scholarly journals Existence and Quality of Data on Control Programs for EU Non-regulated Cattle Diseases: Consequences for Estimation and Comparison of the Probability of Freedom From Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egle Rapaliute ◽  
Annika van Roon ◽  
Gerdien van Schaik ◽  
Inge Santman-Berends ◽  
Xhelil Koleci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Cattle Diseases

Some European countries have successfully implemented country-specific control programs (CPs) for infectious cattle diseases that are not regulated or are regulated only to a limited extent at the European Union (EU) level. Examples of such diseases include bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Johne's disease (JD). The CPs vary between countries in the design and quality of collected data as well as methods used to detect infection and estimate prevalence or probability of freedom from infection. Differences in disease status between countries and non-standardized approaches to assess freedom from infection pose a risk for countries with CPs for non-regulated diseases as infected animals may influence the progress of the disease control or eradication program. The implementation of output-based standards allows estimation and comparison of the probability of freedom for non-regulated cattle diseases in European countries. The aim of the current study was to assess the existence and quality of data that could be used for estimating freedom from infection in European countries. The online data collection tool was sent to 32 countries participating in the SOUND control COST Action and was completed by 24 countries. Data on cattle demographics and data from CPs of IBR and BVD exist in more than 50% of the response countries. However, data describing risk factors and CP of JD was reported as existing in <25% of the countries. The overall quality of data in the sections on demographics and CPs of IBR and BVD were evaluated as “good”, but risk factors and JD data were mostly evaluated as “fair.” Data quality was considered less good mainly due to two quality criteria: accessibility and accuracy. The results of this study show that the quantity and quality of data about cattle populations and CPs are relatively similar in many surveyed countries. The outcome of this work provides an overview of the current situation in the European countries regarding data on EU non-regulated cattle diseases and will further assist in the development and implementation of output-based standards.

scholarly journals A model for differentiating school shooters characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ioannou ◽  
Laura Hammond ◽  
Olivia Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Scaling Procedure ◽  
The Family ◽  
School Shooters

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential for developing a model for differentiating school shooters based on their characteristics (or risk factors) before the attack took place. Design/methodology/approach – Data on 40 school shootings was compiled from the National School Safety Center’s Report on School Associated Violent Deaths and media accounts. Content analysis of the cases produced a set of 18 variables relating to offenders’ characteristics (or risk factors). Data were subjected to Smallest Space Analysis (SSA), a non-metric multidimensional scaling procedure. Findings – Results revealed three distinct themes: Disturbed School Shooter, Rejected School Shooter and Criminal School Shooter. Further analysis identified links between these themes with the family background of the offender. Research limitations/implications – These findings have both significant theoretical implications in the understanding of school shooters and the crime in general. They offer potential for practical applications in terms of prevention and intervention strategies. A key limitation relates to the quality of data. Originality/value – This is the first study to develop a model for differentiating school shooter characteristics.

scholarly journals QUALITY ASSURANCE AT HIGHER NON-UNIVERSITY INSTITUTIONS: REVEALING THE EDUCATORS‘ ATTITUDES

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Danė Papečkienė
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
College Education ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
European Universities ◽  
The One

Lithuania having joined the European Union and seeking the education acquired in Lithuania to be internationally recognized, the necessity emerged to match the education standards with the systems of vocational training in European countries. The project plan (2002-2006) of the development of higher education in Lithuania states that the quality assurance is a top priority. The emphasis is laid on the fact that the quality assurance of higher education should not lack behind the one in the developed European countries. The quality assurance of higher education has been under discussion in the few recent years. How should be the studies organized in order to train students to be able to compete in the labor market of the dynamically developing European countries? To determine the dimensions and standards of the education quality that are common to Lithuanian universities and colleges it is essential to regard the worldwide experience and to apply it in the context of our country. The importance has been laid on the quality assurance at the European universities for the recent 10 years. The subsequent organizations were established in different countries all over the world. A number of the agencies dealing with the quality assurance of higher education started the network partnership. The established Centre for Quality Assessment in higher education plays a major role for implementing the external quality assurance policy in universities and colleges of Lithuania by contributing to the development of human resources. The object of this research is to reveal the educators’ attitudes at Marijampolė and Utena colleges towards the establishment of the quality assurance system at college. The research was done in November, 2004 at Marijampole and Utena colleges. There were 120 educator respondents at Marijampole College and 50 respondents at Utena College. 146 of them were lecturers and 24 were the administrative staff. The research done, the conclusions were made that the communities comprising the lecturers as well as the administrative staff of the colleges are concerned about the quality assurance of higher education and studies. The quality of higher non-university studies is being continuously assessed. Moreover, the system of quality assurance is being continuously developed. The educators both at Marijampole and Utena Colleges positively assess their input into the successive performance of the institutions taking an active part in making decisions related to the improvement of the inner system of quality assurance at the institutions. Key words: quality of studies, college, education.

