scholarly journals An Intranasal Vaccination with a Recombinant Outer Membrane Protein H against Haemorrhagic Septicemia in Swamp Buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anucha Muenthaisong ◽  
Boondarika Nambooppha ◽  
Amarin Rittipornlertrak ◽  
Pallop Tankaew ◽  
Thanya Varinrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Ability ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Swamp Buffaloes ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Cellular Immune

Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is an important infectious disease in cattle and buffaloes, caused by Pasteurella multocida B:2 and E:2. The intranasal recombinant OmpH-based vaccine was successfully used to protect dairy cattle from HS in a previous study. Thus, this study aimed to examine the protective ability of that vaccine among buffaloes. Four groups of Thai swamp buffaloes received different vaccines and were labeled as 100 or 200 μg of the rOmpH with CpG-ODN2007, commercial HS bacterin vaccine, and nonvaccinated control groups. Sera and whole blood were collected to examine the antibody levels and cellular immune response using indirect ELISA and MTT assay, respectively. Challenge exposure was performed with virulent P. multocida strain M-1404 serotype B:2 on day 72 of the experiment. The antibody titers to P. multocida among immunized buffaloes were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.01), especially the 200 μg of the rOmpH group. The stimulation index (SI) of the intranasally vaccinated groups revealed significantly higher levels than the nonvaccinated group (p<0.01), but not different from the intramuscularly commercial HS vaccine. The clinical signs and high fever were observed after challenge exposure in the nonvaccinated group, while it was not observed among the 200 μg of rOmpH immunized buffaloes. The other immunized groups showed partial protection with transient fever. In conclusion, the rOmpH-based intranasal vaccine could elicit protective ability and induce antibody- and cell-mediated immune response against virulent P. multocida strain among swamp buffaloes.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Differential Expression Profiling of Pulmonary circRNAs Associated With Immune Reaction to Pasteurella multocida in Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Chen ◽  
Zhenxing Zhang ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Yiwen Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Wide Range

Pasteurella multocida is a highly versatile pathogen that infects a wide range of animals, including goats, causing pneumonia and hemorrhagic septicemia. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA that plays an important role in regulating cellular metabolism. However, whether and how circRNA is involved in regulating immune responses in the goat lung has not been reported. Thus, this study was designed to examine the function of circRNA in goats infected with Pasteurella multocida. Goats were assigned into one of two groups: an uninfected control group (CK) and an infected group challenged with P. multocida. Compared with the CK group, which remained healthy, the infected goats showed clinical signs of infection, including depression, cough, nasal discharge, and dyspnea, along with elevated body temperature and lesions in the lung. Whole-transcriptome sequencing and small RNA sequencing were then performed using lung samples from goats from each group. A total of 138 circRNA, 56 microRNAs (miRNA), and 2,673 messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules were significantly differentially expressed in the P. multocida-infected group compared with the CK group. Randomly selected differentially expressed circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA molecules (n = 5 per group) were then validated by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the source genes indicated that six immune-related terms were enriched among the differentially expressed cirRNA molecules, including inflammatory response, immune effector process, cell activation involved in immune response, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, response to endogenous stimulus, and immune response. The corresponding circRNA molecules were then selected for construction of a competitive endogenous RNA network to identify networks that may be involved in the immune response to P. multocida infection. The results indicated that P. multocida HN01 may cause pneumonia and stimulate an immune response in goats via regulation of circRNA expression. This study presents the first comprehensive circRNA profile in response to P. multocida infection in goats, thus, providing a basis for understanding the function of circRNA in the host immune response to P. multocida infection.

scholarly journals How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Thaís Almeida Corrêa ◽  
Jéssica Fiorotti ◽  
Emily Mesquita ◽  
Laura Nóbrega Meirelles ◽  
Mariana Guedes Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Cellular Immune

