Analysis of the Treatment of Synthetic Bathing Waters and Their Effects on Seedlings

Abstract Synthetically produced bathing waters and their effect on seedlings were analysed in our research. The artificially produced bath waters were treated in different ways. Primarily, simple filtration was performed through a layer of silica sand. During the tests, the obtained greywater was investigated before and after the treatment with the help of various water quality parameters. Irrigation was set as the goal of recycling, and germination experiments were performed on mustard seeds. In these experiments, the synthetically generated treated and untreated bath water was used as irrigation water. Considering the results obtained during the germination, it can be said that the treatment is necessary in any case. Based on the results, it was shown that the filtration was not sufficient, so coagulation was used as an additional treatment method, for which we determined the optimal amount of treatment agent as a starting step.

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Evaluation of Changes in Depression Levels of Bruxism Patients Treated With Botulinum Toxin-A

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/23202068211006554 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232020682110065

Author(s):

Deniz Erdil ◽

Nilsun Bagis ◽

Hakan Eren ◽

Melike Camgoz ◽

Kaan Orhan

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Age Groups ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Toxin A ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Hoc

Aim: Bruxism is defined as the involuntary recurrent masticatory muscle activity characterized by gnashing, grinding, clenching of teeth, and/or pushing the mandible. Factors creating its etiology are peripheral (morphological) or central (physiopathological and physiological), and exogenous. Recently, among physiological factors, depression and bruxism were considered to be related. A definitive treatment method does not exist for bruxism; however, botulinum toxin-A (BT-A) application is an up-to-date and effective way of treatment. The present study is aimed to evaluate the levels of depression in bruxism patients treated with BT-A application. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 individuals (23 females and 2 males) who were diagnosed as bruxism patients were included in the study. 25 U of BT-A for each masseter muscle was injected into the patients. Patients were prospectively observed for a possible change in depression levels by using Beck’s Depression Inventory. The inventory was implemented before and six months after the BT-A application. Depression levels before and six months after the injection were compared. A paired t-test was used to compare “before” and “after” treatment values. One-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests were used to evaluate the change in Beck’s Depression Inventory scores according to age groups. Results: The mean total score was 7.80 ± 8.10 before the treatment and 7.16 ± 6.52 six months after the treatment. The decrease in the mean score was not statistically significant ( P > .05). Conclusion: In conclusion, despite the decrease in the mean Beck’s Depression Inventory scores, a statistically significant decrease in the depression levels of patients was not observed.

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Fabrication and characterization of composite MoS2-TiO2 coating material

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/09544062211015789 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440622110157

Author(s):

Avinash V Borgaonkar ◽

Ismail Syed ◽

Shirish H Sonawane

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Scratch Resistance ◽

Substrate Material ◽

Coating Film ◽

Tribological Behaviour ◽

Molybdenum Disulphide ◽

Before And After ◽

Pre Treatment

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is a popularly used solid lubricant in various applications due to its superior tribological behaviour. However, it possesses poor wear resistance which requires further improvement. In the present study efforts have been made to enhance the tribological properties of pure MoS2 coating film by doping TiO2 nanoparticles as a reinforcement material. The Manganese phosphating is selected as a pre-treatment method to improve the bond strength between coating and substrate. The coating is bonded with the substrate material employing sodium silicate as a binder. The effects of wt. % of TiO2 onto the mechanical properties of composite MoS2-TiO2 coating such as hardness and bond strength have been studied. In addition coating microstructure before and after experimental test was studied using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. It was also found that with increase in wt. % addition of TiO2 upto 15% into MoS2 base matrix, the hardness of coating increases proportionally. Beyond 15 wt. % addition of TiO2, the coating becomes brittle in nature. This leads to reduction in the scratch resistance.

