scholarly journals Perspectives for Buck Kids in Dairy Goat Farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Meijer ◽  
Vivian C. Goerlich ◽  
René van den Brom ◽  
Mona F. Giersberg ◽  
Saskia S. Arndt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Goat Farming

To start milk production, dairy goats need to give birth at least once. While most female kids are reared to become the next generation of dairy goats, only a small proportion of male kids (buck kids) are reared with reproduction aims. The market for buck kid meat, especially within Northern European countries, is currently relatively small compared to the number of bucks born. Therefore, the purposes for buck kids are limited and a substantial proportion of buck kid meat is used for pet food. Due to the limited economic value of buck kids, farmers are faced with a dilemma. Although raising bucks costs more money than it yields, the birth of kids is a prerequisite for production of milk and should be seen as an investment for business-wise healthy dairy goat farming. In that perspective, dairy goat farmers have an ethical responsibility toward buck kids, as well. In this paper, we compare various scenarios of dealing with the issue of surplus male animals. We provide recommendations for the rearing of buck kids based on the sector‘s experience and current practice in the Netherlands. Reducing the number of surplus (male) offspring, e.g., by an optimized prolonged lactation management and/or by artificial insemination with sex-sorted semen, could alleviate the issue of low value buck kids. Killing surplus animals before or directly after birth, on the other hand, is met with increasing societal scrutiny. Initiatives to propagate a market for buck kid meat for human consumption are important to enable a suitable and sustainable production system. To maintain the health and welfare of goat kids, amongst other factors, sufficient and good quality colostrum, milk, and an appropriate diet as they grow older, needs to be provided. One option to assure the safeguarding of health and welfare of all goat kids are quality assurance schemes for milk production. These schemes make dairy farmers accountable for the health and welfare of all kids in the rearing period, including the provision of colostrum and adequate care for newborn buck kids. We conclude that the combination of reducing the number of surplus kids, increasing the demand for goat products, and quality assurance schemes that may help to safeguard the welfare of buck kids.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Susu Kambing Perah Peranakan Etawa (PE) di Desa Limpok Kecamatan Darussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Rini Afrida ◽  
Edy Marsudi ◽  
Ismayani Ismayani
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Livestock Farm ◽  
Simultaneous Test ◽  
Object Of Study