Dopamine (DA) is a biogenic monoamine reported to modulate insect hemocytes. Although the immune functions of DA are known in insects, there is a lack of knowledge of DA’s role in the immune system of ticks. The use of Metarhizium anisopliae has been considered for tick control, driving studies on the immune response of these arthropods challenged with fungi. The present study evaluated the effect of DA on the cellular immune response and survival of Rhipicephalus microplus inoculated with M. anisopliae blastospores. Exogenous DA increased both ticks’ survival 72 h after M. anisopliae inoculation and the number of circulating hemocytes compared to the control group, 24 h after the treatment. The phagocytic index of tick hemocytes challenged with M. anisopliae did not change upon injection of exogenous DA. Phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of ticks injected with DA and the fungus or exclusively with DA was higher than in untreated ticks or ticks inoculated with the fungus alone, 72 h after treatment. DA was detected in the hemocytes of fungus-treated and untreated ticks. Unveiling the cellular immune response in ticks challenged with entomopathogenic fungi is important to improve strategies for the biological control of these ectoparasites.

scholarly journals Oral Meloxicam Administration in Sows at Farrowing and Its Effects on Piglet Immunity Transfer and Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Navarro ◽  
Eva Mainau ◽  
Ricardo de Miguel ◽  
Déborah Temple ◽  
Marina Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Piglet Serum ◽  
Cellular Immune

Many factors can lead to an inadequate development of piglets during their first days of life, including poor maternal behavior, which can be due to pain caused by farrowing, and reduced colostrum ingestion. This study investigates the action of meloxicam administered orally at farrowing on piglet weight gain and immunity transfer. Thirty-five multiparous sows were divided into two groups and treated with 0.4 mg/kg of oral meloxicam (oral meloxicam group; n = 18) or with a mock administration (control group; n = 17). A total of 382 piglets were individually weighed on the farrowing day (day 0), as well as on days +9 and +20. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A (IgA) concentrations in piglet serum and in sow's saliva, colostrum and milk were measured. Additionally, Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interferon gamma (IFN-⋎) in serum of piglets and in sow's milk or colostrum were studied. All samples were obtained on days +1, +9, and +20. Piglets from sows in the oral meloxicam group tended to grow faster from day +9 to day +20 than did piglets from control sows (p = 0.059), and this difference was also observed in piglets with low body weight (BW) at birth (p = 0.056). The oral meloxicam group sows tended to increase the colostrum levels of IgA and IgG, as compared with control sows on day +1 (p = 0.068 and p = 0.072, respectively). IgA levels in piglet serum from the oral meloxicam group were significantly higher than in the control group on day +1 and +9 (p = 0.019 and p = 0.011 respectively). Furthermore, IL-2 and IL-4 levels in the serum of piglets from sows in the oral meloxicam group tended to be higher than that in the control group on day +9 (p = 0.078 and 0.056, respectively). The administration of meloxicam orally at the beginning of farrowing in multiparous sows increased immunoglobin and cytokine concentrations in colostrum, improving both humoral and cellular immune response of piglets. Pre-weaning growth of piglets born with a low BW improved in the meloxicam-treated group.

scholarly journals Morphological parameters of geese blood in amidostomy invasion

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (102) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
S. Mykhailiutenko ◽  
O. Zhulinska
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Amidostomum Anseris ◽  
The Village

The vital activity of the body of waterfowl depends on many factors, but primarily on the state of the erythrocytopoiesis system. This is a unique mechanism that occupies a dominant position in ensuring tissue respiration and stability of metabolic processes in the body. Based on research and analysis of publications, it can be argued that changes in erythrocytopoiesis indicate a pathological condition, which in the early stages of helminthiasis occurs without pronounced clinical signs. It is known that the nematode – Amidostomum anseris – hematophagous. The condition of erythrocytopoiesis is most studied in cattle and carnivores. In Ukraine, not enough attention is paid to the study of morphological parameters in geese. Therefore, in order to determine the effect of amidost on the morphological parameters of sick goslings, an experimental group of birds aged 1.5 months, as well as a control group (eight heads in each) was formed. The work was performed in the conditions of individual peasant farms in the village of Decembrists of Myrhorod district of the Poltava region. Morphological parameters were studied according to generally accepted methods. The article summarizes the results of the experiment on the effect of amidostom on the performance of infested goslings of the large gray breed. It was found that parasitism in waterfowl species A. anseris led to changes in the overall analysis of the blood of geese: a decrease in hemoglobin by 8.39, the number of erythrocytes – 13.46 %, a significant increase in the number of leukocytes to 24.44 G/l. At the same time, a morphological study of the shaped elements of the bird's blood with a differential calculation of the leukocyte formula was performed. There was a decrease in the number of segmental neutrophils (22.0 ± 0.57) compared with the control group (26.5 ± 1.45) due to lymphocytes and monocytes, which, in our opinion, is associated with the adaptation of the organism to parasitism of nematodes. The results of morphological studies of the blood of infested goslings indicate significant changes in their body and may indicate activation of the cellular immune system.