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Plankton and water quality variability in an estuary before and after the shrimp farming effluents: possible impacts and regeneration

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.1590/s1679-87592017143406503 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 495-508

Author(s):

William Bauer ◽

Paulo Cesar Abreu ◽

Luis Henrique Poersch

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Zooplankton Abundance ◽

Patos Lagoon ◽

Short Period ◽

Before And After

Abstract Water quality, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, proto and mezo-zooplankton abundance were spatiotemporally evaluated in an estuary receiving effluents from a Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei farm in Patos Lagoon estuary, Southern Brazil. Samples were taken before (BD) and; 1 day (1 PD) 5 days (5 PD), 10 days (10 PD), 20 days (20 PD) and 30 days (30 PD) after the effluents discharge. Some water quality parameters were affected by the effluents discharge; however, these changes were restricted to a distance of 20 m from the effluent discharge channel for a period of 5 days. The microbial community was dominated by chlorophyceae, followed by diatoms, cyanobacteria and ciliates. There was an increase in the abundance of different groups on the 1 PD sampling compared to BD. The zooplankton abundance was low in practically all sites, except for 30 PD sampling. The meso-zooplanktonic organisms were represented by copepods, mostly Acartia tonsa. Despite some effects on water quality and phytoplankton and protozooplankton abundance until 5 PD sampling, these alterations dissipated in a short period of time. We conclude that the environment quickly assimilated the effluents discharge, and the water quality parameters remained within the limits stipulated by standard guidelines.

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EFEKTIFITAS METODE MENGAJAR KESELURUHAN DENGAN METODE MENGAJAR BAGIAN PERBAGIAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MENGUMPAN (PASSING) KAKI BAGIAN DALAM PADA PERMAINAN FUTSAL MAHASISWA FIK UNM

COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga ◽

10.26858/com.v12i1.13530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Sudirman Sudirman ◽

Andi Mas Jaya

Keyword(s):

Experimental Method ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Teaching Method ◽

Treatment Method ◽

T Test ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

This study aims to find out which is more effective between the overall method and the teaching method part by section on learning outcomes passing (passing) the inner leg in students who take Futsal learning. This research was carried out by an experimental method in total sampling. Thedata analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is the t-test, at a significant level α= 0.05, starting with calculating the t-count value to compare with the t-table value at a significant level of 95%. (1) The whole method is obtained by t-count = 4, the value listed in t-table with degrees of freedom (dk) = 15-1 = 14. A significant level of 5% is 2.14, so t-count> t-table, means that there is a convincing (significant) difference before and after being given the overall method treatment. (2) The teaching method part of division is obtained the value of t-count = 3.7, the value listed in t-table with degrees of freedom (dk) = 15-1 = 14. Significant level of 5% is 2.14, so t-count> t-table, means that there is a convincing (significant) difference before and after the treatment method is given in part. And (3) The overall method and the part-by-part teaching method obtained t-count = 3.2, the values listed in t-table with degrees of freedom (dk) = 15 + 15-2 = 28. A significant level of 5% is 2.05. So t-count> t-table.

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Efficacy of standard- vs reduced-dose insulin for treatment of hyperkalemia: A quasi-experiment

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy ◽

10.1093/ajhp/zxab382 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Catherine Pearson ◽

Kristin O’Connor ◽

Kimberly Keller ◽

T J Hodge ◽

Ross Nesbit

Keyword(s):

Glucose Level ◽

Standard Dose ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Treatment Pathway ◽