scholarly journals Fostering the Quality of Care for People with Chronic Diseases, from Theory to Practice: The Development of Good Practices in Disease Prevention and Care in JA CHRODIS PLUS Using JA CHRODIS Recommendations and Quality Criteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelka Zaletel ◽  
Marina Maggini
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Care Health

In the frame of joint action in chronic diseases (JA CHRODIS), an extensive process at the European Union level was carried out to identify a core set of quality criteria and to formulate recommendations that improved prevention, early detection, and quality of care for people with chronic diseases. Diabetes was used as a model disease. The core set of quality criteria may be applied to develop and improve practices, programs, strategies, and policies in various domains (e.g., prevention, care, health promotion, education, and training). The quality criteria are general enough to be applied in countries with different political, administrative, social, and health care organizations. Moreover, they can be applied to a number of other chronic diseases. JA CHRODIS recommendations and quality criteria are being tested in a series of pilot actions within the JA CHRODIS PLUS. A total of 15 partners representing nine European countries worked together to implement pilot actions and generate practical lessons that could contribute to the further uptake and use of JA CHRODIS recommendations. Special emphasis is given to meaningful patient involvement in co-designing the pilot actions and to the sustainability and scalability of the pilot actions. These insights were found to be at the core of the learning from pilot actions to foster high quality care for people with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Regional Products in the Central and Eastern European Countries that Acceded to the European Union in May 2004

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Marcin Feltynowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Central European ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Eu

This article presents information about regional products registered by those Central European countries which joined the European Union structures in May 2004. Their membership facilitated the registration of regional products and their participation in the EU’s registration procedures. Regional and local products registered in the area of a country can become a base for the promotion of regional tourism in the regions of origin of these products. The brand recognition of these regional products also becomes a basis to improve the quality of the agricultural products and foodstuffs. This article presents the activities of the Central European countries which are members of the EU since 2004 in their registration of regional products. The presented data shows how many products were registered within each group of products, protected by the marks: Protected Designation of Origin, Protected Geographical Indication, and Traditional Speciality Guaranteed. Verification of the statistical data allows for analysis concerning the product class, as defined in the EU directives.

Estimating the Economic Impact of Tourism in the European Union: Review and Computation

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752110283
Author(s):  
Paolo Figini ◽  
Roberto Patuelli
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
High Degree

The article investigates the economic contribution of tourism to the GDP. We review background methodologies, systematically collect data for EU countries, and develop a sound and ready-to-use procedure for computing indirect and total economic impacts. The routine is then applied to selected destinations for which a minimum standard in the quality of data from Tourism Satellite Accounts and Input–Output tables is met. Methodologically, the article provides a tool for estimating the total contribution of tourism to output, gross value added, and employment. Empirically, the comparison of results across EU economies shows a high degree of heterogeneity in the tourism share to GDP, which is critically discussed. Our procedure delivers a key tool to researchers, industry leaders, and policy makers willing to investigate income and employment consequences of scenarios differing in the evolution of tourism demand, something of high relevance in the COVID-19 era.

Quality indicators for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care in nine European countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Campbell ◽  
Sabine Ludt ◽  
Jan Van Lieshout ◽  
Nicole Boffin ◽  
Michel Wensing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cardiovascular Care

Background With free movement of labour in Europe, European guidelines on cardiovascular care and the enlargement of the European Union to include countries with disparate health care systems, it is important to develop common quality standards for cardiovascular prevention and risk management across Europe. Methods Panels from nine European countries (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Slovenia, United Kingdom and Switzerland) developed quality indicators for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care. A two-stage modified Delphi process was used to identify indicators that were judged valid for necessary care. Results Forty-four out of 202 indicators (22%) were rated as valid. These focused predominantly on secondary prevention and management of established cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Less agreement on indicators of preventive care or on indicators for the management of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in patients without established disease was observed. Although 85% of the 202 potential indicators assessed were rated valid by at least one panel, lack of consensus among panels meant that the set that could be agreed upon among all panels was much smaller. Conclusion Indicators for the management of established cardiovascular disease have been developed, which can be used to measure the quality of cardiovascular care across a wide range of countries. Less agreement on how the quality of preventive care should be assessed was observed, probably caused by differences in health systems, culture and attitudes to prevention.

scholarly journals The dimensions of fiscal governance as the cornerstone of public finance sustainability: A general framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Giosi ◽  
Silvia Testarmata ◽  
Sandro Brunelli ◽  
Bianca Staglianò
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
European Union ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
General Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