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI SUSU KAMBING PERAH PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE) DI DESA LIMPOK KECAMATAN DARUSSALAM KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR (STUDI KASUS DI UD. ATJEH LIVESTOCK FARM) OLEH Rini Afrida / Agribisnis Universitas Syiah Kuala  ABSTRAK Susu kambing perah merupakan komoditas yang cukup penting di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  Menganalisis pengaruh jumlah pemberian pakan hijauan dan  ampas tahu terhadap  produksi susu kambing perah di UD. Atjeh Livestock Farm yang berada  di Desa Limpok Kecamatan Darussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus dengan objek penelitian seluruh kambing perah peranakan etawa (PE) yang memproduksi susu di UD. Atjeh Livestock Farm. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Model Cobb Douglas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel jumlah pakan hijauan dan ampas tahu mempunyai pengaruh nyata baik secara  serempak  maupun parsial terhadap produksi   susu, dimana diperoleh nilai dari uji serempak untuk   Fhit = 138.415 sedangkan untuk Ftabel = 3.98, karena nilai Fhit = 138.415   Ftabel = 3.98, maka kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah menolak H0. Artinya variabel hijauan  dan ampas tahu secara bersama – sama mempunyai pengaruh nyata terhadap produksi susu kambing perah, sedangkan dari uji parsial diperoleh nilai variabel hijauan untuk thitung = 4,016 sedangkan ttabelnya = 2,17881, karena nilai thitung= 4,016   ttabel = 2,17881, maka kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah menolak H0. Begitu juga untuk  variabel ampas tahu  diperoleh nilai untuk thitung =  2,255 sedangkan ttabelnya = 2,17881, karena nilai thitung = 2,255   ttabel = 2,17881, maka kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah menolak H0. Artinya  variabel hijauan maupun ampas tahu mempunyai pengaruh nyata terhadap produksi susu kambing perah.ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION OF GOAT MILK DAIRY CROSSBREED ETAWA (PE) IN THE LIMPOK VILLAGE SUB-DISTRICTS OF DARUSSALAM ACEH BESAR REGENCY(A Case Study in UD. Atjeh Livestock Farm)ABSTRACT Dairy goat milk is a commodity that is quite important in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the number of feeding forage and pulp out of the milk production of dairy goats in UD. Atjeh Livestock Farm that are in the Limpok village sub-district of Darussalam Aceh Besar regency. The method used is the case study method with the object of study throughout the dairy goat hybrid etawa (PE), which produces milk in UD. Atjeh Livestock Farm. The analytical method used in this study is a model Cobb Douglas. The results showed that the variable amount of green feed and tofu has a real influence both simultaneously and partially to the production of milk, which gained the value of simultaneous test for Fcount = 138.415 whereas for Ftable = 3.98, because the value Fcount = 138.415   Ftable = 3.98, the conclusions that can be drawn is to reject H 0. This means that the variable forages and pulp out together have a significant effect on the milk production of dairy goats, whereas the values obtained from the partial test variable forage for tcount = 4,016 whereas ttable = 2,17881, because the value of tcount= 4,016   ttable = 2,17881, the conclusions that can be drawn is to reject H 0. Likewise for variable pulp out obtained value for tcount =  2,255 whereas ttable  = 2,17881, because the value of tcount = 2,255   ttable = 2,17881, the conclusions that can be drawn is to reject H 0. This means that the variable forage or pulp out has a significant effect on the milk production of dairy goats.  

How can grass-based dairy farmers reduce the carbon footprint of milk?

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O'Brien ◽  
A. Geoghegan ◽  
K. McNamara ◽  
L. Shalloo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Milk Solids

The Irish dairy industry aims to increase milk production from grass-based farms following the removal of the EU milk-quota system, but is also required to minimise greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to meet European reduction targets. Consequently, the sector is under increasing pressure to reduce GHG emissions per unit of milk, or carbon footprint (CF). Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine the main sources of the CF of grass-based milk production and to identify mitigation strategies that can be applied to reduce farm footprints. In total, the CF of milk was estimated for 62 grass-based dairy farms in 2014. The method used to quantify GHG emissions was a life cycle assessment (LCA), independently certified to comply with the British standard for LCA (PAS 2050). The LCA method was applied to calculate annual on- and off-farm GHG emissions associated with dairy production until milk was sold from the farm in CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq). Annual GHG emissions computed using LCA were allocated to milk on the basis of the economic value of dairy products and expressed per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk to estimate CF. Enteric methane was the main source of the CF of milk (46%), followed by emissions from inorganic N fertilisers (16%), manure (16%) and concentrate feedstuffs (8%). The mean CF of milk from the 62 farms was 1.26 kg of CO2-eq per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, but varied from 0.98 kg to 1.67 kg as measured using the 95% confidence interval. The CF of milk was correlated with numerous farm attributes, particularly N-fertiliser, the percentage of grazed grass in the diet, and production of milk solids. Grass-based dairy farmers can significantly improve these farm attributes by increasing herd genetic merit, extending the length of the grazing season and optimising N fertiliser use and, thereby, reduce the CF of milk.

scholarly journals Oxytocin Hormone Induction on Milk Production in Relation to Dairy Kid Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Mas Yedi Sumaryadi ◽  
Dadang Mulyadi Saleh ◽  
Aras Prasetiyo Nugroho ◽  
Nu'man Hidayat ◽  
Chomsiatun Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Daily Milk Production

