scholarly journals Risk Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviors of General and High-Risk Adult Populations Towards COVID-19: A Systematic Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Clavel ◽  
Janine Badr ◽  
Lara Gautier ◽  
Mélanie Lavoie-Tremblay ◽  
Jesseca Paquette
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
And Behaviors

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major crisis for governments and populations. The public’s risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors are key factors that play a vital role in the transmission of infectious diseases. Our scoping review aims to map the early evidence on risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors of general and high-risk adult populations towards COVID-19.Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted of peer-reviewed articles in five databases on studies conducted during the early stages of COVID-19. Thirty-one studies meeting the inclusion criteria were appraised and analyzed.Results: The levels of risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors towards COVID-19 were moderate to high in both general and high-risk adult populations. Adults were knowledgeable about preventive behaviors. Our review identified hand-washing and avoiding crowded places as dominant preventive behaviors. Being a female, older, more educated, and living in urban areas was associated with better knowledge of COVID-19 and appropriate preventive behaviors.Conclusion: This review offers a first understanding of risk perceptions, knowledge and behaviors of adult populations during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Risk Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviors of General and High-Risk Adult Populations towards COVID-19: A Systematic Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Clavel ◽  
Janine Badr ◽  
Lara Gautier ◽  
Mélanie Lavoie-Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic represents a major crisis for governments and populations around the globe. A large number of studies have been conducted worldwide to understand people’s awareness and behavioral response towards the disease. The public’s risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors are key factors that play a vital role in the transmission of infectious diseases. Our scoping review aims to map the early evidence on risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors of general and high-risk adult populations towards COVID-19.MethodsA systematic scoping review was conducted of peer-reviewed articles in five databases (MEDLINE-Ovid, EMBASE-Ovid, PsycINFO-Ovid, Web of Science, and CINAHL-EBSCO) on studies conducted during the early stage of COVID-19 (January to June, 2020). The gray literature was also searched through Open Grey, Scopus, Wonder, Social Science Research Network, MedRxiv, and websites of major public health organizations. Twenty studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included, appraised and analyzed.ResultsDuring the early stage of the pandemic, levels of risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors towards COVID-19 were moderate to high in both general and high-risk adult populations. The perceived severity of the disease was slightly higher than the perceived susceptibility of getting COVID-19 during the first wave of COVID-19. Adults were knowledgeable about preventive behaviors, including hand-washing, mask-wearing, social distancing, and avoidance behaviors. Nevertheless, an important knowledge gap regarding the asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 was reported in many studies. Our review identified hand-washing and avoiding crowded places as dominant preventive behaviors at the early stage of the pandemic. Staying at home, reducing social contacts, and avoiding public transport were less widespread in general populations than in high-risk adult groups. Being a female, older, and more educated was associated with better knowledge of COVID-19 and appropriate preventive behaviors.ConclusionThis scoping review offers a first understanding of general and high-risk adults’ risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors towards COVID-19 during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research should be undertaken to assess psychological and behavioral responses over time. Research gaps have been identified in the relationship between ethnicity and risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors towards COVID-19.Contribution to the field statementSince the beginning of the pandemic, a large number of primary studies have been conducted worldwide to understand people’s awareness and behavioral response towards COVID-19. Nevertheless, no review has mapped the early evidence on the perceptions, knowledge, and preventive behaviors of adult populations towards the transmission of this new disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scoping review that offers an understanding of the general and high-risk adults’ risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors (RPKB) towards COVID-19 during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review also identified sociodemographic factors associated with adults’ RPKB regarding COVID-19. As the virus does not affect individuals equally, knowing these factors can help to mitigate the negative effects of COVID-19 in certain population groups by developing targeted communication strategies that will facilitate their engagement in preventive measures. Finally, research gaps have been identified in the relationship between ethnicity and RPKB towards COVID-19. The existence of a disproportionate number of COVID-19 fatalities within Black populations should signal the possible gaps in RPKB towards COVID-19 in these communities. Additional studies on ethnic health disparities can help public health authorities to introduce targeted actions towards these communities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Telehealth interventions for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and clinical high-risk for psychosis individuals: A scoping review

