scholarly journals Where Are We on the Animal Welfare Map? Using GIS to Assess Stakeholder Diversity and Inclusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Roberts ◽  
Tegan L. Buckingham ◽  
Kyrsten J. Janke ◽  
Linda S. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Ethnic Concentration ◽  
Residential Instability ◽  
Veterinary Service ◽  
North West ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
North East

Inequities exist in all facets of society, and animal welfare organizations (AWOs) and their communities are no exception. These organizations interface with multiple stakeholder groups. An active analysis of stakeholder groups to identify under-served areas and communities has not been performed. Using stakeholder data from Toronto Humane Society (THS) from 2015–2019, this study performed a retrospective spatial analysis to identify well served and under-served geographic areas for adopters, surrenders, public veterinary service (PVS) clients, volunteers and foster parents, using Hot Spot analysis. Correlation analysis was performed to determine whether the spatial distribution of the groups correlated with the four socioeconomic metrics of the 2016 Ontario Marginalization Index (residential instability, material deprivation, dependency, and ethnic concentration), and a metric representing the distribution of Indigenous residents. For each stakeholder group, there were well served areas, typically in central Toronto where THS is located, and under-served areas, typically in the north-west and north-east corners of Toronto and in the surrounding cities of the Greater Toronto Area. The area served by THS PVS extended further north than the other hot spot areas. The number of adopters increased as the residential instability metric increased, whereas the number of adopters decreased as the ethnic concentration metric increased. The rate of surrenders increased as the Indigenous metric increased. Public Veterinary Service clients increased as the residential instability, material deprivation, and Indigenous metrics increased. One of the primary limitations of this study was the confounding factor of distance from THS. Individuals living further from THS are less likely to utilize its services, particularly if there is another accessible AWO nearby, and therefore may appear to reflect an under-served population that may not truly be under-served. A regional approach would help to overcome this limitation. The results provide useful insights into stakeholder engagement and provide a foundation for analysis of more targeted areas, as well as for strategies to reach under-served demographics. Similar analyses by other AWOs would be helpful to address inequities in a larger geographic area. Animal welfare organizations can improve program effectiveness by adding data analytics skills to the more traditional skills associated with this sector.

scholarly journals The Impact of Marginalization on Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Overall Survival: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 341-341
Author(s):  
Sumedha Arya ◽  
Lee Mozessohn ◽  
Inna Gong ◽  
Neil Faught ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Ethnic Concentration ◽  
Residential Instability ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: While health disparities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have been previously noted, literature systematically describing the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) on DLBCL overall survival (OS) is sparse. Furthermore, existing data largely examine SDOH of health in isolation, not accounting for key covariates or disease-related variables. Marginalization, which accounts for various SDOH, is a process of systemic discrimination and exclusion. Given the paucity of literature to date, we examined how marginalization influences DLBCL OS in the Canadian setting. The objectives of this study were: 1) To describe the impact of marginalization on DLBCL OS and 2) To identify which dimensions of marginalization, if any, impacted OS. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of adult patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL in Ontario between January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017 receiving a rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimen for curative intent, followed until March 1, 2020. Our primary exposure of interest was the Ontario Marginalization Index (ON-Marg), an administrative database tool which combines demographic indicators into four distinct marginalization dimensions: residential instability (% renters and % living alone), material deprivation (% low income and % lone parent families), dependency (% seniors and % employment), and ethnic concentration (% recent immigrants and % visible minority). Our primary outcome was 2-year OS, defined as time from the date of first rituximab-based treatment to date of death or completion of follow-up. Survival curves were generated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and Cox regression analyses were used to identify covariates that were independently associated with OS. Our final model adjusted for age (as increments of 10 years), sex, and comorbidity burden as measured by aggregate diagnostic groups (ADGs). Results: A total of 10,344 patients were diagnosed with DLBCL and treated with a rituximab-containing regimen in Ontario between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2017. The median age was 67 (IQR, 55-75) and 46% were female. Of patients who had staging data (49%), 54% were advanced stage at diagnosis, and the median number of cycles of chemoimmunotherapy received was 6 (4-6). Median number of ADGs was 10 (8-12), indicating a moderate-to-high burden of comorbidities within this cohort, and 13% of patients resided in a rural area. Cohort characteristics and mortality rates per ON-Marg quintile (Q5 = most marginalized) are provided in Table 1. Overall, group characteristics were evenly distributed, except that the most marginalized group had a higher proportion of patients residing in urban settings and nearer to treatment hospitals. Two-year overall survival was 73.2%. After controlling for relevant confounders, material deprivation (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 - 1.10, p=0.003) and ethnic concentration (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.09, p=0.013) contributed to increased risk of all-cause mortality. Residential instability and dependency had no significant effect. Increasing age (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.25 - 1.33, p<0.0001) and increasing number of ADGs (HR 1.028, 95% CI 1.025 - 1.031, p<0.0001) were also associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, while female sex was found to be protective (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83 - 0.97, p=0.005). Discussion: To our knowledge, no study has examined the impact of marginalization and collective SDOH on DLBCL outcomes. We found that increased material deprivation and ethnic concentration conferred increased mortality. While Canada's largely single-payer system and previously documented healthy immigrant effect may have been expected to attenuate effects of income and immigration, our study suggests otherwise. Possible explanations may include barriers to healthcare access for patient subsets, who may have less support for treatment. Structural factors such as systemic racism, health literacy, and caregiver burden must also be taken into account. These factors require further evaluation to inform targeted interventions and establish support for increased access to timely care amongst this patient population. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

