scholarly journals Genome-Wide Differential Expression Profiling of Pulmonary circRNAs Associated With Immune Reaction to Pasteurella multocida in Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Chen ◽  
Zhenxing Zhang ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Yiwen Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Wide Range

Pasteurella multocida is a highly versatile pathogen that infects a wide range of animals, including goats, causing pneumonia and hemorrhagic septicemia. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA that plays an important role in regulating cellular metabolism. However, whether and how circRNA is involved in regulating immune responses in the goat lung has not been reported. Thus, this study was designed to examine the function of circRNA in goats infected with Pasteurella multocida. Goats were assigned into one of two groups: an uninfected control group (CK) and an infected group challenged with P. multocida. Compared with the CK group, which remained healthy, the infected goats showed clinical signs of infection, including depression, cough, nasal discharge, and dyspnea, along with elevated body temperature and lesions in the lung. Whole-transcriptome sequencing and small RNA sequencing were then performed using lung samples from goats from each group. A total of 138 circRNA, 56 microRNAs (miRNA), and 2,673 messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules were significantly differentially expressed in the P. multocida-infected group compared with the CK group. Randomly selected differentially expressed circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA molecules (n = 5 per group) were then validated by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the source genes indicated that six immune-related terms were enriched among the differentially expressed cirRNA molecules, including inflammatory response, immune effector process, cell activation involved in immune response, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, response to endogenous stimulus, and immune response. The corresponding circRNA molecules were then selected for construction of a competitive endogenous RNA network to identify networks that may be involved in the immune response to P. multocida infection. The results indicated that P. multocida HN01 may cause pneumonia and stimulate an immune response in goats via regulation of circRNA expression. This study presents the first comprehensive circRNA profile in response to P. multocida infection in goats, thus, providing a basis for understanding the function of circRNA in the host immune response to P. multocida infection.

scholarly journals An Intranasal Vaccination with a Recombinant Outer Membrane Protein H against Haemorrhagic Septicemia in Swamp Buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anucha Muenthaisong ◽  
Boondarika Nambooppha ◽  
Amarin Rittipornlertrak ◽  
Pallop Tankaew ◽  
Thanya Varinrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Ability ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Swamp Buffaloes ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Cellular Immune

Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is an important infectious disease in cattle and buffaloes, caused by Pasteurella multocida B:2 and E:2. The intranasal recombinant OmpH-based vaccine was successfully used to protect dairy cattle from HS in a previous study. Thus, this study aimed to examine the protective ability of that vaccine among buffaloes. Four groups of Thai swamp buffaloes received different vaccines and were labeled as 100 or 200 μg of the rOmpH with CpG-ODN2007, commercial HS bacterin vaccine, and nonvaccinated control groups. Sera and whole blood were collected to examine the antibody levels and cellular immune response using indirect ELISA and MTT assay, respectively. Challenge exposure was performed with virulent P. multocida strain M-1404 serotype B:2 on day 72 of the experiment. The antibody titers to P. multocida among immunized buffaloes were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.01), especially the 200 μg of the rOmpH group. The stimulation index (SI) of the intranasally vaccinated groups revealed significantly higher levels than the nonvaccinated group (p<0.01), but not different from the intramuscularly commercial HS vaccine. The clinical signs and high fever were observed after challenge exposure in the nonvaccinated group, while it was not observed among the 200 μg of rOmpH immunized buffaloes. The other immunized groups showed partial protection with transient fever. In conclusion, the rOmpH-based intranasal vaccine could elicit protective ability and induce antibody- and cell-mediated immune response against virulent P. multocida strain among swamp buffaloes.

scholarly journals A transient increase in MHC-IIlow monocytes after experimental infection with Avibacterium paragallinarum (serovar B-1) in SPF chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Lucía F. Alvarez ◽  
Astrid Poma-Acevedo ◽  
Manolo Fernández-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Facial Swelling

