scholarly journals Electrochemical Biosensors in Food Safety: Challenges and Perspectives

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2940
Author(s):  
Antonella Curulli
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues

Safety and quality are key issues for the food industry. Consequently, there is growing demand to preserve the food chain and products against substances toxic, harmful to human health, such as contaminants, allergens, toxins, or pathogens. For this reason, it is mandatory to develop highly sensitive, reliable, rapid, and cost-effective sensing systems/devices, such as electrochemical sensors/biosensors. Generally, conventional techniques are limited by long analyses, expensive and complex procedures, and skilled personnel. Therefore, developing performant electrochemical biosensors can significantly support the screening of food chains and products. Here, we report some of the recent developments in this area and analyze the contributions produced by electrochemical biosensors in food screening and their challenges.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Biosensors in Food Safety: Challenges and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Curulli
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Key Issues

Safety and quality are key issues for the food industry. Consequently, there is a growing demand to preserve the food chain and products against substances toxic, harmful to human health such as contaminants, allergens, toxins, or pathogens. For this reason, it is mandatory to develop highly sensitive, reliable, rapid, and cost-effective sensing systems/devices such as electrochemical sensors/biosensors. Generally, conventional techniques are limited by long time of analyses, expensive and complex procedures, and they require skilled personnel. Therefore, the development of performant electrochemical biosensors can significantly support the screening of food chain and products. Here, we report some of the recent developments in this area and analyze the contributions produced by electrochemical biosensors in the food screening and the challenges to address.

A review of the advanced developments of electrochemical sensors for the detection of toxic and bioactive molecules

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3418-3439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasu Ramachandran ◽  
Tse-Wei Chen ◽  
Shen-Ming Chen ◽  
Thangaraj Baskar ◽  
Ramanjam Kannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nitro Compounds ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Recent Developments

The recent developments made regarding the novel, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly nanocatalysts for the electrochemical sensing of biomolecules, pesticides, nitro compounds and heavy metal ions are discussed in this review article.

scholarly journals Metal and Metal Oxide Based Advanced Ceramics for Electrochemical Biosensors-A Short Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bala Subbaiah ◽  
K. Venkata Ratnam ◽  
S. Janardhan ◽  
K. Shiprath ◽  
H. Manjunatha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Advanced Ceramics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Particulate Reinforced

Identifying and quantifying the biological concentrations of certain biomolecules such as dopamine, glucose, tyrosine, and cholesterol, etc. has become the basis for medical diagnosis in the treatment of a number of related diseases. In most cases, the concentrations of these biomolecules in biofluids like blood acts as a biomarker and becomes crucial in the treatment of diseases. On the other hand, advanced ceramics refers to oxides (alumina, zirconia), non-oxides: (carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides), Composites (particulate reinforced combinations of oxides and non-oxides), etc. This review article discusses recent developments in the field of electrochemical sensors developed using metal and metal oxide based advanced ceramics with an emphasis on developments in the field over the past five years. The article presents the key results, important findings, and interesting chemistry of biosensing advanced ceramic based electrochemical biosensors for some important biomolecules such as acetaminophen, glucose, and dopamine, etc.

THE NEGOTIATED PRICE OF CERTAINTY—RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NATIVE TITLE AGREEMENTS AFFECTING THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
E.J. Vickery
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Native Title ◽  
Negotiated Agreements ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Cooper Basin

