scholarly journals Performance, Serum Biochemical and Immunological Parameters, and Digestive Enzyme and Intestinal Barrier-Related Gene Expression of Broiler Chickens Fed Fermented Fava Bean By-Products as a Substitute for Conventional Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaam E. Omar ◽  
Hanan S. Al-Khalaifah ◽  
Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Reda M. Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Shefaa A. M. El-Mandrawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Fava Bean ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
By Products ◽  
Soybean Diet

Improving the nutritional quality of unconventional feed ingredients such as fava bean by-products can enhance their utilization by broiler chickens. Hence, the quality of fermented fava bean by-products (FFB), in addition to growth, nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme, and intestinal barrier-related gene expression, and serum biochemical and immunological parameters were evaluated in response to different levels of FFB. A total of 500 1-day-old broiler chicks (46.00 ± 0.388 g) were allocated to five groups with 10 replicates each (100 chicks per treatment). The first group was fed a corn–soybean diet (control diet), and the other four groups were fed a diet containing 5, 15, 25, and 35% FFB for 38 days. Birds fed 25% FFB exhibited maximum body weight gain (increase by 12.5%, compared with the control group) and the most improved feed conversion ratio. Additionally, birds fed FFB at 15, 25, and 35% showed improved dry matter and crude protein digestibility. Moreover, birds fed FFB at 25 and 35% exhibited a decrease in ileal pH and an increase in fiber digestibility (p < 0.05). Upregulation of digestive enzyme genes (AMY2A, PNLIP, and CCK) was observed in groups fed with FFB. The most prominent upregulation of genes encoding tight junction proteins (claudin-1, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecules) in the duodenum was observed in chicks fed 25 and 35% FFB (increase of 0.66-, 0.31-, and 1.06-fold and 0.74-, 0.44-, and 0.92-fold, respectively). Additionally, the highest expression level of enterocyte protective genes [glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), mucin-2 (MUC-2), and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP-6)] was detected in duodenum of chicks fed high levels of FFB. Substitution of corn–soybean diet with FFB had an inhibitory effect on cecal pathogenic microbes (Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens) and increased beneficial microflora (Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium), especially at high levels. Additionally, an increase was observed in IgM and lysozyme activity, with no effect on IgA in all groups fed FFB. All levels of FFB decreased cholesterol levels. Based on our results, we concluded that substitution of corn–soybean diet with FFB can improve the growth rate and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens, enhance their intestinal barrier functions, and increase the number of beneficial microorganisms. Using FFB at 25% had a positive effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens, and it could be utilized in poultry farms.

scholarly journals Dietary hybrid phytase and carbohydrases on nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bavaresco ◽  
Everton Luis Krabbe ◽  
Diego Surek ◽  
Edenilse Gopinger ◽  
Fernando Nicolas Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Poultry Diets

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of hybrid phytase, alone or combined with carbohydrases, in poultry diets with nutritional reductions of calcium, available phosphorus, and metabolizable energy on the nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens. A total of 1,875 broilers were distributed in five treatments in a completely randomized design, with 15 replicates of 25 chickens each. The treatments consisted of a positive control feed (T1) and of four negative controls (T2 to T5): T1, basal diet (BD) with corn and soybean; T2 and T3, BDs with reductions of 70 and 100 kcal kg-1 metabolizable energy, respectively, and both with reductions of 0.16% Ca and 0.15% available P; and T4 and T5, BDs with the same nutritional reductions, but supplemented with enzymes, i.e., T4 = T2 + 500 phytase units (FTU) per kilogram and T5 = T3 + 500 FTU kg-1 + 560 xylanase units (TXU) per kilogram + 250 glucanase units (TGU) per kilogram. The use of 500 FTU kg-1 hybrid phytase in pelleted corn-soybean meal diets allows a good digestive performance by broilers and replaces the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy at 70 kcal kg-1, as well as 0.16% Ca and 0.15% available P.

scholarly journals Biocidal potential of some organic by-products on sanitary and physiological quality of red and white fava beans seeds

2020 ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Maria Josilene de Oliveira Sousa ◽  
Fernandes Antonio de Almeida ◽  
Maria Lucia Tiburtino Leite ◽  
Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽  
Kilson Pinheiro Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Fava Bean ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Fava Beans ◽  
Cassava Wastewater ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
By Products

Fava bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.), is a rustic species and has great adaptability to arid regions of Brazil and stands out for its social importance and high levels of protein. Even so, the culture presents low productivity due to several factors, such as the quality of the seed. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the fungitoxic action of organic products, namely vinasse, cassava wastewater and agave extract, isolated and mixed, for treatment of beans seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial 8 x 2 (eight byproducts x two seed groups) with five replications. The seeds were evaluated for hysiological and sanitary quality, properly incubated in Petri plates on a triple layer of filter paper, sterilized and moistened with distilled water, where the assessments of the incidence of plant pathogens were performed after 7 days of incubation. Through the results, it is observed that the seeds of red fava bean were the most tolerant to organic products, without compromising the physiological quality. In general, the byproducts have significantly reduced the incidence of fungi identified in red and white fava bean.

scholarly journals Supplemental Bacillus subtilis DSM 29784 and enzymes, alone or in combination, as alternatives for antibiotics to improve growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, anti-oxidative status, immune response and the intestinal barrier of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Chianning Heng ◽  
Xihong Zhou ◽  
Guangtian Cao ◽  
Lei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa