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Santesteban-Echarri ◽  
Danijela Piskulic ◽  
Rowen K Nyman ◽  
Jean Addington
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum

Background Despite its increased use in mental health, both health care provision by telehealth and research are in the early stages. Videoconferencing, a telehealth subfield, has been mainly used for the medication management and delivery of psychological treatments for mood, adjustment and anxiety disorders, and to a lesser extent for psychotic disorders. Objectives The focus of this scoping review is on studies using videoconferencing for intervention for individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and those who may be considered to be in the very early stages of psychosis (clinical high risk). The aim of this review is to assess the feasibility, acceptability and clinical benefits of videoconferencing interventions and compare them with face-to-face interventions for this population. Methods A scoping review of peer-reviewed original research on the use of videoconferencing for intervention purposes in individuals with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder or at clinical high risk. Results Out of 13,750 citations, 60 articles were retrieved for detailed evaluation, resulting in 14 eligible studies ( N = 439 individuals). There was no study reporting on videoconferencing interventions for individuals at clinical high risk. All the studies reported that videoconferencing implementation was feasible, and most of them described high acceptance by individuals with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. However, selection bias of studies was high, and overall methodological quality was poor. Conclusion Videoconferencing interventions seem feasible for participants with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder who showed high acceptance of this intervention modality.

scholarly journals Perception and Practice of Bangladeshi Adults Towards the Prevention of COVID-19: A Statistical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Wadood ◽  
Lai Lee Lee ◽  
Md. Monimul Huq ◽  
Asma Mamun ◽  
Suhaili Mohd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
General Question ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Study Results

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread across the world with increasing numbers of confirmed cases and deaths. Due to outbreaks of new variants of the virus and limited treatment options, positive perception and good practice of preventive guidelines have remained essential measures for the prevention of the disease and slowing down its transmission. We aimed to study perception towards COVID-19 and the practice of guidelines for preventing the disease among Bangladeshi adults during the early stage of the rapid rise of the outbreak. Methods: Data was collected data from 320 participants. For measuring their level of practice, we asked a general question: “Are you properly following the WHO-recommended guidelines to avoid COVID-19?” The frequency distribution, Chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression model were used in this study. Results: The average risk perception among the participants was 3.05±0.75 (median, 3.00) (95% CI of mean: 2.96-3.13) where the score ranges from 0 (no risk) to 4 (high risk). More than 27% of participants showed high-risk perceptions. Males (p<0.05), high educated (p<0.05), rich (p<0.01), service holders (p<0.05), and younger adults (p<0.05) had higher odds of high-risk perception. More than 71% of participants had a good practice of always following the WHO guidelines to prevent COVID-19 and living locations in urban areas (p<0.01), high education (p<0.01), rich (p<0.01), and joint family (p<0.01) had the most contributions to good practice. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that special attention should be given to rural areas, and individuals of low literacy, education and socioeconomic level to more effectively prevent COVID-19.

A Scoping Review of Interventions Aimed at Improving Knowledge, Detection Practices and Management of Dementia among Health Professionals (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Krishna Prasad Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Improving Health Care

BACKGROUND Health professionals (HPs) play a key role in dementia management and detection. However, there is a gap in the literature as to what represents best practice with regard to educating HPs to improve their dementia detection practices and management. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to synthesize the aggregated studies aimed at improving health care knowledge, detection practices and management of dementia among HPs. METHODS We searched electronically published relevant articles with inclusion criteria; (1) intervention studies aimed at improving HPs practices concerning dementia care and (2) educational interventions focused on nurses and doctors’ knowledge, detection practice and management of dementia. Twenty-five articles fit the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Collaborative programs of practice based workshops, interactive learning activities with community and multi-faced educational program were the most effective. CONCLUSIONS HPs should be supported to improve their knowledge, tackle behavioural problems associated with dementia, be made aware of services and be enabled to engage in more early diagnosis. CLINICALTRIAL no applicable