Development of Native Title agreements for Petroleum continues in parallel with the release of Court decisions on the law of Native Title. Negotiated agreements for three bidding rounds in the South Australian region of the Cooper Basin are now concluded, with exploration underway there and some new commercial production.These agreements were negotiated under the Commonwealth Native Title Act’s ‘Right to Negotiate’. Agreed resolutions are virtually demanded by the competing tensions within the legislative machinery. The need for conjunctivity of title from the exploration to the development stages is now understood and has become accepted by advocates for Native Title claimants. Recent court decisions would appear to ease the path for applications to the National Native Title Tribunal where negotiations fail to reach agreement, expanding the range of strategies open to Petroleum explorers seeking new title grants.Small negotiating teams facilitated progress. Despite a long first negotiation, subsequent negotiations have developed from that experience to form an efficient and cost-effective model which has now been replicated for more than 35 agreements conjunctive for all phases of activity. All those agreements address the key issues of title grants, both initially and consequently upon discoveries, Aboriginal heritage inspections and accommodation, including practical aides of indicative timelines and budgets for the latter, and compensation. Adaptation of these agreements is beginning in other parts of Australia. The temptation of Native Title advocates to test the envelope, however, must be expected with each new negotiation. Contrastingly, both the industry and state government agencies are seeking stabilisation of the terms of negotiated agreements to see how they will work in practice.This paper describes the key terms and temptations encountered so far in this evolving dynamic.

scholarly journals A Review of Methane Gas Detection Sensors: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

Inventions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahani Aldhafeeri ◽  
Manh-Kien Tran ◽  
Reid Vrolyk ◽  
Michael Pope ◽  
Michael Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Developments

Methane, the primary component of natural gas, is a significant contributor to global warming and climate change. It is a harmful greenhouse gas with an impact 28 times greater than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. Preventing methane leakage from transmission pipelines and other oil and gas production activities is a possible solution to reduce methane emissions. In order to detect and resolve methane leaks, reliable and cost-effective sensors need to be researched and developed. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of methane detection sensors, including optical sensors, calorimetric sensors, pyroelectric sensors, semiconducting oxide sensors, and electrochemical sensors. The discussed material includes the definitions, mechanisms and recent developments of these sensors. A comparison between different methods, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each, is also presented to help address future research needs.

scholarly journals Application of Nanocomposites Based on Graphene and Metal Materials in Measurement of Nitrate/Nitrite in Food Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 12769-12783
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites ◽  
Electrocatalytic Effect ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
Metal Nanocomposites

Nitrite (NO2 −) has been broadly applied in industrial and agricultural products; it is often found in various foods, water, environmental systems, and biological samples, though NO2 − is a toxic inorganic contaminant that is hazardous to the health of humans and other organisms. In recent years several approaches have been recommended for detecting and monitoring NO2 − that the electrochemical method is of very attention, among them, due to its easy miniaturization, cost-effective, rapidness, straightforward operation. Graphene nanocomposites have a considerable synergistic electrocatalytic effect toward the nitrite redox, magnifying the electrochemical response signals and improving the sensitivity, selectivity, and feasibility of the nitrite detection in various real samples. In this article, we report the recent developments in electrochemical sensors based on graphene/metal nanocomposites for the measurement of nitrate/nitrite in the food samples and identifying performances, including limit of detection (LOD), detection ranges, pH, sensitivity, stability, and technology used were determined.

A Collaborative Approach to Upgrading to Limits of Technology at the York River Treatment Plant

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Venner ◽  
J. Husband ◽  
J. Noonan ◽  
A. Nelson ◽  
D. Waltrip
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
York River ◽  
Hampton Roads ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Virginia Department

In response to rapid population growth as well as to address the nutrient reduction goals for the Chesapeake Bay established by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ), the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) initiated the York River Treatment Plant (YRTP) Expansion Phase 1 project. The existing YRTP is a conventional step-feed activated sludge plant and is rated for an average daily design flow of 57 million liters per day (MLD). This project proposes to expand the existing treatment capacity to 114 MLD and to reduce the nutrients discharged to the York River, a tributary for the Chesapeake Bay. In order to meet the effluent limits set by the VDEQ, a treatment upgrade to limit of technology (LOT) or enhanced nutrient removal (ENR) was required. Malcolm Pirnie worked with HRSD and the VDEQ to develop and evaluate ENR process alternatives to achieve the required effluent limits with the goal of determining the most reliable and cost effective alternative to achieve the aggressive nutrient reduction goals. This paper will highlight the key issues in determining the most desirable treatment process considering both economic and non-economic factors.

