry to support human intensive processes. Indeed, in those processes, the human contribution is still crucial to guaranteeing the expected product quality (e.g., quality inspection). The paper also analyzed how this new concept can benefit sustainability and define a set of metrics to assess the positive impact on sustainability, focusing on social aspects.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Biosensors in Food Safety: Challenges and Perspectives

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2940
Author(s):  
Antonella Curulli
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues

Safety and quality are key issues for the food industry. Consequently, there is growing demand to preserve the food chain and products against substances toxic, harmful to human health, such as contaminants, allergens, toxins, or pathogens. For this reason, it is mandatory to develop highly sensitive, reliable, rapid, and cost-effective sensing systems/devices, such as electrochemical sensors/biosensors. Generally, conventional techniques are limited by long analyses, expensive and complex procedures, and skilled personnel. Therefore, developing performant electrochemical biosensors can significantly support the screening of food chains and products. Here, we report some of the recent developments in this area and analyze the contributions produced by electrochemical biosensors in food screening and their challenges.

Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Used in Algal High Rate Oxidation Pond Treatment of Saline Organic Effluents with the Recovery of Products of Value

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Rose ◽  
B. A. Maart ◽  
T. D. Phillips ◽  
S. L. Tucker ◽  
A. K. Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Algal Biotechnology ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Flow Filtration

An algal high rate oxidation ponding process for treating organic s present in saline effluents has been described. The extreme halophile Dunaliella salina can be made to predominate in the system by manipulating salinity, producing products of value together with a waste treatment function. Application in treating tannery saline organic wastes was examined. Techniques appropriate for the harvesting of micro-algae from this and other algal production systems presents a limiting factor in the development of algal biotechnology. Cross-flow filtration was evaluated as a technique for micro-algal cell separation. Both microfiltration and ultrafiltration were found to produce effective algal removal from the medium, Cross-flow ultrafiltration with a polyethersulfone coated tubular filter produced effective separation with the production of cell concentrates in a viable condition. Flux rates of 30 - 40 LMH fall within acceptable levels for application in industrial processes. Cell shattering observed with microfiltration precludes its use for recovering whole or viable cell concentrates.

Training Development for Complex Cognitive Tasks

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1261-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Ryder ◽  
Richard E. Redding ◽  
Peter F. Beckschi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Instructional Systems ◽  
Training Development ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Training Methodologies ◽  
Complex Cognitive Skills

This study evaluated current training methodologies, particularly Instructional Systems Development (ISD), and recent developments in cognitive science to determine how training procedures should be modified to support training for tasks which require complex cognitive skills. We contend that ISD is still viable if procedures are developed for the training of cognitive skills. An important component of ISD which needs to be modified to support training of cognitive skills is the task analysis. We discuss the need for integrating efficient and cost-effective cognitive task analysis methodologies with traditional analysis methods.

scholarly journals Fowl play and the price of petrel: long-living Procellariiformes have peroxidation-resistant membrane composition compared with short-living Galliformes

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A Buttemer ◽  
Harry Battam ◽  
A.J Hulbert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Physiological Trait ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Membrane Pacemaker ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Peroxidation Index

The membrane pacemaker hypothesis predicts that long-living species will have more peroxidation-resistant membrane lipids than shorter living species. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the fatty acid composition of heart phospholipids from long-living Procellariiformes (petrels and albatrosses) to those of shorter living Galliformes (fowl). The seabirds were obtained from by-catch of commercial fishing operations and the fowl values from published data. The 3.8-fold greater predicted longevity of the seabirds was associated with elevated content of peroxidation-resistant monounsaturates and reduced content of peroxidation-prone polyunsaturates and, consequently, a significantly reduced peroxidation index in heart membrane lipids, compared with fowl. Peroxidation-resistant membrane composition may be an important physiological trait for longevous species.

scholarly journals Consuming sustainable seafood: guidelines, recommendations and realities

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K Farmery ◽  
Gabrielle O’Kane ◽  
Alexandra McManus ◽  
Bridget S Green
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Seafood Industry ◽  
Consumption Advice

AbstractObjectiveEncouraging people to eat more seafood can offer a direct, cost-effective way of improving overall health outcomes. However, dietary recommendations to increase seafood consumption have been criticised following concern over the capacity of the seafood industry to meet increased demand, while maintaining sustainable fish stocks. The current research sought to investigate Australian accredited practising dietitians’ (APD) and public health nutritionists’ (PHN) views on seafood sustainability and their dietary recommendations, to identify ways to better align nutrition and sustainability goals.DesignA self-administered online questionnaire exploring seafood consumption advice, perceptions of seafood sustainability and information sources of APD and PHN. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected via open and closed questions. Quantitative data were analysed with χ2 tests and reported using descriptive statistics. Content analysis was used for qualitative data.SettingAustralia.SubjectsAPD and PHN were targeted to participate; the sample includes respondents from urban and regional areas throughout Australia.ResultsResults indicate confusion around the concept of seafood sustainability and where to obtain information, which may limit health professionals’ ability to recommend the best types of seafood to maximise health and sustainability outcomes. Respondents demonstrated limited understanding of seafood sustainability, with 7·5 % (n 6/80) satisfied with their level of understanding.ConclusionsNutrition and sustainability goals can be better aligned by increasing awareness on seafood that is healthy and sustainable. For health professionals to confidently make recommendations, or identify trade-offs, more evidence-based information needs to be made accessible through forums such as dietetic organisations, industry groups and nutrition programmes.

scholarly journals Optical Camera Communications: Principles, Modulations, Potential and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Willy Anugrah Cahyadi ◽  
Yeon Ho Chung ◽  
Zabih Ghassemlooy ◽  
Navid Bani Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Visible Light Communications ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Optical Wireless Communications ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Technical Issues

Optical wireless communications (OWC) are emerging as cost-effective and practical solutions to the congested radio frequency-based wireless technologies. As part of OWC, optical camera communications (OCC) have become very attractive, considering recent developments in cameras and the use of fitted cameras in smart devices. OCC together with visible light communications (VLC) is considered within the framework of the IEEE 802.15.7m standardization. OCCs based on both organic and inorganic light sources as well as cameras are being considered for low-rate transmissions and localization in indoor as well as outdoor short-range applications and within the framework of the IEEE 802.15.7m standardization together with VLC. This paper introduces the underlying principles of OCC and gives a comprehensive overview of this emerging technology with recent standardization activities in OCC. It also outlines the key technical issues such as mobility, coverage, interference, performance enhancement, etc. Future research directions and open issues are also presented.

Civil Marine Radar – A Review and a Way Ahead

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Short History ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Marine Radar

Civil Marine Radar (CMR) is now a mature instrument of some 50 years steady development. Following a short history, more to provide benchmarks of achievement than to satisfy historians, this paper examines what will drive the future development of CMR. The answer may not follow recent developments, but may well be the result of a fresh maritime modus operandi to fulfil the navigation, collision avoidance and safe passage needs of all types of craft operating in all types of water with different pressures and Operational Requirements (ORS). Having postulated fresh ORS, suggestions are made on how best to fulfil them in a logical and cost-effective manner.

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