scholarly journals The Effect of Pre-milking Stimulation on Teat Morphological Parameters and Milk Traits in the Italian Water Buffalo

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Costa ◽  
Massimo De Marchi ◽  
Giulio Visentin ◽  
Maria Concetta Campagna ◽  
Antonio Borghese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Manual Stimulation ◽  
The Impact

Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are very sensitive to environmental stimulus before and during milking, and this explains why disrupted milk ejections due to blood oxytocin level instability are frequent in this species. According to the literature, the manual stimulation (MS) of teats before milking promotes oxytocin release and allows milk ejection to start within 2–3 min. However, the pre-milking stimulation of teats is not always part of the milking routine in Italian buffalo farms; moreover, buffaloes with unstable milk let-down are sometimes treated with exogenous oxytocin (OX). Different types of pre-milking stimulation can impact differently on the mammary gland epithelium and structures and, therefore, on milk yield. In this study, we observed the changes in teat morphological traits before and after the application of three types of stimuli, i.e., no manual stimulation (NS), MS, and OX, in buffaloes reared in an Italian dairy farm. In particular, measurements were available for 23 and 21 buffaloes for front and rear teats, respectively. Subsequently, the effect of the pre-milking stimulation type was estimated on teat morphological characteristics and on milk traits recorded after the application of stimuli. The results showed that the teat canal length was shorter (P < 0.05) after stimulation in the case of MS and OX compared to NS. Cistern diameter was overall greater for MS and lower for OX. On the contrary, teat wall thickness was greater and lower for OX and MS, respectively. Milk yield and quality (fat, protein, and somatic cell score) were similar across the three types of pre-milking stimulation. In perspective, the impact of these types of pre-milking stimulation should be evaluated on a large scale, and the focus might be put on mammary gland epithelium integrity, mastitis incidence, and other udder health indicators in milk, e.g., electrical conductivity, differential somatic cell count, lactose content, and sodium and chloride concentration.

Comparative analyses of enteric methane emissions, dry matter intake and milk somatic cell count in different residual feed intake categories of dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagnachew Hailemariam ◽  
Ghader Manafiazar ◽  
John A. Basarab ◽  
Paul Stothard ◽  
Filippo Miglior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Traits

This study compared the different residual feed intake (RFI) categories of lactating Holsteins with respect to methane emission, dry matter intake (kg), milk somatic cell count (SCC, 103/mL) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB, mmol/L). RFI was calculated in 131 lactating Holstein cows that were then categorized into –RFI (RFI<0) vs. +RFI (RFI>0) and low (RFI<-0.5 SD) vs. high RFI (RFI>0.5 SD) groups. Milk traits were recorded in 131 cows while CH4 and CO2 were measured in 83. Comparisons of –RFI vs. +RFI and low vs. high RFI showed 7.8% (22.3±0.40 vs. 24.2±0.39) and 12.9% (21.1±0.40 vs. 24.2±0.45) decrease (P<0.05) in DMI of –RFI and low RFI groups, respectively. Similarly, –RFI and low RFI cows had lower (P<0.05) CH4 (g/d) by 9.7% (343.5±11.1 vs. 380.4±10.9) and 15.5% (332.5±12.9 vs. 393.5±12.6) respectively. Milk yield was not different (P>0.05) in –RFI vs. +RFI and low vs. high comparisons. The –RFI and low RFI cows had lower (P<0.05) SCC in –RFI vs. +RFI and low RFI vs. high RFI comparisons. BHB was lower (P<0.05) in low RFI compared to the high RFI group. Low RFI dairy cows consumed less feed, emitted less methane (g/d), and had lower milk SCC and BHB without differing in milk yield.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Milk Yield and Quality Traits in a Large Population of Water Buffaloes

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Costa ◽  
Riccardo Negrini ◽  
Massimo De Marchi ◽  
Giuseppe Campanile ◽  
Gianluca Neglia
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Milk Traits