Abstract 47: Treatment With a DNA Vaccine in Experimentally Trypanosoma cruzi -infected Dogs Modulates Cellular Immune Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minerva Arce-Fonseca ◽  
Ana C Carbajal-Hernández ◽  
Mónica Lozano-Camacho ◽  
Silvia C Carrillo-Sánchez ◽  
Martha Rios-Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Cellular Immune

Chagas Disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi . Eight million people are infected in Latin America and 10,000 die annually; because CD has prolonged chronicity is considered the parasitic disease with greater economic burden in Latin America. The 30% to 40% of patients develop chronic chagasic cardiomyopathies and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It has not found an effective treatment to cure the chronic disease; nifurtimox and benznidazole in the acute stage offer controversial results. The objective of this study was to test a treatment with plasmid DNA containing T. cruzi genes in dogs with experimental CD and to determine the cellular immune response. Thirty Beagle dogs were divided into 6 groups with 5 dogs each. Dogs from five groups were intraperitoneally infected with 3500 metacyclic trypomastigotes / kg body weight. Two weeks after infection, intramuscular therapeutic vaccinations were administered thrice at 2-week intervals. The plasmids used were: pBCSSP4 (containing a gene encoding an amastigote-specific protein), pBCSP (containing a gene encoding a trans -sialidase protein), pBCSSP4 + pBCSP and pBK-CMV (empty vector); control groups were saline solution mock- treated and non-infected/non-treated dogs. IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha levels were determined by ELISA in each of the serum samples at different times. The proliferative response of spleen cells in vitro at 15 and 30 days after last treatment was studied. IL-6 and IL-12 levels were slightly increased in pBCSSP4 plasmid-treated animals; TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels rose after pBCSP plasmid treatment. Treatment with either two recombinant plasmids produced no increase in IL-1 levels. The use of mixed plasmid did not have a synergistic effect. Cell proliferation was induced by DNA plasmid treatment. The highest stimulation index (2.5) was observed in pBCSSP4 plasmid-treated dogs. In conclusion, cellular immune responses are stimulated by therapeutic DNA vaccine; pBCSP plasmid treatment showed polarized type Th1 immune response, while there was a balance in Th1 / Th2 response when pBCSSP4 plasmid was used as treatment. These results support the promising novel therapeutic application with DNA using TcSSP4 and TcSP genes against CD.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii: humoral and cellular immune response of BALB/c mice immunized via intranasal route with rTgROP2

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Igarashi ◽  
Dauton Luiz Zulpo ◽  
Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha ◽  
Luiz Daniel Barros ◽  
Vanessa Figueredo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Iptg Induction ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

TgROP2 is an intracellular protein associated with rhoptries of Toxoplama gondii and an antigen component of a candidate vaccine for toxoplasmosis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of rTgROP2 to stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice via intranasal injection. TgROP2 partial coding sequence was (196-561) amplified by PCR from genomic T. gondii RH strain DNA and cloned into the pTrcHis expression vector. Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 cells transformed with pTrcHis-TgROP2 showed high levels (~1 mg.mL-1) of recombinant protein after 4 hours of IPTG induction. Recombinant TgROP2 exhibited an apparent Mr equal to 54 kDa. In order to test immunogenicity of the recombinant protein, 10 BALB/c mice received 10 µg of rROP2 protein + 10 µg of Quil-A via intranasal injection. Doses were administered at days 0, 21, and 42. Three animals were euthanized and used to evaluate cell-ular immune response on day 62. Five (50%) and two (20%) out of ten animals produced IgG (DO mean = 0.307; cut-off = 0.240) and IgA (DO mean = 0.133, cut-off = 0.101), respectively, by ELISA on day 62. The proliferation of splenocytes revealed high stimulation index (SI) when co-cultured with 5, 10 and 15 µg.mL-1 of rTgROP2. These results indicate that intranasal immunization with recombinant protein ROP2 plus Quil-A can elicit both cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice.

