Key Learnings During the Development of a Generic Data Collection Tool to Support Assessment of Freedom of Infection in Cattle Herds

Various European Member States have implemented control or eradication programmes for endemic infectious diseases in cattle. The design of these programmes varies between countries and therefore comparison of the outputs of different control programmes is complex. Although output-based methods to estimate the confidence of freedom resulting from these programmes are under development, as yet there is no practical modeling framework applicable to a variety of infectious diseases. Therefore, a data collection tool was developed to evaluate data availability and quality and to collect actual input data required for such a modeling framework. The aim of the current paper is to present the key learnings from the process of the development of this data collection tool. The data collection tool was developed by experts from two international projects: STOC free (Surveillance Tool for Outcome-based Comparison of FREEdom from infection, www.stocfree.eu) and SOUND control (Standardizing OUtput-based surveillance to control Non-regulated Diseases of cattle in the EU, www.sound-control.eu). Initially a data collection tool was developed for assessment of freedom of bovine viral diarrhea virus in six Western European countries. This tool was then further generalized to enable inclusion of data for other cattle diseases i.e., infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and Johne's disease. Subsequently, the tool was pilot-tested by a Western and Eastern European country, discussed with animal health experts from 32 different European countries and further developed for use throughout Europe. The developed online data collection tool includes a wide range of variables that could reasonably influence confidence of freedom, including those relating to cattle demographics, risk factors for introduction and characteristics of disease control programmes. Our results highlight the fact that data requirements for different cattle diseases can be generalized and easily included in a data collection tool. However, there are large differences in data availability and comparability across European countries, presenting challenges to the development of a standardized data collection tool and modeling framework. These key learnings are important for development of any generic data collection tool for animal disease control purposes. Further, the results can facilitate development of output-based modeling frameworks that aim to calculate confidence of freedom from disease.

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An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.671873 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Xhelil Koleci ◽

Ali Lilo ◽

Sotiraq Papa ◽

Keti Margariti ◽

Annika van Roon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Disease Control ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Control Measures ◽

Cattle Industry ◽

Livestock Sector ◽

Animal Disease Control ◽

Cattle Diseases ◽

Control Programmes ◽

National Control

Agriculture is an important production sector in Albania that makes a significant contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. The livestock sector contributes more than half of the agricultural GDP. The Albanian cattle population represents 50% of the total livestock units and accounts for 85% of the national milk production, the rest being supplied by small ruminants. Cattle productivity, health and welfare are hindered by infectious diseases, some of which are also transmissible to humans (zoonosis). The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the control of selected regulated and non-EU regulated cattle diseases in Albania and to highlight specific challenges for the Albanian cattle industry. The most important infectious cattle diseases in Albania for which national control and eradication strategies are in place are bovine brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, and anthrax, which are all zoonotic. Additionally, lumpy skin disease recently emerged in the Balkan region and is currently subject to controls. Most of the available funds and European Union support are allocated to the control of EU regulated zoonotic diseases. For control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases, no funds are available resulting in the lack of national control programmes (CPs). Based on research, clinical investigations and laboratory results, several non-EU regulated cattle infectious diseases appear endemic in Albanian dairy farms. While no national CPs exist for any of them, regional initiatives are available on a voluntary basis to control infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea. In the voluntary CPs, there is no monitored requirement to prove disease freedom of purchased animals and to re-evaluate the herd's free status after the introduction of animals into a herd. Data on animal movements that are routinely collected could potentially be used to control the risk of purchase, but quality needs to be further improved to increase its usefulness in disease CPs. This overview aims to collate existing information on the CPs implemented in Albania and to evaluate these to highlight gaps and threats in disease control, as well as opportunities and strengths through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, with the goal of providing a framework for the future implementation of animal disease control measures in Albania.

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Peranan Bimbingan Keagamaan dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Remaja

Irsyad : Jurnal Bimbingan, Penyuluhan, Konseling, dan Psikoterapi Islam ◽

10.15575/irsyad.v7i2.58 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 233-252

Author(s):

Risna Dewi Kinanti ◽

Dudy Imanudin Effendi ◽

Abdul Mujib

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Boarding School ◽

Data Collection Tool ◽

Supportive Role ◽

Subject And Object ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Descriptive Approach ◽