A new volcanic province: evidence from glacial erratics in western North Greenland

2000 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Dawes ◽  
Bjørn Thomassen ◽  
T.I. Hauge Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Surficial Deposits ◽  
North Greenland

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Dawes, P. R., Thomassen, B., & Andersson, T. H. (2000). A new volcanic province: evidence from glacial erratics in western North Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 186, 35-41. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v186.5213 _______________ Mapping and regional geological studies in northern Greenland were carried out during the project Kane Basin 1999 (see Dawes et al. 2000, this volume). During ore geological studies in Washington Land by one of us (B.T.), finds of erratics of banded iron formation (BIF) directed special attention to the till, glaciofluvial and fluvial sediments. This led to the discovery that in certain parts of Daugaard-Jensen Land and Washington Land volcanic rocks form a common component of the surficial deposits, with particularly colourful, red porphyries catching the eye. The presence of BIF is interesting but not altogether unexpected since BIF erratics have been reported from southern Hall Land just to the north-east (Kelly & Bennike 1992) and such rocks crop out in the Precambrian shield of North-West Greenland to the south (Fig. 1; Dawes 1991). On the other hand, the presence of volcanic erratics was unexpected and stimulated the work reported on here.

Stratigraphy, structure and geochemistry of Archaean supracrustal rocks from Oqaatsut and Naajaat Qaqqaat, north-east Disko Bugt, West Greenland

1999 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Henrik Rasmussen ◽  
Lars Frimodt Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Trace Element Geochemistry ◽  
Element Geochemistry ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Metavolcanic Rocks ◽  
Arc Setting ◽  
Area North ◽  
Back Arc

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Rasmussen, H., & Frimodt Pedersen, L. (1999). Stratigraphy, structure and geochemistry of Archaean supracrustal rocks from Oqaatsut and Naajaat Qaqqaat, north-east Disko Bugt, West Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 181, 65-78. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v181.5114 _______________ Two Archaean supracrustal sequences in the area north-east of Disko Bugt, c. 1950 and c. 800 m in thickness, are dominated by pelitic and semipelitic mica schists, interlayered with basic metavolcanic rocks. A polymict conglomerate occurs locally at the base of one of the sequences. One of the supracrustal sequences has undergone four phases of deformation; the other three phases. In both sequences an early phase, now represented by isoclinal folds, was followed by north-west-directed thrusting. A penetrative deformation represented by upright to steeply inclined folds is only recognised in one of the sequences. Steep, brittle N–S and NW–SE striking faults transect all rock units including late stage dolerites and lamprophyres. Investigation of major- and trace-element geochemistry based on discrimination diagrams for tectonic setting suggests that both metasediments and metavolcanic rocks were deposited in an environment similar to a modern back-arc setting.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND RACE COMPOSITION OF DOWNY MILDEW (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. and de Toni) IN BULGARIA / EXTENSION Y RAZAS DEL MILDIU (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. y de Toni) EN BULGARIA / ÉTENDUE ET RACES DE LA ROUILLE (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. and de Toni) EN BULGARIE

Helia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (33) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
P.S. Shindrova
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasmopara Halstedii ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Number Of Authors