scholarly journals Immunostimulant Effect of Egyptian Propolis in Rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somya A. Nassar ◽  
Amira H. Mohamed ◽  
Hamdy Soufy ◽  
Soad M. Nasr ◽  
K. M. Mahran
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Tissue Specimens

The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of ethanolic extract of Egyptian propolis given alone or in combination with inactivatedPasteurella multocidavaccine on rabbits challenged with a virulent strain ofPasteurella multocida. Fifty-six New-Zealand rabbits, 6–8 weeks old and non-vaccinated against pasteurellosis, were randomly divided into eight equal groups. The first group was kept as a control for the experiment. The other groups received different treatments with propolis extract, inactivated vaccine, or both. The experiment continued for seven weeks during which clinical signs, body weight, and mortality rate were monitored, and blood samples were collected weekly for evaluating the leukogram, serum biochemistry, and immune response in all groups of animals. At the end of the seventh week, the animals were subjected to challenge with a virulent strain ofPasteurella multocida. Two weeks later, tissue specimens were collected from different organs for histopathological examination. Results showed that rabbits of the groups treated with both propolis and the vaccine by different routes appeared healthy after challenge. It has been concluded that alcoholic extract of propolis administrated in combination with inactivatedPasteurella multocidavaccine has no adverse effects on the general health conditions and enhances immune response in rabbits.

Immunopathological effects of experimental T-2 mycotoxicosis in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 096032712096885
Author(s):  
Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Anil Kumar Sharma ◽  
Nittin Dev Singh ◽  
Shahid Prawez
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response

It is well known that T-2 toxin has cytotoxic radiomimetic like effects on the immune system. Because of scant research data demonstrating the chronic effects of low doses of the T-2 toxin on humoral and cellular responses in rats, the present experiment was undertaken. The animals were divided into four groups, namely, group I (0.5 ppm), group II (0.75 ppm) and group III (1.0 ppm) and group IV (control) were given toxin-free diet for 12 weeks and eight animals each were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12-week of the experimental period. The humoral immune response was evaluated based on hemagglutination test (HA), and levels of serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) while the cell-mediated immune response was evaluated by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to ovalbumin, lymphocyte stimulation index, analyses of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and mRNA expression levels of selected cytokines like IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 by quantitative Real-time PCR in experimental groups. T-2 treatment caused suppression in both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses as evidenced by a decrease in all these parameters in toxin fed animals compared to the control in the dose and duration-dependent manner. This dose-dependent effect on the immune system has been further reflected largely by the depletion of lymphocytes from lymphoid organs as observed histopathologically in the spleen, thymus, and Peyer’s patches in the present study.

Seasonal decline in nestling cellular immunocompetence results from environmental factors — an experimental study

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 920-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dubiec ◽  
Mariusz Cichoń
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Date ◽  
Seasonal Environment ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Seasonal Decline

In a seasonal environment, immune function in bird nestlings has been reported to decline with hatching date. Two groups of factors are expected to contribute to this decline: (1) seasonal deterioration of environmental conditions, e.g., food availability, and (2) differences in individual quality between parents breeding early and late in the season. To distinguish between these effects, an experimental manipulation of hatching date in great tits (Parus major L., 1758) was conducted. Whole clutches were swapped between pairs of nests with a 6-day difference in expected hatching date, while some nests remained nonmanipulated, constituting a control group. Nestling T-cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin was negatively related to hatching date both within nonmanipulated control broods and all broods pulled together. Experimental change in hatching date produced changes in nestling immune response, as predicted from the seasonal trend observed in the control nests. Male and female nestlings did not differ in the level of immune response and the seasonal decline in immune response did not differ between sexes. Our results indicate that the seasonal decline in nestling immune function may be driven by date-dependent environmental conditions rather than differences in parental quality.

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