The application of oxytocin induction to milk production in relation to the performance of kids in dairy goats had been carried out in the "PEGUMAS" dairy goat farmer group Gumelar District, Banyumas. This activity aimed to increase milk production and kid performance through the induction of the hormone oxytocin in dairy goats. The approach method was designed in two stages: the first stage carried out the socialization activities and demonstration of techniques for applying IPTEKS, and the second stage applied hormonal technology in the form of oxytocin hormone induction in dairy goats. The material used was dairy goat parity I aged 1.5 - 2 years allocated into 2 groups of 10 individuals each. Group I was dairy goat experiment not induced with the oxytocin hormone as the control. Group II was dairy goat experiment induced with the oxytocin hormone at a dose of 1 ml (10 IU) intramuscularly before milking. Milk production was measured morning and evening as daily milk production in milliliters (ml). Milk was given to the kid of each parent. The kid's performance was measured based on the daily weight gain of the kid during the study. Overall, the application of science and technology could be adopted by farmers, and oxytocin-induced dairy goat milk production (503.2 ml) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than control (305.4 ml) with an increase of 64.77%, with a positive level of correlation (r = 0.45) and contributed 19.83% to the kids daily body weight gain.

scholarly journals Mastitis in dairy goats from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: profiles of farms, risk factors and characterization of bactéria

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1742-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magna C. Lima ◽  
Marina C.C. Souza ◽  
Isis F. Espeschit ◽  
Pedro A.C.C. Maciel ◽  
Jéssica E. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: The Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais has a specialized goat milk production chain. Goat milk is superior in quality compared with milk of other domestic species, and the demand for milk and milk products for the public has increased. Data on dairy goat breeding in Minas Gerais are scarce and relatively old, and this lack of information has limited the implementation of prophylactic measures, especially for mastitis, which represents the biggest sanitary problem for dairy herds. The objective of this work was to characterize mastitis and bacteria associated with it in milking goats in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. It also causes socioeconomic problems and market issues for dairy goat farming. A total of 539 lactating goats were examined and 268 individual samples (one for teat) were collected from animals positive for strip cup test and/or the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Microbiological cultures were carried out on blood agar medium and the bacteria were subjected to phenotypic, genotypic and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 28.0% and the clinical prevalence was 2.8%. Bacterial multiplication was obtained in 62% of samples. One hundred eighty seven total bacteria were identified. The most common species identified was Staphylococcus aureus (60%), followed Staphylococcus epidermidis (9.1%,), Escherichia coli (6.9%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5.9%) e Staphylococcus caprae (4.3%). Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus presented a profile of resistance to antimicrobials belonging to the beta-lactam class (penicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin) in addition to tetracycline, in contrast to the other antimicrobials tested. Twelve percent of multidrug resistence (MDR) was found in five microregions. Among the bacteria with the highest prevalence of MDR, 38.5% were E. coli and 10.6% were S. aureus. The producers of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais are technicians who work with specialized dairy breeds and practise good management. However, some measures related to prophylaxis and control of diseases, such as vaccination, have low adherence or are not performed due to a lack of veterinary assistance. This is the first study focusing on this region, which is highly prominent in goat milk production in Brazil. It provides important information that can help in the implementation of measures for the prophylaxis and control of diseases, and for maintenance of a constant supply of products in sufficient quantities and of a quality suitable for the consumer population.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Kenya Alpine Dairy Goat Milk Production in Nyeri Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mburu Monica ◽  
Mugendi Beatrice ◽  
Makhoka Anselimo ◽  
Muhoho Simon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>In Kenya use of exotic dairy goats in breeding programmes for smallholder production systems has become popular, but information on the milk production is scarce. A study was carried out to assess the milk yield of dairy goats reared in high potential and semi arid areas of Nyeri County. This involved 190 smallholder farmers rearing Alphine dairy goats in Nyeri County and registered with Dairy Goat association of Kenya (DGAK). Which formed 100% sampling of the population under study. The grade, feeding practices and age of the dairy goats were evaluated. The dairy goat average milk production was 1.90 litres per day, with the appendix grade in Kieni East giving the highest production of 2.69 liters per day while foundation grade in Mukurweini gave the lowest, 0.98 litres per day. The higher milk production in Kieni East, which is a semi arid area, was noted to be due to good feeding practices where 43% of the farmers used concentrates during milking and also 48% supplemented the feed with minerals. In the high potential area of Mukurweini none of the farmers used mineral supplements with only 5% using concentrates during milking. The age of the dam significantly affected the average milk production, with the onset of production being the age of 2.0 years, reaching the peak at the age of 6.5 years. Kieni East, gave the highest production of 4.2 litres at the age of 6 years. The results demonstrated that the low-input farming conditions affected the Alphine goats milk production.</p>

