scholarly journals Assessment of Hydroxyethyl Starch (6% HES 130/0.4) Kidney Storage in Critically Ill Dogs: A Post-mortem Prospective Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja-Nicole Adamik ◽  
Michael H. Stoffel ◽  
Simone Tangermann ◽  
Bettina de Breuyn Dietler ◽  
Nadine Stokar-Regenscheit
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Intracellular Storage ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Intravenous hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are potentially nephrotoxic due to rapid renal tissue uptake, subsequent osmotic nephrosis, and long-lasting intracellular storage. This study aimed to investigate the severity of intracellular storage of HES in renal tissue samples from critically ill dogs receiving 6% HES 130/0.4.Materials and Methods: Fresh, post-mortem (<2 h after death) renal tissue samples were analyzed through histology, immunohistochemistry (HES 130/0.4-specific antibodies), and electron microscopy for the severity of renal tubular vacuolization (VAC), intravacuolar HES accumulation (ACC), and ultra-structure impairment. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between VAC or ACC grade and HES dose (mL/kg), duration of HES administration (h), and pre-HES plasma creatinine concentrations.Results: Histology revealed that 2/20 dogs (10%) had no, 11/20 dogs (55%) had mild, 5/20 dogs (25%) had moderate, and 2/20 dogs (10%) had severe VAC. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 5/20 dogs (25%) had no, 6/20 dogs (30%) had mild, 7/20 dogs (35%) had moderate, and 2/20 dogs (10%) had severe ACC. Both changes were predominantly found in the distal tubular epithelium of mild and moderate cases, and all tubular segments were affected in severe cases. Seven of 20 dogs (35%) had osmotic nephrosis (ON). On electron microscopy, large granules with an electron-dense content were repeatedly detected in individual cells, mainly in the distal tubules. No correlation was found between cumulative HES dose or duration of HES administration and VAC grade, ACC grade, or presence/absence of ON.Conclusion: A high percentage of dogs had renal tubular HES storage and one-third of dogs showed HES-induced ON. Short-term HES administration caused VAC and ACC, regardless of the dose or duration of administration. In contrast to previous studies, HES 130/0.4 deposits were mainly located in the renal distal tubule.

scholarly journals A method to remove the influence of fixative concentration on post-mortem T2 maps using a Kinetic Tensor model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Tendler ◽  
Feng Qi ◽  
Sean Foxley ◽  
Menuka Pallebage-Gamarallage ◽  
Ricarda A.L. Menke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Proteolipid Protein ◽  
Tensor Model ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Imaging Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Myelin Proteolipid ◽  
Formalin Fixed

AbstractFormalin fixation has been shown to substantially reduce T2 estimates when performing post-mortem imaging, primarily driven by the presence of bulk fixative in tissue. Prior to scanning, post-mortem tissue samples are often placed into a fluid that has more favourable imaging properties, such as matched magnetic susceptibility. This study investigates whether there is any evidence for a change in T2 in regions close to the tissue surface in post-mortem T2 maps due to fixative outflux into this surrounding fluid. Furthermore, we investigate whether a simulated spatial map of fixative concentration can be used as a confound regressor to reduce T2 inhomogeneity. To achieve this, T2 maps and diffusion tensor estimates were obtained in 14 whole, formalin fixed post-mortem brains placed in fluorinert approximately 48 hours prior to scanning. This consisted of 7 brains fixed with 10% formalin and 7 brains fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF). Fixative outflux was modelled using a Kinetic Tensor (KT) model, which incorporates voxelwise diffusion tensor estimates to account for diffusion anisotropy and tissue-specific diffusion coefficients. Brains fixed with 10% NBF revealed a spatial T2 pattern consistent with the modelled fixative outflux. Confound regression of fixative concentration reduced T2 inhomogeneity across both white and grey matter, with the greatest reduction attributed to the KT model vs simpler models of fixative outflux. No such effect was observed in brains fixed with 10% formalin. Correlations with ferritin and myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) histology lead to an increased similarity for the relationship between T2 and PLP for the two fixative types after KT correction. Only small correlations were identified between T2 and ferritin before and after KT correction.

Mucosal surface lesions in young protein-deficient pigs infected with Ascaris suum (Nematoda)

Parasitology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Martin ◽  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
E. Carrera ◽  
M. C. Nesheim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Mucosal Surface ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Lactose Maldigestion ◽  
Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Mucosal Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

SUMMARYThe morphology of the mucosal surface of samples from the small intestine of young protein-deficient pigs was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Three pigs had been infected with Ascaris suum for at least 58 days while 1 had remained uninfected; all pigs were housed and maintained under the same conditions, at the same time. The tissue samples collected at post mortem examination from pigs which contained A. suum showed varying degrees of villous atrophy and fusion. In addition, unusual small craters and as yet unidentified objects were observed at the surfaces of the enterocytes of Ascaris-infected pigs. These changes in mucosal morphology were not seen in the tissue taken from the uninfected pig. The possible association between the mucosal lesions and lactose maldigestion in young, protein-deficient pigs infeceted with A. suum is discussed.