Research Questions

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui proses bimbingan keagamaan, fungsi bimbingan keagamaan serta hasil bimbingan keagamaan dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual remaja di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari. Dengan pertanyaan penelitian 1) Bagaimana proses bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari?, 2) Bagaiamana fungsi bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari?, 3) Bagaimana hasil bimbingan keagamaan dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual remaja di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari?. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, dikarenakan masalah yang diteliti perlu dilukiskan secara sistematis dan faktual dengan menggambarkan keadaan atau status fenomena. Hasil bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding School SMK PPN adalah munculnya aspek-aspek kecerdasan spiritual pada remaja seperti kesadaran untuk menghayati proses ibadah bukan sebagai pengguguran kewajiban, terbiasa berperilaku baik, memiliki prinsip keadilan, memiliki prinsip kebenaran, mampu mengambil hikmah dari musibah yang dihadapinya, bersikap fleksibel, bersikap kritis dan merenungkan penyebab serta alasan segala sesuatu terjadi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding Schoool SMK PPN memiliki peranan yang sangat menunjang dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual remaja. The purpose of this study is to find out how the proccess of islamic guidance, function of islamic guidance, and result of islamic guidance to increase SpritualQuetiont in adolescence. With research questions 1) How the proccess of islamic guidance to increase spiritual quetiont on adolescence ?, 2) What is the function of islamic guidance to increase Spiritual Quetiont on adolescence?, 3) How are the results of islamic guidance to increase Spiritual Quetiont on adolescence?. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive approach with subject and object of research is guidancer. While the data collection tool in this study through observation, direct interview and written interviews. From the results of research conducted at Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari, it appears of Spiritual Quetiont in adolescents. Such as the behavior of living the worship process, get used to behave well, be fair, be wise, able to take lessons from the difficulties they experienced, be flexible, be critical. So, we can conclude that islamic Guidance has a very supportive role in increasing adolescent Spiritual Quetiont.

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SMS as a promising data collection tool for repeated measurements of consumption and incidence – Results from epidemiological studies on drinking water and acute gastroenteritis in 2012

10.26226/morressier.57fe118cd462b8028d8907bb ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Melle Säve-Söderbergh

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Data Collection ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Data Collection Tool

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Smart Phones As a Viable Data Collection Tool in Low-resource Settings: Case Study of Rwandan Community Health Workers

Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.2174/2213385204666160711155116 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 132-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suzana Brown ◽

Alan Mickelson

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Community Health ◽

Community Health Workers ◽

Health Workers ◽

Smart Phones ◽

Data Collection Tool ◽

Low Resource Settings ◽

Low Resource

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Flipped Classroom in Higher Education: Evaluation of the Process in the Framework of Community of Inquiry

Journal of Educational Technology Systems ◽

10.1177/00472395211031660 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004723952110316

Author(s):

Mustafa Serkan Günbatar

Keyword(s):

Preservice Teachers ◽

Data Collection ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Flipped Classroom ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Community Of Inquiry ◽

Teaching Presence ◽

Data Collection Tool ◽

Spring Semester ◽

Very High

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the instruction process using the flipped classroom (FC) model within the scope of Computer Networks and Communication course. Theoretically, the community of inquiry model was taken as a reference and the effectiveness of the instruction process was evaluated accordingly. Students were preservice teachers studying Computer Education and Information Technology in the third grade in the Van region in Turkey. There were a total of 19 students, of which 12 are male and seven are female. FC process was carried out in the spring semester of 2018–2019 and lasted 11 weeks in total. A mixed-method design was used to gathering the data. Therefore, the research design was an explanatory design from mixed-methods designs. The quantitative data collection tool was the Turkish version of the Community of Inquiry Survey. The quantitative data were analyzed by dividing the students into very low, low, high, and very high levels. The qualitative data collection tool was the interview form created concerning the community of inquiry model. The qualitative data were analyzed by the use of the community of inquiry coding template's themes. At the end of the instruction process, students had a very high level of cognitive, social, and teaching presence perception. This situation was detailed and supported with the qualitative data obtained. Concerning the cognitive presence, the students firstly talked about that they started the learning process with videos. Regarding the social presence, they mentioned the motivating effect of the questions. About the teaching presence, participants firstly mentioned the direct instruction role of the videos.

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Time-Varying Convergences of Environmental Footprint Levels between European Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071813 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1813

Author(s):

Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım ◽

Seda Yıldırım ◽

Seyfettin Erdoğan ◽

Işıl Demirtaş ◽

Gualter Couto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecological Footprint ◽

Unit Root Test ◽

Data Availability ◽

European Countries ◽

Time Varying ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ecological Footprints ◽

Window Method ◽

International Policies ◽

Rolling Window

This study proposes the time-varying nonlinear panel unit root test to investigate the convergence of ecological foot prints between the EU and candidate countries. Sixteen European countries (such as Albania, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden and Turkey) and analysis periods are selected according to data availability. This study proposes a cross-sectional Panel KSS with Fourier to test the convergence of the ecological footprints. Then, we combine this methodology with the rolling window method to take into account the time-varying stationarity of series. This study evaluated sub-components of ecological footprints separately and provided more comprehensive findings for the ecological footprint. According to empirical findings, this study proves that convergence or divergence does not show continuity over time. On the other side, this study points out the presence of divergence draws attention when considering the properties of the sub-components in general. As a result, this study shows that international policies by EU countries are generally accepted as successful to reduce ecological footprint, but these are not sufficient as expected. In this point, it is suggested to keep national policies to support international policies in the long term.

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