scholarly journals Combining Ability and Molecular Marker Approach Identified Genetic Resources to Improve Agronomic Performance in Coffea arabica Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexsandra Correia Medeiros ◽  
Eveline Teixeira Caixeta ◽  
Antonio Carlos Baião de Oliveira ◽  
Tiago Vieira Sousa ◽  
Vinícius de Moura Stock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Parent Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Plant breeding aims to develop cultivars with good agronomic traits through gene recombination and elite genotype selection. To support Coffea arabica breeding programs and assist parent selection, molecular characterization, genetic diversity (GD) analyses, and circulating diallel studies were strategically integrated to develop new cultivars. Molecular markers were used to assess the GD of 76 candidate parents and verify the crossing of potential F1 hybrids. Based on the complementary agronomic traits and genetic distance, eight elite parents were selected for circulating diallel analysis. The parents and 12 hybrids were evaluated based on 10 morpho-agronomic traits. For each trait, the effects of general and specific combining abilities, as well as the averages of the parents, hybrids, and predicted hybrids, were estimated. Crosses that maximize the genetic gains for the main agronomic traits of C. arabica were identified. Joint analysis of phenotypic and molecular data was used to estimate the correlation between molecular GD, phenotypic diversity (PD), phenotypic mean, and combining ability. The selection of parents that optimize the allele combination for the important traits of C. arabica is discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8247
Author(s):  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽  
Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽  
Evangelia Tigka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

Susceptibility of almond (Prunus dulcis) cultivars to twig canker and shoot blight caused by Diaporthe amygdali

Plant Disease ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Beluzán ◽  
Xavier Miarnau ◽  
Laura Torguet ◽  
Lourdes Zazurca ◽  
Paloma Abad-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Twenty-five almond cultivars were assessed for susceptibility to Diaporthe amygdali, causal agent of twig canker and shoot blight disease. In laboratory experiments, growing twigs were inoculated with four D. amygdali isolates. Moreover, growing shoots of almond cultivars grafted onto INRA ‘GF-677’ rootstock were used in four-year field inoculations with one D. amygdali isolate. In both type of experiments, inoculum consisted of agar plugs with mycelium, which were inserted underneath the bark and the lesion lengths caused by the fungus were measured. Necrotic lesions were observed in the inoculated almond cultivars both in laboratory and field tests, confirming the susceptibility of all the evaluated cultivars to all the inoculated isolates of D. amygdali. Cultivars were grouped as susceptible or very susceptible according to a cluster analysis. The relationship between some agronomic traits and cultivar susceptibility was also investigated. Blooming and ripening times were found relevant variables to explain cultivars performance related to D. amygdali susceptibility. Late and very late blooming, and early and medium ripening cultivars were highly susceptible to D. amygdali. Our results may provide valuable information that could assist in ongoing breeding programs of this crop and additionally in the selection of cultivars for new almond plantations.

scholarly journals Direct selection for phenotypic traits in carrot genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
Agnaldo DF de Carvalho ◽  
Giovani O da Silva ◽  
Gabriel E Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Abstract Selection ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Selection of more productive carrot genotypes is fundamental for crop breeding programs aiming to increase productivity and reduce cost production. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate gains from direct selection and to measure its effects on other agronomic traits of interest in carrots. Thirty six carrot genotypes were evaluated in two experiments: the first, sown in the second half of November 2016 and the second one in the first week of March 2017. The experimental plots covered a useful area of 1.5 m2, in transversal rows and 0.10-m double spacing between single rows x 0.20-m between double rows in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. At 90 days, the incidence of leaf blight was evaluated using a note scale and 100 days after sowing, roots were harvested measuring the number and mass of total, commercial and non-commercial roots of each plot. The direct selection of commercial root mass allowed to estimate indirect and expressive gains for most evaluated traits, allowing to select seven genotypes (populations 758, 751, 737, 736, 735, 744 and 742) which can be released as cultivar or for the formation of a broader genetic-based population.