scholarly journals Native and introduced forage cacti in Saanen dairy goat diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51029
Author(s):  
Pedro Etelvino de Góes Neto ◽  
José Geraldo Medeiros da Silva ◽  
Emerson Moreira de Aguiar ◽  
Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira da Costa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

This study aimed to assess the nutrient intake and milk production of dairy goats fed with total mixed rations with different species of forage cacti. Five pluriparous Saanen goats (50 ± 4 kg) at nine weeks of lactation were allocated in a Latin square (5 x 5) with five diets and five periods. Each period was composed of 10 days for adaptation and seven days for collection. The treatments were composed of 473.0 to 501.0 g kg-1 of forage cacti: xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei), mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru), facheiro (Pilosocereus chrysostele), cactus cladodes cv. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and cactus cladodes cv. orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta); plus sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) (188.0 to 198.0 g kg-1) and concentrate (311.0 to 329.0 g kg-1). The intake of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, and water intake through diet components were unaffected by experimental diets. For milk production and feed efficiency, no difference was observed among the diets. All diets containing different species of forage cacti can be used for dairy goats feed.

scholarly journals No Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Goats

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Ylva Persson ◽  
Stefan Börjesson ◽  
Mattias Myrenås ◽  
Karl Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Swedish Dairy ◽  
Pcr Targeting

This short communication addresses the hypothesis that the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is low in dairy goats in Sweden. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is a widespread zoonotic bacterium of clinical importance in both animals and humans. In Sweden, MRSA is rare among both animals and humans. However, MRSA has been detected in a few goat herds in Sweden with a high within-herd occurrence of mecC-MRSA, but only a limited number of herds were investigated and most of them were not producing milk for human consumption. The prevalence of MRSA among dairy goat herds in Sweden is not known and a cross-sectional prevalence study was therefore conducted. A total of 22 bulk milk samples from the same number of herds, and pooled swabs from nose, mouth, and perineum from 113 goats, were collected during August and September 2019 for bacteriological investigation. After culturing on selective media, suspected isolates were confirmed as S. aureus using MALDI-TOF and subjected to PCR targeting the mecA and mecC genes to confirm MRSA status. No samples were found to be positive for MRSA, and there are therefore no indications of a spread of MRSA in Swedish dairy goat herds.

scholarly journals ЗАГАЛЬНОСВІТОВІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ГАЛУЗІ КОЗІВНИЦТВА ТА ОСНОВНІ ФАКТОРИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ КОЗЯЧОГО МОЛОКА

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
О. І. Кравченко ◽  
Ю. В. Карбан ◽  
С. О. Усенко ◽  
О. О. Васильєва ◽  
В. Г. Слинько ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
The World