Reduced Dose ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

The Impact

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose Hyperkalemia more commonly affects patients with a glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min. Using intravenous (IV) insulin to shift potassium intracellularly may cause hypoglycemia, requiring additional treatment or longer hospitalization. Literature on insulin dosing in this context is limited, with one previous study indicating that 5 units of IV insulin might be as effective and result in less hypoglycemia than the standard dose of 10 units of IV insulin. The hyperkalemia treatment pathway at our institution was revised in May 2018 to include a reduced-dose option (5 units of insulin) for patients with end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of hypoglycemia between patients who received standard-dose vs reduced-dose IV insulin. Methods This single-center, retrospective, quasi-experimental study evaluated the impact of revision of the hyperkalemia treatment pathway by assessing rates of hypoglycemia during the 6 months before and after implementation of the revised pathway. The primary endpoint was prevalence of hypoglycemia, defined as a blood glucose level of less than or equal to 70 mg/dL. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of hypoglycemia when comparing the pre- and postimplementation groups (36 [17.7%] patients vs 34 [18.7%] patients; P = 0.7924). The postimplementation group had a statistically significant lower reduction in potassium levels after treatment than the preimplementation group (mean [interquartile range], –0.9 [–1.3, –0.5] mEq/L vs –0.6 [–1.2, –0.2] mEq/L; P = 0.0095). Baseline potassium levels were similar between the groups. Conclusion Administration of reduced-dose IV insulin for treatment of hyperkalemia was significantly less effective in lowering serum potassium levels and did not decrease prevalence of hypoglycemia. When accounting for potential confounders, the only variable that was associated with hypoglycemia was pretreatment glucose level.

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Biocompatibility of Nanoporous TiO2Coating on NiTi Alloy Prepared via Dealloying Method

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2012/731592 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jin Huang ◽

Junqiang Wang ◽

Xiangdong Su ◽

Weichang Hao ◽

Tianmin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Shape Memory ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Niti Alloy ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Niti Shape Memory Alloy ◽

Contact Method ◽

Biological Compatibility ◽

Before And After ◽

Niti Shape Memory Alloys

This paper investigated the biocompatibility of nanoporous TiO2coating on NiTi shape-memory alloy (SMA) prepared via dealloying method. Our previous study shows that the dealloying treatment at low temperature leads to 130 nm Ni-free surface titania surface layer, which possesses good bioactivity because of the combination of hydroxyl (OH−) group in the process of dealloying treatment simultaneously. In this paper, the biological compatibility of NiTi alloy before and after dealloying treatment was evaluated and compared by direct contact method with dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) by the isolated culture way. The interrelation between the biological compatibility and surface change of material after modification was systematically analyzed. As a consequence, the dealloying treatment method at low temperature could be of interest for biomedical application, as it can avoid sensitization and allergies and improve biocompatibility of NiTi shape-memory alloys. Thus it laid the foundation of the clinical trials for surface modification of NiTi memory alloy.

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Hydrogeochemical Mechanism of the Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollution in Karst Fissure Groundwater System

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.159 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 159-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhen Min Ma ◽

Yun Yun Luo ◽

Yun Zhi Fang ◽

Yu Song Hou

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽

Water System ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Groundwater System ◽

Hydrocarbon Pollution ◽

Groundwater Environment ◽

Before And After ◽

Fissure Water

The research of hydrogeochemical mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbon in karst fissure groundwater system is important to predict the trend of petroleum hydrocarbons and the change of groundwater environment. We take the karst fissure water system as the research object, where there is a refinery. The variation of SO42-, HCO3-, NO3-, NO2-, HS- can be used as a hydrogeochemical sign of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution by analyzing the change of water quality parameters before and after karst fissure water contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon. It has been also analyzed systematically that hydrogeochemical mechanism including desulfurization, denigration and ion exchange happen during the pollution process in the karst fissure water system. It is pointed out that the human activities have a great impact on the groundwater and changes of environment.

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Direct filtration with preozonation for small water treatment systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0896 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (11-12) ◽

pp. 473-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Yüksel ◽

Ö Akgiray ◽

E. Soyer

Keyword(s):

Treatment Method ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Particle Removal ◽

Raw Water ◽

Particle Count ◽

Direct Filtration ◽

Small Water ◽

On Line ◽

Very High ◽

Different Water Sources

The possibility of applying preozonation followed by direct filtration without the use of a coagulant is investigated. Filtration experiments have been carried out using four different water sources within Istanbul. A 1 m deep bed of 0.8-1.2 mm silica sand was used as the filter medium. The filter was operated at a rate of 11.5 m/hr. Raw water turbidities ranged from 2.3 NTU to 10.0 NTU. Effluent turbidity and particle count values were monitored using an on-line turbidimeter and an on-line particle counter. With all the waters studied in this work, preozonation improved particle removal in direct filtration. With three of the mentioned waters, it was possible to achieve turbidity values below 1.0 NTU without a coagulant by applying ozone at a rate between 1.7-1.8 mg/L. It was not possible to reduce the turbidity of one of the waters to below 2.7 NTU even with very high ozone dosages. The need for pilot testing before deciding if this treatment method is applicable to a given water is underlined.