Site of reabsorption of citrate and calcium in the renal tubule of the dog

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur P. Grollman ◽  
W. Gordon Walker ◽  
Helen C. Harrison ◽  
Harold E. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Calcium Reabsorption ◽  
Stop Flow ◽  
Edta Infusion

Simultaneous reabsorptive patterns of calcium, citrate, sodium, potassium, creatinine, and para-aminohippurate (PAH) were determined by stop-flow technique during the infusion of calcium chloride and the neutral sodium salts of malate, citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). Citrate reabsorption during citrate infusion occurred in the proximal nephron, coinciding with the area of PAH secretion while the calcium reabsorptive minimum was in the distal tubule, coinciding with the pattern of sodium reabsorption. Malate infusion abolishes citrate reabsorption, stimulates the distal secretion of potassium and, despite the marked increase in citrate excretion, fails to increase citrate concentration in renal tissue samples. EDTA infusion obliterates the calcium reabsorption minimum without affecting the more proximal pattern of citrate reabsorption. It is concluded that maximum citrate reabsorption occurs in the proximal region of the nephron distinctly separate from the more distal region of maximum calcium reabsorption.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

Confocal laser microscopy of impregnated central nervous system tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
J.N. Turner ◽  
M. Siemens ◽  
D. Szarowski ◽  
D.N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Central Nervous System Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Reflected Light

A classic preparation of central nervous system tissue (CNS) is the Golgi procedure popularized by Cajal. The method is partially specific as only a few cells are impregnated with silver chromate usualy after osmium post fixation. Samples are observable by light (LM) or electron microscopy (EM). However, the impregnation is often so dense that structures are masked in EM, and the osmium background may be undesirable in LM. Gold toning is used for a subtle but high contrast EM preparation, and osmium can be omitted for LM. We are investigating these preparations as part of a study to develop correlative LM and EM (particularly HVEM) methodologies in neurobiology. Confocal light microscopy is particularly useful as the impregnated cells have extensive three-dimensional structure in tissue samples from one to several hundred micrometers thick. Boyde has observed similar preparations in the tandem scanning reflected light microscope (TSRLM).

A SEM/TEM examination of a ceramic membrane

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
C.E. Voegele-Kliewer ◽  
A.D. McMaster ◽  
G.W. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Iodide ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Corning Glass ◽  
Gas Transport Properties ◽  
Porous Microstructure ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

Materials other than polymers, e.g. ceramic silicates, are currently being investigated for gas separation processes. The permeation characteristics of one such material, Vycor (Corning Glass #1370), have been reported for the separation of hydrogen from hydrogen iodide. This paper will describe the electron microscopy techniques applied to reveal the porous microstructure of a Vycor membrane. The application of these techniques has led to an increased understanding in the relationship between the substructure and the gas transport properties of this material.

Profile Imaging of Silicon Surface Reconstructions

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
O.L. Krivanek ◽  
G.J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Silicon Surface ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Surface Reconstructions ◽  
Bulk Structure ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy at 0.2nm point-to-point resolution, 10-10 torr specimei region vacuum and facilities for in-situ specimen cleaning presents intere; ing possibilities for surface structure determination. Three methods for examining the surfaces are available: reflection (REM), transmission (TEM) and profile imaging. Profile imaging is particularly useful because it giv good resolution perpendicular as well as parallel to the surface, and can therefore be used to determine the relationship between the surface and the bulk structure.

scholarly journals Etiology, incidence, and outcomes of patient–ventilator asynchrony in critically-ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfang Zhou ◽  
Steven R. Holets ◽  
Man Li ◽  
Gustavo A. Cortes-Puentes ◽  
Todd J. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Training Background ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPatient–ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is commonly encountered during mechanical ventilation of critically ill patients. Estimates of PVA incidence vary widely. Type, risk factors, and consequences of PVA remain unclear. We aimed to measure the incidence and identify types of PVA, characterize risk factors for development, and explore the relationship between PVA and outcome among critically ill, mechanically ventilated adult patients admitted to medical, surgical, and medical-surgical intensive care units in a large academic institution staffed with varying provider training background. A single center, retrospective cohort study of all adult critically ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for ≥ 12 h. A total of 676 patients who underwent 696 episodes of mechanical ventilation were included. Overall PVA occurred in 170 (24%) episodes. Double triggering 92(13%) was most common, followed by flow starvation 73(10%). A history of smoking, and pneumonia, sepsis, or ARDS were risk factors for overall PVA and double triggering (all P < 0.05). Compared with volume targeted ventilation, pressure targeted ventilation decreased the occurrence of events (all P < 0.01). During volume controlled synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and pressure targeted ventilation, ventilator settings were associated with the incidence of overall PVA. The number of overall PVA, as well as double triggering and flow starvation specifically, were associated with worse outcomes and fewer hospital-free days (all P < 0.01). Double triggering and flow starvation are the most common PVA among critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. Overall incidence as well as double triggering and flow starvation PVA specifically, portend worse outcome.

scholarly journals Novel molecular transport medium used in combination with Xpert MTB/RIF ultra provides rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis in African buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Clarke ◽  
Katrin Smith ◽  
Samantha J. Goldswain ◽  
Christopher Helm ◽  
David V. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transport Medium ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

AbstractMycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife. Confirmation of M. bovis infection relies on mycobacterial culture, which is time-consuming. Collection and transportation of infectious material also pose a human health risk. PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium (MTM) has been shown to effectively inactivate infectious organisms, making it a safe method for handling infectious samples. This study investigated an in-field sampling technique for rapid, safe detection of M. bovis in buffalo tissues. Potentially infected tissues from bTB test-positive buffaloes were swabbed at post-mortem examination and stored in PrimeStore MTM at ambient temperature until Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing was performed. Additionally, tissue samples were frozen and transported before homogenisation for culture and Ultra testing. Oral swabs were collected from M. bovis-unexposed buffaloes as a negative control cohort. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA was detected by Ultra in 13/16 tissue swabs and 9/16 matched tissue homogenates from culture-confirmed M. bovis-positive buffalo tissues. MTBC DNA was not detected in swabs from M. bovis-unexposed animals, showing the potentially high specificity of Ultra with PrimeStore swabs. PrimeStore MTM sample processing, in combination with the Ultra assay, has the potential to provide a safe, rapid post-mortem screening test for M. bovis in buffaloes.

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