The buffalo milk industry has economic and social relevance in Italy, as linked to the manufacture of traditional dairy products. To provide an overview of the current status of buffaloes’ performances on a large scale, almost 1 million milk test-day records from 72,294 buffaloes were available to investigate milk yield, energy corrected milk, fat, protein, and lactose content, and somatic cell score (SCS). Phenotypic correlations between milk traits were calculated and analysis of variance was carried out through a mixed model approach including fixed effect of parity, stage of lactation, sampling time, month of calving, and all their interactions and random effects of buffalo, herd-test-date, and residual. Third-parity buffaloes were the most productive in terms of milk yield, while the lowest solid content was detected in sixth parity buffaloes. A considerable gap between primiparous and multiparous buffaloes was observed for milk yield, especially in early- and mid-lactation. Overall, SCS progressively increased with parity and showed a negative correlation with milk yield in both primiparous (−0.12) and multiparous (−0.14) buffaloes. Results suggested that, at the industrial level, milk of primiparous buffaloes may be preferred for transformation purposes, since it was characterized by greater solid content and lower SCS. Results of this study provide a picture of the Italian population of buffaloes under systematic performance records and might be beneficial to both dairy industry and breeding organizations.

An attempt to develop a method for determining the typical chemical composition of the milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows – a proposal

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Piotr Guliński ◽  
Anna Kłopotowska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to develop a method for determining the typical chemical composition of the milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows. The paper uses data collected from 1329 test-day milking records from 20 herds of PHF dairy cattle in Sokołów County, from 2009 to 2015. The effect of the following factors on the chemical composition of milk was determined: lactation stage (15 one-month stages); age of cows (lactations 1, 2, 3–4, and 5–7); genotype (share of PHF breed: less than 50%, 50–75%, 75–82.5% and more than 82.5%); somatic cell count (SCC) in 1 ml of milk (in thousands: 0–200, 200–400, 400–1000 and more than 1000); feeding level (fat to protein (F/P) ratio): ≤1.0, 1.0–1.4, 1.4–1.7 and >1.7); calving season (autumn/winter, spring/summer) and daily milk yield (milk yield in kg: ≤15, 15–25, 25–35 and >35). Nutrition and udder health status were found to be the main factors influencing the chemical composition of milk. For selected cows with optimally balanced feed rations (F/P ratio in milk from 1.1 to 1.4) and a low somatic cell count (SCC ≤200,000/ml), daily yield was the main factor affecting the chemical composition of the milk. It was also concluded that government and scientific publications on the PHF breed should take into account the impact of the F/P ratio, SCC and yield of milk on its composition.

scholarly journals The Use of Teat-End Hyperkeratosis to Predict Somatic Cell Count and Milk Quality of Holstein Cows Raised in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
S. Abdelghany ◽  
N. H. Fahim ◽  
F. Samir ◽  
M. A. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Unit Increase

The study aimed to investigate the association between teat-end hyperkeratosis (THK) and somatic cell count (SCC) and to assess the effect of SCC on milk yield, fat, and protein percentages of Holstein cows. A total of 740 udder quarters of 185 Holstein cows kept in three commercial herds in Egypt were enrolled in the study from May to September 2019. Foremilk samples were collected from udder quarters for assessing milk SCC, fat, and protein percentages. On the same cows, a digital picture of each teat end orifice was taken with a digital camera. Cows’ teats were assessed for THK and classified into two different groups of hyperkeratosis; mild and severe THK. SCC was converted to five classes of somatic cell score (SCS). Simple linear regression was performed to determine the loss of milk yield, fat, and protein percentages. SCC was significantly affected by THK (p<0.0001). About 57% of teats were classified as mild THK and 43% as severe THK. The teats with severe THK recorded higher SCC in milk. It was observed that SCS had a significant effect on fat and protein percentages (p<0.0001). A similar trend was shown for the effect of SCS on milk yield (p<0.05), where the highest values of milk traits were obtained for the lowest SCS. The loss of milk was 220 g/day. Also, fat and protein percentages decreased by 0.11% and 0.08%, respectively, for each unit increase in SCS, from zero to four. In conclusion, severe THK can lead to high SCC, which negatively affects milk traits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of breeding values of bulls for somatic cell count in milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066
Author(s):  
M. Radinovic ◽  
S. Trivunovic ◽  
D. Kucevic ◽  
R. Djedovic ◽  
V. Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Selection Of