Prognosis in patients with prior myocardial infarction and PEGASUS-TIMI 54 criteria in the CLARIFY registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Biscaglia ◽  
G Campo ◽  
K Fox ◽  
J.C Tardif ◽  
M Tendera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Abstract Background/Introduction The PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial showed that prolonged treatment with ticagrelor reduces the cumulative occurrence of ischemic adverse events. CLARIFY is the biggest real life registry on chronic coronary syndrome. Purpose - To evaluate the percentage of patients eligible for long-term ticagrelor therapy in the CLARIFY registry. – To compare the outcome of this subgroup of patients with those with PEGASUS exclusion criteria or without PEGASUS inclusion criteria. Methods Within the CLARIFY population, we selected post MI patients and we excluded those with missing info (post MI evaluable population). Then, we divided patients into 3 groups: excluded (meeting PEGASUS exclusion criteria, namely use of P2Y12 receptor antagonists or chronic oral anticoagulant, any stroke, coronary-artery bypass grafting in the past 5 years); eligible (meeting PEGASUS high-risk inclusion criteria, namely age≥65 years; diabetes; multivessel disease; creatinine clearance &lt;60 ml/min) and ineligible (not meeting PEGASUS high-risk inclusion criteria). We therefore compared the ischemic (CV death, MI and stroke) and bleeding (major bleeding) outcome of the 3 groups adjusting for age, sex, smoking and geographical region. Results Among the 11811 post-MI evaluable patients, 4706 (39.8%) were included in the eligible group, 5715 (48.4%) in the excluded group, and 1390 in the ineligible group (11.8%). Both the ischemic and bleeding endpoints were significantly different among the 3 groups with the excluded patients with the worst and ineligible patients with the best outcome (see table). The same trend was shown for CV death, while the occurrence of MI was not significantly different among the 3 groups. In the eligible group, the ratio between ischemic and bleeding events was 6:1, whereas between CV death and major bleeding was 3.5:1. Conclusions Around 40% of CLARIFY post-MI patients could benefit from prolonged ticagrelor therapy. In this group of patients, ischemic risk seems to be higher than the bleeding one. Ischemic & bleeding risk in the 3 groups Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): CLARIFY registry was funded by Servier

scholarly journals The Geo-Social Model: A Transdisciplinary Approach to Flow-Type Landslide Analysis and Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2501
Author(s):  
Valentina Acuña ◽  
Francisca Roldán ◽  
Manuel Tironi ◽  
Leila Juzam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
Flow Type ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Municipal Level

Landslide disaster risks increase worldwide, particularly in urban areas. To design and implement more effective and democratic risk reduction programs, calls for transdisciplinary approaches have recently increased. However, little attention has been paid to the actual articulation of transdisciplinary methods and their associated challenges. To fill this gap, we draw on the case of the 1993 Quebrada de Macul disaster, Chile, to propose what we label as the Geo-Social Model. This experimental methodology aims at integrating recursive interactions between geological and social factors configuring landslide for more robust and inclusive analyses and interventions. It builds upon three analytical blocks or site-specific environments in constant co-determination: (1) The geology and geomorphology of the study area; (2) the built environment, encompassing infrastructural, urban, and planning conditions; and (3) the sociocultural environment, which includes community memory, risk perceptions, and territorial organizing. Our results are summarized in a geo-social map that systematizes the complex interactions between the three environments that facilitated the Quebrada de Macul flow-type landslide. While our results are specific to this event, we argue that the Geo-Social Model can be applied to other territories. In our conclusions, we suggest, first, that landslides in urban contexts are often the result of anthropogenic disruptions of natural balances and systems, often related to the lack of place-sensitive urban planning. Second, that transdisciplinary approaches are critical for sustaining robust and politically effective landslide risk prevention plans. Finally, that inter- and trans-disciplinary approaches to landslide risk prevention need to be integrated into municipal-level planning for a better understanding of—and prevention of—socio-natural hazards.

scholarly journals Using routinely collected primary care records to identify and investigate severe asthma: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Stewart ◽  
Frank Kee ◽  
Nigel Hart
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
High Risk Disease ◽  
Asthma Outcomes ◽  
Disease Variant

AbstractShielding during the coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the potential of routinely collected primary care records to identify patients with ‘high-risk’ conditions, including severe asthma. We aimed to determine how previous studies have used primary care records to identify and investigate severe asthma and whether linkage to other data sources is required to fully investigate this ‘high-risk’ disease variant. A scoping review was conducted based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Twelve studies met all criteria for inclusion. We identified variation in how studies defined the background asthma cohort, asthma severity, control and clinical outcomes. Certain asthma outcomes could only be investigated through linkage to secondary care records. The ability of primary care records to represent the entire known asthma population is unique. However, a number of challenges need to be overcome if their full potential to accurately identify and investigate severe asthma is to be realised.