scholarly journals Estimating Copy-Number Proportions: The Comeback of Sanger Sequencing

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Eyal Seroussi
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Recent Developments

Determination of the relative copy numbers of mixed molecular species in nucleic acid samples is often the objective of biological experiments, including Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), indel and gene copy-number characterization, and quantification of CRISPR-Cas9 base editing, cytosine methylation, and RNA editing. Standard dye-terminator chromatograms are a widely accessible, cost-effective information source from which copy-number proportions can be inferred. However, the rate of incorporation of dye terminators is dependent on the dye type, the adjacent sequence string, and the secondary structure of the sequenced strand. These variable rates complicate inferences and have driven scientists to resort to complex and costly quantification methods. Because these complex methods introduce their own biases, researchers are rethinking whether rectifying distortions in sequencing trace files and using direct sequencing for quantification will enable comparable accurate assessment. Indeed, recent developments in software tools (e.g., TIDE, ICE, EditR, BEEP and BEAT) indicate that quantification based on direct Sanger sequencing is gaining in scientific acceptance. This commentary reviews the common obstacles in quantification and the latest insights and developments relevant to estimating copy-number proportions based on direct Sanger sequencing, concluding that bidirectional sequencing and sophisticated base calling are the keys to identifying and avoiding sequence distortions.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Biosensors for Cytokine Profiling: Recent Advancements and Possibilities in the Near Future

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Nirmita Dutta ◽  
Peter B. Lillehoj ◽  
Pedro Estrela ◽  
Gorachand Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Short Period ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Cytokine Profiling

Cytokines are soluble proteins secreted by immune cells that act as molecular messengers relaying instructions and mediating various functions performed by the cellular counterparts of the immune system, by means of a synchronized cascade of signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of cytokines can be indicative of anomalous behavior of the immunoregulatory system, as seen in various illnesses and conditions, such as cancer, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration and other physiological disorders. Cancer and autoimmune diseases are particularly adept at developing mechanisms to escape and modulate the immune system checkpoints, reflected by an altered cytokine profile. Cytokine profiling can provide valuable information for diagnosing such diseases and monitoring their progression, as well as assessing the efficacy of immunotherapeutic regiments. Toward this goal, there has been immense interest in the development of ultrasensitive quantitative detection techniques for cytokines, which involves technologies from various scientific disciplines, such as immunology, electrochemistry, photometry, nanotechnology and electronics. This review focusses on one aspect of this collective effort: electrochemical biosensors. Among the various types of biosensors available, electrochemical biosensors are one of the most reliable, user-friendly, easy to manufacture, cost-effective and versatile technologies that can yield results within a short period of time, making it extremely promising for routine clinical testing.

scholarly journals A Reference Framework to Combine Model-Based Design and AR to Improve Social Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2031
Author(s):  
Fabio Grandi ◽  
Riccardo Karim Khamaisi ◽  
Margherita Peruzzini ◽  
Roberto Raffaeli ◽  
Marcello Pellicciari
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Digital Contents ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Virtual Simulations ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Information

Product and process digitalization is pervading numerous areas in the industry to improve quality and reduce costs. In particular, digital models enable virtual simulations to predict product and process performances, as well as to generate digital contents to improve the general workflow. Digital models can also contain additional contents (e.g., model-based design (MBD)) to provide online and on-time information about process operations and management, as well as to support operator activities. The recent developments in augmented reality (AR) offer new specific interfaces to promote the great diffusion of digital contents into industrial processes, thanks to flexible and robust applications, as well as cost-effective devices. However, the impact of AR applications on sustainability is still poorly explored in research. In this direction, this paper proposed an innovative approach to exploit MBD and introduce AR interfaces in the industry to support human intensive processes. Indeed, in those processes, the human contribution is still crucial to guaranteeing the expected product quality (e.g., quality inspection). The paper also analyzed how this new concept can benefit sustainability and define a set of metrics to assess the positive impact on sustainability, focusing on social aspects.

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