The incidence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in the mammary gland produces variety of defensive factors were nuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages play an important role and they are marked as somatic cells. Somatic cell count depends on the type of pathogen and stage of infection. Increased number of somatic cells in milk occurs as a result of lesions in the mammary gland. Studies have shown that the somatic cells count is genetically predisposed. Although the heritability of this trait is low, using modern methods and the proper selection of work it is possible to achieve some progress. Therefore it is necessary to the selection of bulls for somatic cells, on the basis of somatic cells in milk of daughters. Data on milk yield and somatic cell count in milk of 247 cows Holstein Friesian and Simmental breed from Vojvodina province, were used to analyze the evaluation of breeding values for somatic cells in milk Average values and variability of somatic cells, milk yield, milk fat yield and protein and content of milk fat and protein were determined. The average number of somatic cells was 317 000 per ml of milk, with high variability. Average milk yield of 7 634kg with an average content and yield of milk fat from 3.74% to 285.69 kg and the average protein content and yield of 3.15% and 237.15 kg were determined. Assessment of breeding values was calculated using BLUP model of father, high variability in the assessment of bulls was found. Getting more accurate breeding values is possible using the Animal Model.

scholarly journals Einfluss systematischer Umwelteffekte auf die Milchleistungsmerkmale bei Bunten Deutschen Edelziegen

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
D. Bömkes ◽  
H. Hamann ◽  
O. Distl
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Traits

Abstract. Title of the paper: Influence of systematic environmental effects on milk performance traits in German Improved Fawn The objectives of this study were to analyse the influence of fixed effects on milk traits of German Improved Fawn. The analysis was based on 27,778 test day records of 1,848 German Improved Fawn with 3,574 lactation records. The milk records were sampled between 1988 and 2002 from 229 flocks in Lower Saxony, Saxony and Baden-Wuerttemberg. The average daily milk yield was 2.87 ± 1.20 kg with a fat content of 3.08 ± 0.54% and a protein content of 3.38 ± 0.95%. Somatic cell count (SCC) was transformed into somatic cell score (SCS). Mean SCS was 5.49 ± 1.93. The average lactation length was 234.1 ± 76.4 days. The analysis of variance showed a significant influence of lactation number, stage of lactation, year of lambing and month of lambing on all analysed milk production traits. Milk yield was highest in the fourth lactation number and fat as well as protein content in the 7th to 13th lactation number. Litter size had a significant influence on milk and fat yield and on fat and protein content. The region significantly influenced protein yield and fat and protein content of German Improved Fawn but had no effect on milk and protein yield and SCS. Animals from Baden-Wuerttemberg reached the highest milk protein content but the lowest milk fat content.

scholarly journals Effect of crossbreeding on linear udder scores and their phenotypic relationships in Iranian fat-tailed ewe’s

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sadeghi ◽  
A. Rafat ◽  
M. Bohlouli
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Now, image processing is a better technique than the subjectively assessments for linear scoring of morphologic traits, especially in fattailed ewe?s. The objective of this study was to assess this application in animal characterization on a case study in order to comparing of, udder morphological characteristics in two Iranian crossbred sheep populations including Ghezel-Arkhamerino (GH-MR; 25 ewes), Moghani-Arkharmerino (MG-MR; 25 ewes) and a pure one that was Ghezel ewes (20 ewes). Ten udder factors and five milk traits were measured on seventy ewes during three stages of lactation. Digital pictures were analyzed by Digimizer 3.6 software. Statistical analysis of udder liner scores was performed by using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.1 software. Results showed that long udders were more frequent in the Ghezel ewes than in crossbred?s ewes. Least variation was observed for teat placement score in Ghezel purebred ewes. The means of udder depth in the Ghezel ewes were larger than in the crossbreds (P<0.01). A positive correlation between left and right teat length scores were found in the all genetic groups (rp=0.47-0.65). Milking rate (rp= 0.81) and milking time (rp= 0.37) showed significant correlations with milk yield (P <0.001). The most useful udder scores for predicting daily milk yield appears to be the left teat length, teat placement and attachment width in Ghezel ewes. Phenotypic correlations variations within linear scores and their relationships with daily milk showed the potential of improvement of these traits in breeding programs of dairy sheep.