Recently many European countries have incurred crises in public finance despite the fact that EU institutions have pushed the national governments toward the sustainability of public finance with compulsory and voluntary rules regarding fiscal governance. This paper investigates the relations between the quality of fiscal governance and the financial virtuosity of national fiscal policy. We proposed a general framework for analyzing the fiscal governance issue and we empirically tested the correlation between the dimensions of fiscal governance and the budgetary performance of EU countries. The results showed a positive correlation between the quality of fiscal governance in the EU countries and financial surplus in the period concerned. However further investigations are needed and an effort should be made to collect uniform data on fiscal governance in the European Union.

scholarly journals Rationale of perspective directions of standardization of medical care of the population of Ukraine at the turn of 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (13) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
D.D. Diachuk ◽  
O.L. Zyukov ◽  
O.M. Lishchyshyna
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Normative Documents

Abstract. The state of standardization of healthcare services to the population of Ukraine has to be critically analyzed and compared with the basic European recommendations on methodology. Since the standardization of healthcare services usually takes place under complex national conditions and is a component of the quality management system, we aimed to determine whether the methodology for standardizing healthcare services in Ukraine is consistent with the methods used in countries with strong economies. Aim: to determine whether the implementation and development of the methodology for standardizing healthcare services to the population of Ukraine corresponds to the approaches in the European Union, and to substantiate promising directions for improving the standardization of healthcare services to the population of Ukraine at the turn of 2020. Materials and methods. A historical analysis of the normative documents that currently define the methodology of standardization of healthcare services in Ukraine and their comparative analysis with the EU acquis in health care have been carried out. Results and discussion. Since the main responsibility for improving the quality of healthcare services belongs to government institutions, the common documents of the European Union on this issue are recommendative in nature. At the same time, a comparative analysis made it possible to identify the main achievements and gaps in the methodological support of standardization in the healthcare sector in Ukraine, to substantiate the directions for improving the standardization of healthcare services to the population of Ukraine at the turn of 2020. Conclusion. At the beginning of 2020, the methodology for standardizing healthcare services in Ukraine partially corresponds to the approaches typical of the European Union. At the present stage, improving the quality of healthcare services in Ukraine requires strengthening the accountability of government agencies, improving the procedure for implementing and updating health standards in accordance with existing data, establishing a connection between the quality criteria of healthcare services, the drug formulary and the list of available equipment based on a single evidence base and a single conceptual and terminological thesaurus, monitoring the compliance with standards and tariffs for medical (pharmaceutical) services through pilot implementation, monitoring of clinical indicators. The progress in these areas is possible providing that the methodology of evidence-based medicine is followed, with the broad involvement of healthcare professionals and healthcare service receivers.

scholarly journals Utilizing Open Data: A Primer for Public Procurement Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Csaba Csáki ◽  
Clifford P. McCue ◽  
Eric Prier
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
Data Program ◽  
Accountability Gap

Numerous open data initiatives by governments around the globe ostensibly promote better transparency and accountability, yet questions have arisen regarding the immediate usability of these datasets. This research reports on an attempt to utilize purchasing data published under the open data program of the European Union, which provides all expenditure data over certain thresholds from 33 European countries. However, the data and its informational quality as it has been published in CSV format leaves holes in trying to close that accountability gap across countries. This case study offers a recursive model which clearly conceptualizes the quality of data and information, and the research serves as a functional primer warning for users of the experientially-based issues of utilizing this and other open data. Key findings illuminate potential issues when working with open data and provide eight specific caveats on how to navigate the open data initiatives by governments.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION MULTILINGUALISM POLICY ON THE TRAINING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN ROMANIAN UNIVERSITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Larisa Koroliova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Language Teachers

The article highlited the European policy of multilingualism and multiculturalism of language education in European countries. Besides the article also deals with directions of joint activities of countries of the European Area in the organization of training foreign language teachers, the formation of uniform professional qualification standards for determining the professional definition of foreign language teachers, strategies and practical steps for the implementation of projects in the field of training foreign language teachers funded by the European Union and participation of European countries, in paticular Romania, in these projects. The European Union constantly emphasizes the fact that every citizen should be able to speak in his native language plus two other European languages, stresses the need to promote of linguistic diversity and the motivation of European citizens to learn less widely used languages and improve the quality of teaching foreign languages in educational establishments at different levels and focus its efforts to realize these ideas through the implementation of projects and programs that it has funded. The author focuses on the fact that Romania like all European countries is actively involved in the numerous projects and programs offered by the European Union as one of the priority areas of the Romanian Government is the quality of education at all levels and brings it in conformity with European standards. At the end of the article, the author concludes that the multilingual policy of the European Union has a certain influence on the training of foreign language teachers at the Romania Universities. The author also sums up that due to the participation in various educational projects and programs financed by the European Union among higher education institutions aimed at the development of multilingualism and multiculturalism of language education, the professional level of foreign languages teachers in Romania is increasing.

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