Abstract Infectious coryza (IC), an upper respiratory tract disease affecting chickens, is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum. The clinical manifestations of IC include nasal discharge, facial swelling, and lacrimation. This acute disease results in high morbidity and low mortality, while the course of the disease is prolonged and mortality rates are increased in cases with secondary infections. Studies regarding the immune response in infected chickens are scarce, and the local immune response is the focal point of investigation. However, a large body of work has demonstrated that severe infections can impact the systemic immune response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the systemic effects of Avibacterium paragallinarum (serovar B-1) infection on immune cells in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The current study revealed the presence of a transient circulating monocyte population endowed with high phagocytic ability and clear downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) surface expression. In human and mouse studies, this monocyte population (identified as tolerant monocytes) has been correlated with a dysfunctional immune response, increasing the risk of secondary infections and mortality. Consistent with this dysfunctional immune response, we demonstrate that B cells from infected chickens produced fewer antibodies than those from control chickens. Moreover, T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of infected chickens had a lower ability to proliferate in response to concanavalin A than those isolated from control chickens. These findings could be related to the severe clinical signs observed in complicated IC caused by the presence of secondary infections.

scholarly journals Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles ofPasteurella multocidaStrains Isolated from Rabbits in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Sebastiana Porfida Ferreira ◽  
Maria Roberta Felizardo ◽  
Débora Dirani Sena de Gobbi ◽  
Cleise Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Lima Nogueira Filsner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Wide Range

Pasteurella multocidais responsible for a wide range of diseases in domestic animals. In rabbits, the agent is related to nasal discharge, pneumonia, otitis media, pyometra, orchitis, abscess, and septicemia. One hundred and forty rabbits with respiratory diseases from four rabbitries in São Paulo State, Brazil were evaluated for the detection ofP. multocidain their nasal cavities. A total of twenty-nine animals were positive toP. multocidaisolation, and 46 strains were selected and characterized by means of biochemical tests and PCR.P. multocidastrains were tested for capsular type, virulence genes, and resistance profile. A total of 45.6% (21/46) of isolates belonged to capsular type A, and 54.34% (25/46) of the isolates were untypeable. None of the strains harbouredtoxAorpfhAgenes. The frequency of the other twenty genes tested was variable, and the data generated was used to build a dendrogram, showing the relatedness of strains, which were clustered according to origin. Resistance revealed to be more common against sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole, followed by erythromycin, penicillin, and amoxicillin.

scholarly journals Bovine milk somatic cell transcriptomic response to Staphylococcus aureus is dependent on strain genotype

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmara Niedziela ◽  
Paul Cormican ◽  
Gilles Foucras ◽  
Finola Leonard ◽  
Orla Keane
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
M1 Macrophages

AbstractBackgroundMastitis is an economically important disease of dairy cows with Staphylococcus aureus a major cause worldwide. Challenge of Holstein-Friesian cows demonstrated that a strain belonging to Clonal Complex (CC)151 caused clinical mastitis, while a strain belonging to CC97 caused mild or subclinical mastitis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response utilising a transcriptomic approach. Milk somatic cells from cows infected with each strain of S. aureus at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours post-infection (hpi) were analysed for differentially expressed (DE) genes in response to each strain.ResultsIn response to MOK023 (CC97), 1278, 2278, 1986 and 1750 significant differentially expressed (DE) genes were found at 24, 48, 72 and 168 hpi, respectively, while 2293, 1979, 1428 and 1544 significant DE genes were found in response to MOK124 (CC151) at those time points. Genes involved in milk production (CSN1, CSN10, CSN1S2, CSN2, a-LACTA and PRLR) were downregulated in response to both strains, with a more pronounced decrease in the MOK124 group. Immune response pathways such as NF-κB and TNF signalling were overrepresented in response to both strains at 24 hpi. These immune pathways continued to be overrepresented in the MOK023 group at 48 and 72 hpi, while the Hippo signalling, extracellular matrix interaction (ECM) and tight junction pathways were overrepresented in the MOK124 group between 48 and 168 hpi. Cellular composition analysis demonstrated that a neutrophil response was predominant in response to MOK124, while M1 macrophages were the main milk cell type post-infection in the MOK023 group.ConclusionsA switch from immune response pathways to pathways involved in maintaining the integrity of the epithelial cell layer was observed in the MOK124 group from 48 hpi, which coincided with the occurrence of clinical signs in the infected animals. The higher proportion of M1 macrophages in the MOK023 group and lack of substantial neutrophil recruitment in response to MOK023 may indicate immune evasion by this strain. The results of this study highlight that the somatic cell transcriptomic response to S. aureus is dependent on the genotype of the infecting strain.