Association of MAP4K4 gene single nucleotide polymorphism with mastitis and milk traits in Chinese Holstein cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhattarai ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Zia ur Rehman ◽  
Xingjie Hao ◽  
Farman Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Protein Percentage

The objective of the studies presented in this Research Communication was to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms present in the MAP4K4 gene with different milk traits in dairy cows. Based on previous QTL fine mapping results on bovine chromosome 11, the MAP4K4 gene was selected as a candidate gene to evaluate its effect on somatic cell count and milk traits in ChineseHolstein cows. Milk production traits including milk yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage of each cow were collected using 305 d lactation records. Association between MAP4K4 genotype and different traits and Somatic Cell Score (SCS) was performed using General Linear Regression Model of R. Two SNPs at exon 18 (c.2061T > G and c.2196T > C) with genotype TT in both SNPs were found significantly higher for somatic SCS. We found the significant effect of exon 18 (c.2061T > G) on protein percentage, milk yield and SCS. We identified SNPs at different location of MAP4K4 gene of the cattle and several of them were significantly associated with the somatic cell score and other different milk traits. Thus, MAP4K4 gene could be a useful candidate gene for selection of dairy cattle against mastitis and the identified polymorphisms might potentially be strong genetic markers.

scholarly journals Ефективність довічного використання корів залежно від генотипових факторів

2018 ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Ю. І. Скляренко
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Information Database ◽  
Dairy Breed

У статті висвітлено основні результати досліджень щодо визначення впливу генотипових факторів на показники довічного використання корів. Встановлено, що дочки за всіма показниками  довічного використання поступаються своїм матерям. Розраховані в ході досліджень величини коефіцієнтів успадкування («дочка – мати») та сили впливу на показники довічного використання корів  за методом «батько – дочка» в умовах великомасштабної селекції молочної худоби дають підстави очікувати вищої ефективності підбору з інтенсивним використанням бугаїв-поліпшувачів за ознаками довічного використання корів у порівнянні з методом «мати – дочка». Сила впливу походження за батьком на показники довічного використання становить 20,5–33,4 %. The article presents the main results of research on determining the influence of genotype factors on indicators of lifetime use of cows. Domestic scientists pay much attention to the study of the influence of genotype factors on indicators of lifetime use of cows. The study was conducted according to the materials of the primary breeding records in the herd of State Enterprise «Experimental Farm of Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of NAAS» of Sumy region – it is one of the leading breeding factories of Ukrainian brown dairy breed cattle breeding. The materials of the electronic information database in SUMS ORSEC format are used as of 2017. In result of the conducted researches we have found that in animals of Ukrainian brown dairy breed worse indicators of lifetime productivity and duration of economic use. The coefficients of inheritance («daughter–mother») of indicators of lifetime use of Ukrainian brown dairy breed cows are low and in most cases statistically unreliable. Inheritance of life expectancy of cows is low h2=0,09; duration of economic use – h2=0,12; the duration of the lactation period – h2=0.08. Even lower the value of the coefficient of inheritance is characterized by the value of lifetime milk yield h2=0,07; milk yield per 1 day of life h2=0,02. We established in the course of studies coefficients of inheritance and the power of influence on the indicators of lifetime use of cows by the method of «father–daughter» in the context of large-scale breeding of dairy cattle give reason to expect high efficiency of selection with intensive use of bulls- producers on the grounds of lifetime use of cows in comparison with the method of «mother–daughter». The impact of origin for the father on the indicators of lifetime use is 20.5–33.4 %.

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