Interventions to optimise medication prescribing and adherence in older people with cancer: A systematic scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i23-i24
Author(s):  
M Murphy ◽  
K Bennett ◽  
S Ryan ◽  
C Hughes ◽  
A Lavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Medication Prescribing ◽  
Broad Overview

Abstract Introduction Older adults with cancer often require multiple medications (polypharmacy) comprising cancer-specific treatments, supportive care medications (e.g. analgesics) and medications for pre-existing conditions. The reported prevalence of polypharmacy in older adults with cancer ranges from 13–92% (1). Increasing numbers of medications pose risks of potentially inappropriate prescribing and medication non-adherence. Aim The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of evaluations of interventions to optimise medication prescribing and/or adherence in older adults with cancer, with a particular focus on the interventions, study populations and outcome measures that have been assessed in previous evaluations. Methods Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 29th November 2019 using relevant search terms (e.g. cancer, older adults, prescribing, adherence). Eligible studies evaluated interventions seeking to improve medication prescribing and/or adherence in older adults (≥65 years) with an active cancer diagnosis using a comparative evaluation (e.g. inclusion of a control group). All outcomes for studies that met inclusion criteria were included in the review. Two reviewers independently screened relevant abstracts for inclusion and performed data extraction. As a scoping review aims to provide a broad overview of existing literature, formal assessments of methodological quality of included studies were not undertaken. Extracted data were collated using tables and accompanying narrative descriptive summaries. The review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines (2). Results The electronic searches yielded 21,136 citations (Figure 1). Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Included studies consisted of five randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including one cluster RCT, and four before-and-after study designs. Studies were primarily conducted in oncology clinics, ranging from single study sites to 109 oncology clinics. Sample sizes ranged from 33 to 4844 patients. All studies had a sample population with a mean/median age of ≥65 years, however, only two studies focused specifically on older populations. Interventions most commonly involved patient education (n=6), and were delivered by pharmacists or nurses. Five studies referred to the intervention development process and no studies reported any theoretical underpinning. Three studies reported on prescribing-related outcomes and seven studies reported on adherence-related outcomes, using different terminology and a range of assessments. Prescribing-related outcomes comprised assessments of medication appropriateness (using Beers criteria), drug-related problems and drug interactions. Adherence-related outcomes included assessments of self-reported medication adherence and calculation of patients’ medication possession ratio. Conclusion The main strength of this scoping review is that it provides a broad overview of the existing literature on interventions aimed at optimising medication prescribing and adherence in older adults with cancer. The review highlights a lack of robust studies specifically targeting this patient population and limited scope to pool outcome data across included studies. Limitations of the review were that searches were restricted to English language publications and no grey literature was searched. Future research should focus specifically on older patients with cancer, and exercise rigour during intervention development, evaluation and reporting in order to generate findings that could inform future practice. References 1. Maggiore RJ, Gross CP, Hurria A. Polypharmacy in older adults with cancer. The oncologist. 2010;15(5):507–22. 2. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–73.

scholarly journals Methods Used and Application of the Mouse Grimace Scale in Biomedical Research 10 Years On: A Scoping Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. Whittaker ◽  
Yifan Liu ◽  
Timothy H. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Wide Range

The Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS) was developed 10 years ago as a method for assessing pain through the characterisation of changes in five facial features or action units. The strength of the technique is that it is proposed to be a measure of spontaneous or non-evoked pain. The time is opportune to map all of the research into the MGS, with a particular focus on the methods used and the technique’s utility across a range of mouse models. A comprehensive scoping review of the academic literature was performed. A total of 48 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The MGS has been employed mainly in the evaluation of acute pain, particularly in the pain and neuroscience research fields. There has, however, been use of the technique in a wide range of fields, and based on limited study it does appear to have utility for pain assessment across a spectrum of animal models. Use of the method allows the detection of pain of a longer duration, up to a month post initial insult. There has been less use of the technique using real-time methods and this is an area in need of further research.

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