scholarly journals Finding differentially expressed sRNA-Seq regions with srnadiff

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Zytnicki ◽  
Ignacio González
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
New Method ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
External Information ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Genomic Annotation ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSmall RNAs (sRNAs) encompass a great variety of different molecules of different kinds, such as micro RNAs, small interfering RNAs, Piwi-associated RNA, among other. These sRNA have a wide range of activities, which include gene regulation, protection against virus, transposable element silencing, and have been identified as a key actor to study and understand the development of the cell. Small RNA sequencing is thus routinely used to assess the expression of the diversity of sRNAs, usually in the context of differentially expression, where two conditions are compared. Many tools have been presented to detect differentially expressed micro RNAs, because they are well documented, and the associated genes are well defined. However, tools are lacking to detect other types of sRNAs, which are less studied, and have an imprecise “gene” structure. We present here a new method, called srnadiff, to find all kinds of differentially expressed sRNAs. To the extent of our knowledge, srnadiff is the first tool that detects differentially expressed sRNAs without the use of external information, such as genomic annotation or reference sequence of sRNAs.Author summaryWe present here a new method for the ab initio discovery of differentially expressed small RNAs. The standard method, sometimes named annotate-then-identify, first finds possible genes, and tests for differential expression. In contrast, our method skips the first step and scans the genome for potential differentially expressed regions (the identify-then-annotate strategy). Since our method is the first one to use the identify-then-annotate strategy on sRNAs, we compared our method against a similar method, developed for long RNAs (derfinder), and to the annotate-then-identify strategy, where the sRNAs have been identified beforehand using a segmentation tool, on three published datasets, and a simulated one. Results show that srnadiff gives much better results than derfinder, and is also better than the annotate-then-identify strategy on many aspects. srnadiff is available as a Bioconductor package, together with a detailed manual: https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/srnadiff.html

scholarly journals S-Methylcysteine Ameliorates the Intestinal Damage Induced by Eimeria tenella Infection via Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Modulators

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy ◽  
Alaa Fehaid ◽  
Dina M. M. EL-shewehy ◽  
Amany M. Ramez ◽  
Abdulsalam A. M. Alkhaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anticoccidial Activity ◽  
Avian Coccidiosis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Avian coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in the poultry industry. The infection is caused by Eimeria species, and its treatment relies mainly on the administration of anticoccidial drugs, which can result in drug resistance and side effects. The recent trends in avian coccidiosis treatment is directed to the development of a new therapy using herbal compounds. S-Methylcysteine (SMC) is considered one of the organosulfur compounds in garlic that showed promising activity in the treatment of different pathological conditions via a wide range of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. In this study, the anticoccidial activity of SMC was investigated in Eimeria tenella-infected chickens compared to diclazuril as a widely used anticoccidial drug. In this regard, 14-day-old broilers were divided into six groups (n = 18). The first group (G1) was the healthy control group, while the second group (G2) was the non-infected SMC group treated at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. (high dose). Moreover, the third group (G3) was the positive control group (infected and non-treated). The fourth group (G4) was the infected group treated with SMC of 25 mg/kg b.w. (low dose), while the fifth group (G5) was the infected group treated with SMC of 50 mg/kg b.w. (high dose). Conversely, the sixth group (G6) was the diclazuril-treated group. The anticoccidial effects of SMC and diclazuril were evaluated by counting oocysts and recording the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, clinical signs, lesions, and mortality rate. Interestingly, SMC showed potent anticoccidial activity, which was exemplified by reduction of oocyst count. Furthermore, the biochemical, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory parameters in the cecal tissues were restored toward their control levels in G4, G5, and G6. Histopathological observation of cecal tissues was consistent with the aforementioned results revealing the ameliorative effect of SMC against E. tenella infection. This study concluded novel findings in relation to the anticoccidial role of SMC as a plant-based compound against the E. tenella-induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens combined with its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Further studies for exploring the mechanistic pathways involved in this activity and the potential benefits from its use in association with conventional anticoccidial drugs are warranted.