SUMMARY Downy mildew caused by the fungus Plasmopara halstedii is the main disease on sunflower in Bulgaria. In recent years a number of authors have reported the occurrence of new more virulent races of the pathogen. According to other authors these races demonstrate resistance to the fungicides used up to now. This fact is rather alarming and imposes the necessity of annual researches with the aim of following the changes in the downy mildew race variability. In the period 1995-1997 downy mildew isolates were collected from the following locations: Bourgas, Boyanovo, Karnobat, Ognyanovo, Selanovtsi, Kroushari, Lovech, Koubrat, Brashlyan, Sitovo, Tervel, Targovishte, IWS “Dobroudja” and Dobrich. The samples were assessed for virulence on a set of sunflower differential - lines under greenhouse conditions. The obtained results do not reveal a great race variability of downy mildew population in Bulgaria. In the period of study two races of the pathogen were identified: race 1 which infects the differential lines without genes for resistance to the pathogen. It is distributed in all sunflower production areas of the country. The other one is race 2. It is of limited distribution and has been registered in individual fields of north-east and north-west Bulgaria. It attacks the differential lines carrying the resistance gene Pl-1.

Excavations at Fishbourne, 1963. Third Interim Report

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Interim Report ◽  
The West ◽  
Civic Society ◽  
North West ◽  
The Third ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
Set Up

Early in 1963 much of the land occupied by the Roman building at Fishbourne was purchased by Mr. I. D. Margary, M.A., F.S.A., and was given to the Sussex Archaeological Trust. The Fishbourne Committee of the trust was set up to administer the future of the site. The third season's excavation, carried out at the desire of this committee, was again organized by the Chichester Civic Society.1 About fifty volunteers a day were employed from 24th July to 3rd September. Excavation concentrated upon three main areas; the orchard south of the east wing excavated in 1962, the west end of the north wing, and the west wing. In addition, trial trenches were dug at the north-east and north-west extremities of the building and in the area to the north of the north wing. The work of supervision was carried out by Miss F. Pierce, M.A., Mr. B. Morley, Mr. A. B. Norton, B.A., and Mr. J. P. Wild, B.A. Photography was organized by Mr. D. B. Baker and Mrs. F. A. Cunliffe took charge of the pottery and finds.

scholarly journals On tho proportions of the prevailing winds, the mean temperature, and depth of rain in the climate of London, computed through a cycle of Eighteen Years, or periods of the Moon’s declination

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 300-300
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
North West ◽  
West Wind ◽  
North East ◽  
East Wind ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solar Influence

In this paper the author investigates the periodical variations of the winds, rain and temperature, corresponding to the conditions of the moon’s declination, in a manner similar to that he has already followed in the case of the barometrical variations, on a period of years extending from 1815 to 1832 inclusive. In each case he gives tables of the average quantities for each week, at the middle of which the moon is in the equator, or else has either attained its maximum north or south declination. He thus finds that a north-east wind is most promoted by the constant solar influence which causes it, when the moon is about the equator, going from north to south; that a south-east wind, in like manner, prevails most when the moon is proceeding to acquire a southern declination ; that winds from the south and west blow more when the moon is in her mean degrees of declination, going either way, than with a full north or south declination ; and that a north-west wind, the common summer and fair weather wind of the climate, affects, in like manner, the mean declination, in either direction, in preference to the north or south, and most when the moon is coming north. He finds the average annual depth of rain, falling in the neighbourhood of London, is 25’17 inches.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Sounding of Bottom Crevasses on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (90) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Jezek ◽  
Charles R. Bentley ◽  
John W. Clough
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Electromagnetic Sounding ◽  
West Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
North West ◽  
Ross Ice Shelf ◽  
North East ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
Ice Stream B ◽  
Folded Dipole

AbstractDuring the 1976—77 season of the Ross Ice Shelf Geophysical and Glaciological Survey, a series of vertical electromagnetic sounding profiles of subsurface features was completed at station J-9. The survey comprised three five-kilometer north-west-south-east profiles separated by one kilometer and six two-kilometer north-east-south-west profiles, and was carried out on the surface using 35 MHz and 50 MHz radar systems. Folded-dipole antennae were used and oriented to detect reflectors both along and perpendicular to the profile path. This was done to facilitate the interpretation of the data, which indicated a complex system of bottom crevasses. Measurements of the positions, heights, and shapes of these crevasses showed at least two sets of crevasses varying in both strike and size. The larger crevasses, about 120 m high and oriented more or less normal to the flow direction, are probably associated with the movement of ice stream B across the grounding line between the West Antarctic ice sheet and the Ross Ice Shelf. A satisfactory explanation for the secondary set of crevasses, about 60 m high and forming an angle of 60° ±10° with the first set, has not yet been found.