scholarly journals Gene Action and Combing Ability of Some Agronomic Traits in Corn Using Diallel Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Haddadi ◽  
Maqsadollah Esmaeilov ◽  
Rajab Choukan ◽  
Valiollah Rameeh
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Corn Inbred

ABSTRACT Combining ability estimates are important genetic attributes to maize breeders in anticipating improvement via hybridization and selection. To determine the combining ability for yield and yield associated traits, 8 diverse corn inbred lines were used in a half diallel mating design. Twenty eight F1 progenies along with their parents were planted in randomized complete block design with four replications in two locations during two years. Combined analysis of variance showed significant mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) for Days to silking emergence (DS), plant height (PH), 1000-kernel weight (KW), number of kernels in ear row (KR), number of rows in ear( NR ) , ear diameter (ED), cob diameter (CD), kernel yield (KY) indicating that the importance of both additive and non additive genetic effects for these traits. However, high narrow-sense heritability estimates, low degree of dominance and the ratio of estimates of GCA to SCA effects for DS , NR and CD indicated that additive genetic effect was more important for these traits. Most of the crosses with significant SCA effects for KY had at least one parent with significant GCA effects for the same traits. Significant positive correlations were detected between KY and other yield components including KW, KR, NR and ED, therefore these traits can be used as indirect selection criteria for KY improvement. The crosses MO17 × Line8, MO17 × Line 10 and MO17 × Line 12, Line 8 × Line 10 and Line 8 × Line 21 with high values of KY were considered as good cross combinations for improving the trait.

scholarly journals Agronomic evaluation and clonal selection of ginger genotypes (Zingiber officinale Roseoe) in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Eleonora Zambrano Blanco ◽  
José Baldin Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection Of

The analysis of the genetic diversity of ginger based on agronomic traits is essential to know its performance and to design breeding programs. In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic variability of 61 accessions of the ginger germplasm collection of the "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture at the University of Sao Paulo (ESALQ/USP) in a complete randomized block design with four replications. An analysis of variance test was performed and genetic parameters such as heritability, genetic variance, environmental variance, genetic-environmental variation ratio (CVg/CVe) and genetic correlations were estimated. There were highly significant differences (P≤0.01) among the accessions for all the agronomic traits analyzed. The CVg/CVe ratio (>1), along with the high heritability (>80%), showed a significant contribution of genetic factors on the phenotypic expression of plant height, rhizome thickness and yield traits, favoring the clonal selection of genotypes. Accessions Gen-29, Gen-29, Gen-32, Gen-36, Gen-37, Gen-40, Gen-41, Gen-42, Gen-50 were selected due to the best agronomic performance when compared to the rest of the germplasm. The results obtained may be useful in future breeding programs in Brazil.

scholarly journals Magnitude of the genetic base of commercial popcorn and in recommendation in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Otávio Mendes de Paula ◽  
Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves ◽  
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Érica Cristina de Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Quitete Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Public And Private

The purpose of this study was to quantify the genetic diversity among popcorn genotypes on the market and in the final test phase, suitable for three environments in Brazil, based on 11 agronomic traits and ISSR markers. In the environment Campos dos Goytacazes a more reliable group formation was observed than in the other environments. The molecular data indicated the presence of cultivars recommended in the same group, as in the case of UFVM2 Barão de Viçosa, IAC 125, Zélia and Jade. This result is an appeal to the few popcorn breeders in Brazil to pay particular attention to increase the genetic diversity among breeding programs conducted by public and private institutions in the country. There was virtually no correlation between the distance matrix obtained by the ISSR marker and the matrices obtained by the agronomic data.

scholarly journals Analysis of Combining Ability in Rice Varieties for Quantitative Traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-439
Author(s):  
Ghaffar KIANI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Additive Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene