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OCT-Angiography as a reliable prognostic tool in laser-treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy: The RENOCTA Study

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672120963451 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112067212096345

Author(s):

Marco Lupidi ◽

Ramkailash Gujar ◽

Alessio Cerquaglia ◽

Jay Chhablani ◽

Daniela Fruttini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Vascular Perfusion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Induced Changes

Purpose: To quantitatively assess retinal neovascularizations (RNVs) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) before and after photocoagulative laser treatment (PLT) using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A). Methods: Consecutive patients with PDR were examined with fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT-A before and after PLT. Baseline and after-treatment FA images were quantitatively analyzed to assess both the RNVs area and leakage area. On OCT-A RNVs area, vascular perfusion density (VPD), vessel length density (VLD) and fractal dimension were computed. VPD of the full-retina OCT-A underneath the RNV was determined to evaluate potential laser-induced changes in vascular perfusion. Results: Fifteen eyes of 13 patients with PDR were enrolled. The mean area of the RNVs was 0.47 ± 0.50 mm2 in the baseline OCT-A and 0.32 ± 0.40 mm2 in the post-treatment assessment ( p = 0.0002). The mean RNV VPD of RNV was 2% ± 4% in pre-treatment and 1% ± 1% for the post-treatment ( p = 0.0001). The mean VLD of RNV was 7.26 ± 1.53 at baseline and 6.64 ± 1.65 in the post treatment ( p = 0.0002). A significant difference in terms of mean RNVs area and VPD reduction between eyes that needed additional treatment and those that did not (~40% vs ~20%; p < 0.05), was observed. Mean VPD of full-retinal thickness OCT-angiogram was 55% ± 10% for the pre-treatment and 53% ± 8% for the post treatment scan ( p = 0.02). Conclusion: The quantitative OCT-A assessment of laser-induced changes of RNVs can be a useful non-invasive approach for determining treatment efficacy. A reduction of RNVs area or VPD ⩾ 40% might reveal those eyes that won’t require additional treatment. Retinal perfusion impairment seemed to progress independently from the treatment.

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Effects of Micro-Braiding and Co-Wrapping Techniques on Characteristics of Flax/Polypropylene-Based Hybrid Yarn: A Comparative Study

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12112559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 2559

Author(s):

Wenqian Zhai ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Xavier Legrand ◽

Damien Soulat ◽

Manuela Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Cover Factor ◽

Hybrid Yarn ◽

Before And After ◽

Treatment Agent ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Yarn Production

Micro-braiding and co-wrapping techniques have been developed over a few decades and have made important contributions to biocomposites development. In this present study, a set of flax/polypropylene (PP) micro-braided and co-wrapped yarns was developed by varying different PP parameters (PP braiding angles and PP wrapping turns, respectively) to get different flax/PP mass ratios. The effects on textile and mechanical characteristics were studied thoroughly at the yarn scale, both dry- and thermo-state tensile tests were carried out, and tensile properties were compared before and after the braiding process to study the braidabilities. It was observed that PP braiding angles of micro-braided yarn influenced the frictional damage on surface treatment agent of flax roving, the cohesive effect between PP filaments/flax roving, and the PP cover factor; PP wrapping turns of co-wrapped yarn had a strong impact on the flax roving damage and the PP coverage, which further influenced the characteristics. Micro-braided yarn and co-wrapped yarn with the same flax/PP mass ratio were compared to evaluate the two different hybrid yarn production techniques; it was proven that micro-braided yarn presented better performance.

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