scholarly journals Exploring the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas by Next-Generation Sequencing Expression Profiles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Müller ◽  
Katharina Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Tissue Samples

Altered microRNA (miRNA) expression is a hallmark of many cancer types. The combined analysis of miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles is crucial to identifying links between deregulated miRNAs and oncogenic pathways. Therefore, we investigated the small non-coding (snc) transcriptomes of nine clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) and adjacent normal tissues for alterations in miRNA expression using a publicly available small RNA-Sequencing (sRNA-Seq) raw-dataset. We constructed a network of deregulated miRNAs and a set of differentially expressed genes publicly available from an independent study toin silicodetermine miRNAs that contribute to clear cell renal cell carcinogenesis. From a total of 1,672 sncRNAs, 61 were differentially expressed across all ccRCC tissue samples. Several with known implications in ccRCC development, like the upregulated miR-21-5p, miR-142-5p, as well as the downregulated miR-106a-5p, miR-135a-5p, or miR-206. Additionally, novel promising candidates like miR-3065, whichi.a.targetsNRP2andFLT1, were detected in this study. Interaction network analysis revealed pivotal roles for miR-106a-5p, whose loss might contribute to the upregulation of 49 target mRNAs, miR-135a-5p (32 targets), miR-206 (28 targets), miR-363-3p (22 targets), and miR-216b (13 targets). Among these targets are the angiogenesis, metastasis, and motility promoting oncogenesc-MET,VEGFA,NRP2, andFLT1, the latter two coding for VEGFA receptors.

scholarly journals Immunostimulant Effect of Egyptian Propolis in Rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somya A. Nassar ◽  
Amira H. Mohamed ◽  
Hamdy Soufy ◽  
Soad M. Nasr ◽  
K. M. Mahran
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Tissue Specimens

The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of ethanolic extract of Egyptian propolis given alone or in combination with inactivatedPasteurella multocidavaccine on rabbits challenged with a virulent strain ofPasteurella multocida. Fifty-six New-Zealand rabbits, 6–8 weeks old and non-vaccinated against pasteurellosis, were randomly divided into eight equal groups. The first group was kept as a control for the experiment. The other groups received different treatments with propolis extract, inactivated vaccine, or both. The experiment continued for seven weeks during which clinical signs, body weight, and mortality rate were monitored, and blood samples were collected weekly for evaluating the leukogram, serum biochemistry, and immune response in all groups of animals. At the end of the seventh week, the animals were subjected to challenge with a virulent strain ofPasteurella multocida. Two weeks later, tissue specimens were collected from different organs for histopathological examination. Results showed that rabbits of the groups treated with both propolis and the vaccine by different routes appeared healthy after challenge. It has been concluded that alcoholic extract of propolis administrated in combination with inactivatedPasteurella multocidavaccine has no adverse effects on the general health conditions and enhances immune response in rabbits.

scholarly journals Exposure to hypoxia causes stress erythropoiesis and downregulates immune response genes in spleen of mice

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijing Wang ◽  
Daoxin Liu ◽  
Pengfei Song ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Xiangwen Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Stress Erythropoiesis ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ and the main site where stress erythropoiesis occurs. It is known that hypoxia triggers the expansion of erythroid progenitors; however, its effects on splenic gene expression are still unclear. Here, we examined splenic global gene expression patterns by time-series RNA-seq after exposing mice to hypoxia for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 13 days. Results Morphological analysis showed that on the 3rd day there was a significant increase in the spleen index and in the proliferation of erythroid progenitors. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the overall expression of genes decreased with increased hypoxic exposure. Compared with the control group, 1380, 3430, 4396, 3026, and 1636 genes were differentially expressed on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 13, respectively. Clustering analysis of the intersection of differentially expressed genes pointed to 739 genes, 628 of which were upregulated, and GO analysis revealed a significant enrichment for cell proliferation. Enriched GO terms of downregulated genes were associated with immune cell activation. Expression of Gata1, Tal1 and Klf1 was significantly altered during stress erythropoiesis. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in the immune response was inhibited, and NK cells decreased. Conclusions The spleen of mice conquer hypoxia exposure in two ways. Stress erythropoiesis regulated by three transcription factors and genes in immune response were downregulated. These findings expand our knowledge of splenic transcriptional changes during hypoxia.