Abstract The present study investigated the effect of Bacillus subtilis DSM 29784 (Ba) and enzymes (xylanase and β-glucanases; Enz), alone or in combination (BE) as antibiotic replacements, on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune response and the intestinal barrier of broiler chickens. In total, 1200 1-d-old broilers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments, each with six replicate pens of forty birds for 63 d as follows: (a) basal diet (control), supplemented with (b) 1 × 109 colony-forming units (cfu)/kg Ba, (c) 300 mg/kg Enz, (d) 1 × 109 cfu/kg Ba and 300 mg/kg Enz and (e) 250 mg/kg enramycin (ER). Ba, Enz and BE, similar to ER, decreased the feed conversion rate, maintained intestinal integrity with a higher villus height:crypt depth ratio and increased the numbers of goblet cells. The BE group exhibited higher expression of claudin-1 and mucin 2 than the other four groups. BE supplementation significantly increased the α-diversity and β-diversity of the intestinal microbiota and markedly enhanced lipase activity in the duodenal mucosa. Serum endotoxin was significantly decreased in the BE group. Compared with those in the control group, increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were observed in the jejunal mucosa of the Ba and BE groups, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggested that dietary treatment with Ba, Enz or BE has beneficial effects on growth performance and anti-oxidative capacity, and BE had better effects than Ba or Enz alone on digestive enzyme activity and the intestinal microbiota. Ba or Enz could be used as an alternative to antibiotics for broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of Terminalia catappa Fruit Meal Fermented by Aspergillus niger as Replacement of Maize on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Serum Biochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Friday Apata
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serum Biochemical

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented Terminalia catappa fruit meal (FTCM) with Aspergillus niger as replacement for maize on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical constituents. Dietary maize was replaced by FTCM at 0, 20, 40, 60, or 80%. One hundred and eighty one-day-old Shaver broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments, three replicate groups of twelve chicks each for a 42-day period. There was no significant difference () in the feed intake, weight gain, and feed; gain ratio between the broilers fed on 40% FTCM diet and the control group. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen, crude fibre, and fat decreased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (40%) of FTCM replacement diets compared with the control or lower FTCM diets. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin were decreased () on 80% FTCM fed broilers. Serum cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose were not significantly () altered among treatments. The activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly () increased with higher FTCM replacement. The results indicate that FTCM could replace up to 40% of dietary maize in the diets of broiler chickens without adverse effect on growth performance or serum constituents.

scholarly journals Performance, carcass characteristic and apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed Palm-kernel extraction by-products

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Fafiolu ◽  
A. V. Jegede ◽  
A. A. Teniola ◽  
I. D. Olarotimi ◽  
S. O. Odukoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
By Products

This study aimed at investigating the effect of by-products of palm kernel extraction; palm kernel extraction residue (PKER) and palm kernel sludge (PKS) based diets as replacement for maize in broiler diets. A total of 198 one-day old Marshal Broiler chickens were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments. Each dietary treatment had 33 birds with 11 birds per replicate. Maize in the diets was partly replaced by PKER and PKS each at three levels (0, 10 and 20%). The experiment was conducted in both starter and finisher phases. Growth responses, carcass evaluation and nutrient utilization were estimated. Data obtained were subjected to 2x3 factorial arrangement within the completely randomized design (CRD). Feed: Gain was influenced by the level of the palm kernel by-products during 1-28days of study. The weight gained during the 56 days period were not significantly higher (P>0.05) across the treatments All the carcass parameters measured were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by either PKER or PKS. However birds on PKER diets showed superior (P<0.05) nutrients use. In conclusion, the inclusion of palm kernel extraction by-products (between 10-20% PKER and 20% PKS) in the diets of broiler chickens is thereby encouraged for better growth and efficient feed utilization.

scholarly journals The Impact of Wheat Bran on the Morphology and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Qinghui Shang ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Hansuo Liu ◽  
Shad Mahfuz ◽  
Xiangshu Piao
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

There is increasing evidence showing that moderate amounts of insoluble dietary fiber can improve nutrient utilization by positively influencing the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of wheat bran as a source of insoluble fiber on nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant status, gastrointestinal development, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 96 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were assigned to two treatments with six replicate cages per treatment and eight birds per replicate for 42 d. Dietary treatments consisted of the control group (CON, control diet) and wheat bran group (WB, 30 g/kg wheat bran). Inclusion of WB increased (p < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy and crude protein on Day 42. Birds fed WB had lower (p < 0.05) serum total cholesterol concentration on Day 21, and lower (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and total triglyceride on Day 42. Inclusion of WB increased (p < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase activity on Day 21 and superoxide dismutase activity on Day 42, but tended (p = 0.07) to decrease serum malondialdehyde concentration on Day 21, and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde concentration on Day 42. Birds fed WB had a greater (p < 0.05) relative weight of gizzard on both Day 21 and 42. Inclusion of WB increased (p < 0.05) activities of amylase and trypsin in pancreas and jejunal mucosa on Day 21, and increased (p < 0.05) amylase activity in pancreas and jejunal mucosa. Birds fed WB had greater (p < 0.05) villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in jejunum and ileum on Day 42. In conclusion, supplementation of 30 g/kg WB enhanced nutrient digestibility by improving antioxidant status, gizzard development, intestinal digestive enzyme activities and morphology of broilers.

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