The aim of our study was to research of the current state of goat milk production in Ukraine and the world and outlined the main factors, including genetic, that determine its quality and, accordingly, the quality of cheese. It has been established that the general global trends in the development of goat breeding indicate the growing role of this field in the nutrition of the population. Thus, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), there is a steady increase in both the number and gross goat milk production. According to the research conducted from 2015 to 2019, the number of dairy goats in the world increased by 6.8 % – to more than 215 million heads. The stable growth of them took place in Europe (+ 30.0 %) and Africa (+ 10.3%). The largest number of dairy goats was kept in 2019 in Asia (50.8 %) and Africa (40.0 %). Gross production of goat milk in the world by 4.9 % from 2015 to 2019 increased. In Ukraine, the situation in dairy goat breeding is still significantly different from global trends – during the period under study, the number of goats decreased by 6.8 %, gross milk production decreased by 14.5 %. The analytical material has been presented as to the dependence of the chemical composition of goat milk on genotypic and paratypic factors, such as: breed, age, yean season, lactation stages, duration of dry period and pregnancy, feeding, housing conditions, influence of the environment (temperature, humidity), body weight and etc. It has been noted that European breeds of dairy goats tend to have much greater potential for milk production than the local breeds that have not undergone selection changes. At the same time, many indigenous breeds of goats have higher dry matter content in milk and are better adapted to local housing and feeding conditions, especially under climate change. The global demand on goat milk products is predicted to increase as consumers become more demanding as to the quality of animal products, which are important in the daily diet owing to the optimal content of macro- and micronutrients.

scholarly journals Welfare Assessment of 30 Dairy Goat Farms in the Midwestern United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa N. Hempstead ◽  
Taylor M. Lindquist ◽  
Jan K. Shearer ◽  
Leslie C. Shearer ◽  
Vanessa M. Cave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Welfare Assessment

Dairy goat animal welfare assessment protocols have been developed and conducted in Europe and the United Kingdom for dairy goats; however, there are no published reports of large-scale welfare assessment for dairy goats on farms in the Midwestern United States (US). Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform welfare assessment of lactating dairy goats and identify the most prevalent welfare issues on 30 farms across the Midwestern US. Thirty dairy goat farms (self-selected) were enrolled in the study if they shipped milk for human consumption (regardless of herd size). The number of lactating does on each farm ranged from 34 to 6,500 goats, with a median number of 158 lactating does (mean ± SD: 602 ± 1,708 lactating does). The protocol used was developed from available literature on goat welfare assessment but modified for use in the Midwestern US. Observations were made without handling the animals and included 22 animal-based indicators evaluated at the group- and individual-level. The observations were conducted during ~3–5 h during a milking session (either morning or afternoon) and time in the home pen. Principal components analysis (PCA) was carried out on the welfare assessment data from each farm. The first two dimensions of the PCA explained 34.8% of the variation. The PCA biplot indicated correlations between indicators. The most prevalent conditions observed across the 30 farms included any knee calluses (80.9%), any claw overgrowth (51.4%), poor hygiene (14.9%), skin lesions (8.9%), poor hair coat condition (8.3%) and any ear pathology (8.0%). These results are the first to provide the Midwestern US dairy goat industry with information to improve commercial dairy goat welfare.

scholarly journals Economic values for a total merit index of dairy goats in Austria

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Birgit Fuerst-Waltl ◽  
Birgit Lang ◽  
Christian Fuerst
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Saanen Goat ◽  
Economic Weight ◽  
Important Trait

SummaryWhen defining a total merit index, all economically important traits, both performance and functional traits shall be considered. Aside from breeding values, their reliabilities and all genetic relationships, the knowledge of the economic importance of all traits involved is required. In this study, economic values were derived for the most numerous dairy goat breed in Austria, the Saanen goat. Calculated marginal utilities are expressed per average ewe place and year. The calculations were based on a herd model including dairy production, rearing and fattening of goat kids. Economic values are calculated by multiplying the marginal utilities with the genetic standard deviations of the traits. The economic value is thus defined by the value of one unit of genetic superiority of a trait. In order to derive the economic value of one trait, a single parameter in the model was varied while keeping all other traits constant. The relative economic values (in %) for the trait complexes were as follows: dairy : functional : meat traits = 74 : 25 : 1, respectively. Within the dairy complex, milk carrier yield was the most important trait, while in the functional traits fertility, defined as conception rate, had the highest economic weight.

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