Rice is staple food in Iran. Despite of high quality of local rice, their grain yield is low. In hybridization breeding programs, selection of suitable parents is an essential role for developing new combinations with broadens genetic diversity. Combining ability of local rice varieties namely ‘Hashemi’, ‘Sang Jo’ and ‘Tarom Deylamani’ and ‘Nemat’ was evaluated in a partial diallele analysis for agronomic traits in a randomized complete block design at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances showed predominated role of additive gene effects in the inheritance of grain length. Both additive and non-additive components of genetic variances were important in the inheritance of traits like grain yield, plant height, panicle length, total grains per panicle, grain length and grain length to width. However, non-additive gene effects were seen for tiller number. Results showed that ‘Nemat’ was the best general combiner for most of characters followed by ‘Tarom Deylamani’. The cross of ‘Hashemi’ × ‘Tarom Deylamani’ was suggested to exploitation of heterosis breeding for increasing yield and its components in rice breeding programs. 

scholarly journals Predictive genotype-phenotype relations using genetic diversity in African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex. A. Rich) Harms)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Aina ◽  
Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
Christopher Ilori ◽  
Peter L. Chang ◽  
Muyideen Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Geographical Regions

Abstract Background African Yam Bean (AYB) is an understudied and underutilized tuberous legume of tropical West and Central African origin. In these geographical regions, both seeds and tubers of AYB are important components of people’s diets and a potential target as a nutritional security crop. The understanding of the genetic diversity among AYB accessions is thus an important component for both conservation and potential breeding programs. Results In this study, 93 AYB accessions were obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) genebank and genotyped using 3722 SNP markers based on Restriction site-Associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq). Genetic data was analysed using multiple clustering methods for better understanding the distribution of genetic diversity across the population. Substantial genetic variability was observed in the present set of AYB accessions and different methodologies demonstrated that these accessions are divided into three to four main groups. The accessions were also analysed for important agronomic traits and successfully associated with their genetic clusters where great majority of accessions shared a similar phenotype. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study on predicting genotypic-phenotypic diversity relationship analysis in AYB. From a breeding perspective, we were able to identify specific diverse groups with precise phenotype such as seed or both seed and tuber yield purpose accessions. These results provide novel and important insights to support the utilization of this germplasm in AYB breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of hull-less barley accessions based on molecular and quantitative data

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Meneses Sayd ◽  
Renato Fernando Amabile ◽  
Fabio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
Graciele Bellon
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this work was to characterize and quantify the genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability of hull-less barley genotypes, for the selection of parents and identification of genotypes adapted to the irrigated production system in the Brazilian Cerrado. Eighteen hull-less barley accessions were evaluated, and three covered barley accessions served as reference. The characterization was based on 157 RAPD molecular markers and ten agronomic traits. Genetic distance matrices were obtained based on molecular markers and quantitative traits. Graphic grouping and dispersion analyses were performed. Genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability was high among genotypes. Ethiopian accessions were genetically more similar, and the Brazilian ones were genetically more distant. For agronomic traits, two more consistent groupings were obtained, one with the most two-rowed materials, and the other with six-rowed materials. The more diverging materials were the two-rowed CI 13453, CN Cerrado 5, CN Cerrado 1, and CN Cerrado 2. The PI 356466, CN Cerrado 1, PI 370799, and CI 13453 genotypes show agronomic traits of interest and, as genetically different genotypes, they are indicated for crossing, in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Soybean parent selection based on genetic diversity

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Carpentieri-Pípolo ◽  
Antônio Eduardo Pípolo ◽  
Flávio André Martins da Silva ◽  
Marcos Rafael Petek
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Parent Selection ◽  
Partial Diallel ◽  
Made In

Thirty-four soybean lines were assessed for twelve traits. The genetic distances were estimates using multivariate techniques, to identify parents to be included in breeding programs for hybridization. Grouping by the Tocher method, from generalized Mahalanobis distances, divided the 34 lines into four groups. The most important agronomic traits, weight of seeds per plot, plant height, height of first pod and days to maturity were considered when recommending for crossing. The following crosses were recommended based on the genetic divergence and the key agronomic traits: lines 23, 10, 2, 27 and 25 (group I) with genotype 6 (group II) and genotype 16 (group III). Thus only ten crosses would be made, representing only 2% of the total crosses which could be made in the partial diallel among the 34 lines assessed, which would allow up to 561 combinations.

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