scholarly journals Pasteurellosis Outbreak Due to Pasteurella multocida Type A in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Santiani ◽  
Luan Cleber Henker ◽  
Claiton Ismael Schwetz ◽  
Marina Paula Lorenzett ◽  
João Xavier Oliveira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type A ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Nasal Sinus

Background: Pasteurellosis is a common disease of cattle, pigs, and poultry, which rarely affects humans. In rabbits, the respiratory presentation of the disease is frequently reported. Clinical signs related to bronchopneumonia include sneezing, lung stertors, oculonasal discharge, dyspnea and cyanosis. Infection may lead to otitis, conjunctivitis, abscesses and sepsis. Furthermore, Pasteurella multocida infection may lead to sudden death without clinical manifestations. Reports of pasteurellosis in rabbits are scarce in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe an outbreak of pasteurellosis with high mortality in a rabbity in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: Two adult rabbits were submitted for necropsy at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus Concórdia, within an interval of twenty days. Herd was represented by 40 animals, of which six fattening rabbits and three breeders died.  Animals were kept in suspended cages with slatted floor. Clinical signs were represented by prostration, sneezing, and mucopurulent nasal discharge. In addition, wounds were observed in the distal portion of the limbs. Death occurred up to two days after the onset of clinical signs. Necropsies were performed and tissue samples were collected for histopathologic, immunohistochemical and microbiologic (bacterial culture and antibiogram) exams. At the necropsy, severe diffuse fibrinous exudate covering the pericardium sac, visceral and parietal pleural surfaces was noted, as well as multiple diaphragm adhesions. In addition, the lungs presented diffuse red coloration and showed multiple abscesses ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter. The nasal sinus and the tracheal mucosa showed diffuse reddening (rabbits 1 and 2). Abscesses up to 2 cm in diameter were observed in the mammary glands (rabbit 1), heart and kidneys (rabbit 2). The urinary bladder was distended by cloudy urine and moderate amount of purulent exudate (rabbits 1 and 2). Histopathological evaluation revealed diffuse marked fibrinosuppurative pleuritis associated with severe multifocal suppurative bronchopneumonia (rabbits 1 and 2), as well as multifocal marked mastitis (rabbit 1), nephritis and myocarditis (rabbit 2). Also, intralesional bacterial aggregates and thrombosis were observed in both cases.  Pasteurella multocida type A was isolated through bacterial culture, and antibiogram showed sensitivity to all tested antibiotics. Immunohistochemistry showed mild multifocal positive staining for P. multocida in the visceral pleura in both cases.Discussion: In the present case, P. multocida type A led to suppurative bronchopneumonia, pulmonary abscesses and fibrinosuppurative pleuritis in both rabbits. In addition, abscesses affecting the kidneys, heart and mammary glands were observed. These findings are typically seen in this condition in rabbits, and similar lesions may be noted in pigs. It is believed that nutritional, climatic and hierarchical changes may predispose to the development of the disease. In the present outbreak, the disease may have initially affected fattening rabbits, which are more exposed to stressful events, and then bacterial spread to breeders sharing the same facility may have occurred. Furthermore, contributing factors include concomitant bacterial infections, and the level of virulence of the bacterial strain involved in the outbreak. In the present study, the diagnosis of pasteurellosis in rabbits was based on the epidemiological, gross, histopathological, bacterial and immunohistochemical findings. It is believed that the present report will improve the understanding of the disease in rabbits in Brazil, since rare descriptions of the condition are currently available nationwide. 

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