scholarly journals Molecular gas in the northern nucleus of Mrk 273: Physical and chemical properties of the disc and its outflow

2018 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. A20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aladro ◽  
S. König ◽  
S. Aalto ◽  
E. González-Alfonso ◽  
N. Falstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Dense Gas ◽  
Dynamical Mass ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Dust Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Aiming to characterise the properties of the molecular gas in the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy Mrk 273 and its outflow, we used the NOEMA interferometer to image the dense-gas molecular tracers HCN, HCO+, HNC, HOC+ and HC3N at ∼86 GHz and ∼256 GHz with angular resolutions of 4ʺ̣9 × 4ʺ̣5 (∼3.7 × 3.4 kpc) and 0ʺ̣61 × 0ʺ̣55 (∼460 × 420 pc). We also modelled the flux of several H2O lines observed with Herschel using a radiative transfer code that includes excitation by collisions and far-infrared photons. The disc of the Mrk 273 north nucleus has two components with decoupled kinematics. The gas in the outer parts (R ∼ 1.5 kpc) rotates with a south-east to north-west direction, while in the inner disc (R ∼ 300 pc) follows a north-east to south-west rotation. The central 300 pc, which hosts a compact starburst region, is filled with dense and warm gas, and contains a dynamical mass of (4 −5) × 109 M⊙, a luminosity of L′HCN = (3–4) × 108 K km s−1 pc2, and a dust temperature of 55 K. At the very centre, a compact core with R ∼ 50 pc has a luminosity of LIR = 4 × 1011 L⊙ (30% of the total infrared luminosity), and a dust temperature of 95 K. The core is expanding at low velocities ∼50–100 km s−1, probably affected by the outflowing gas. We detect the blue-shifted component of the outflow, while the red-shifted counterpart remains undetected in our data. Its cold and dense phase reaches fast velocities up to ∼1000 km s−1, while the warm outflowing gas has more moderate maximum velocities of ∼600 km s−1. The outflow is compact, being detected as far as 460 pc from the centre in the northern direction, and has a mass of dense gas ≤8 × 108 M⊙. The difference between the position angles of the inner disc (∼70°) and the outflow (∼10°) indicates that the outflow is likely powered by the AGN, and not by the starburst. Regarding the chemistry in Mrk 273, we measure an extremely low HCO+/HOC+ ratio of 10 ± 5 in the inner disc of Mrk 273.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Ireland

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Latif
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Republic

Ireland is the third largest island in Europe and the twentieth largest island in the world, with an area of 86 576 km2; it has a total population of slightly under 6 million. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and to the west of Great Britain. The Republic of Ireland covers five-sixths of the island; Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom, is in the north-east. Twenty-six of the 32 counties are in the Republic of Ireland, which has a population of 4.2 million, and its capital is Dublin. The other six counties are in Northern Ireland, which has a population of 1.75 million, and its capital is Belfast. In 1973 both parts of Ireland joined the European Economic Community. This article looks at psychiatry in the Republic of Ireland.

Part VI. The Cyclopean Terrace Building and the Deposit of Pottery beneath It

1954 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 267-291
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
Contour Line ◽  
The South ◽  
Main Road ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West

The Cyclopean Terrace Building lies to the north-west of the Lion Gate on the northern end of the Panagia Ridge and faces almost due west across the valley of the Kephissos and modern main road from Corinth to Argos. It lies just below the 200 m. contour line, and one terrace below the houses excavated in 1950–51 by Dr. Papadimitriou and Mr. Petsas to the east at the same end of the ridge. The area contains a complex of buildings, both successive and contemporary, and in view of the discovery of structures both to the south-west and, by the Greek Archaeological Service, to the north-east it is likely that this whole slope was covered by a portion of the outer town of Mycenae. This report will deal only with the structure to which the name Cyclopean Terrace Building was originally given, the so-called ‘North Megaron’, supported by the heavy main terrace wall.The excavation of this structure was begun in 1923. The main terrace wall was cleared and two L.H. IIIC burials discovered in the top of the fill in the south room. In 1950 it was decided to attempt to clear this building entirely in an endeavour to find out its date and purpose. The clearing was not, however, substantially completed until the close of the 1953 excavation season, and this report presents the available evidence for the date as determined by the pottery found beneath the building; the purpose is still a matter for study, though various tentative conclusions can be put forward.

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