scholarly journals Data-Driven Simulation for Evaluating the Impact of Lower Arrival Aircraft Separation on Available Airspace and Runway Capacity at Tokyo International Airport

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Katsuhiro Sekine ◽  
Furuto Kato ◽  
Kota Kageyama ◽  
Eri Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Wake Turbulence ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Terminal Area

Although the application of new wake turbulence categories, the so-called “RECAT (wake turbulence category re-categorization)”, will realize lower aircraft separation minima and directly increase runway throughput, the impacts of increasing arrival traffic on the surrounding airspace and arrival traffic flow as a whole have not yet been discussed. This paper proposes a data-driven simulation approach and evaluates the effectiveness of the lower aircraft separation in the arrival traffic at the target airport. The maximum runway capacity was clarified using statistics on aircraft types, stochastic distributions of inter-aircraft time and runway occupancy time, and the levels of the automation systems that supported air traffic controllers’ separation work. Based on the estimated available runway capacity, simulation models were proposed by analyzing actual radar track and flight plan data during the 6 months between September 2019 and February 2020, under actual operational constraints and weather conditions. The simulation results showed that the application of RECAT would reduce vectoring time in the terminal area by 7% to 10% under the current airspace and runway capacity when following a first-come first-served arrival sequence. In addition, increasing airspace capacity by 10% in the terminal area could dramatically reduce en-route and takeoff delay times while keeping vectoring time the same as under the current operation in the terminal area. These findings clarified that applying RECAT would contribute to mitigating air traffic congestion close to the airport, and to reducing delay times in arrival traffic as a whole while increasing runway throughput. The simulation results demonstrated the relevance of the theoretical results given by queue-based approaches in the authors’ past studies.

Influence of Oriented Perforation Design on Refracture Reorientation: Simulation and Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhui Qi ◽  
Mingzhong Li ◽  
Tiankui Guo ◽  
Chunting Liu ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Fracture Initiation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Fracturing Experiments ◽  
The Impact

The oriented perforating is the essential technique to guide the refracture reorientation, but the influence of the oriented perforation design on the refracture steering radius is still unclear. In this paper, the factors influencing the refracture reorientation were studied by simulation models and experiments. The effects of initial fracture, well production, and perforations on the refracture initiation and propagation were analyzed. Three-dimensional finite element models were conducted to quantify the impact of perforation depth, density, and azimuth on the refracture. The large-scale three-axis hydraulic fracturing experiments guided by oriented perforations were also carried out to verify the fracture initiation position and propagation pattern of the simulation results. The research results showed that perforations change the near-wellbore induced stress distribution, thus changing the steering radius of the refracture. According to the simulation results, the oriented perforation design has a significant influence on the perforation guidance effect and refracture characteristics. Five hydraulic fracturing experiments proved the influence of perforating parameters on fracture initiation and morphology, which have a right consistency between the simulation results. This paper presents a numerical simulation method for evaluating the influence of the refracture reorientation characteristics under the consideration of multiple prerefracturing induced-stress and put forward the oriented perforation field design suggestions according to the study results.

scholarly journals Weather Impact on Airport Performance

Aerospace ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schultz ◽  
Sandro Lorenz ◽  
Reinhard Schmitz ◽  
Luis Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Airport Capacity ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Weather events have a significant impact on airport performance and cause delayed operations if the airport capacity is constrained. We provide quantification of the individual airport performance with regards to an aggregated weather-performance metric. Specific weather phenomena are categorized by the air traffic management airport performance weather algorithm, which aims to quantify weather conditions at airports based on aviation routine meteorological reports. Our results are computed from a data set of 20.5 million European flights of 2013 and local weather data. A methodology is presented to evaluate the impact of weather events on the airport performance and to select the appropriate threshold for significant weather conditions. To provide an efficient method to capture the impact of weather, we modelled departing and arrival delays with probability distributions, which depend on airport size and meteorological impacts. These derived airport performance scores could be used in comprehensive air traffic network simulations to evaluate the network impact caused by weather induced local performance deterioration.

Studying the Impact of Return Current Path on the EM Simulation of High-speed Package Designs

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 000061-000068
Author(s):  
Darryl Kostka ◽  
Antonio Ciccomancini Scogna
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Current Path ◽  
Cavity Resonances ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simulation Time

Three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation models are often simplified in order to reduce the simulation time and memory requirements without sacrificing the accuracy of the results. A commonly adopted methodology in the simulation of electronic package designs is to truncate the size of the package model leaving only a few important features surrounding the nets of interest. In this paper we demonstrate that this simplification can have a significant impact of the simulation results if it is not performed carefully and it can introduce spurious/non physical resonances. The interaction between cavities and signals is first studied using a simple coupled differential via test structure. It is demonstrated that the return currents generated by these vias excite cavity resonances in power-ground plane pairs causing them to behave as parallel-plate waveguides. The role of interplane shorting vias in suppressing cavity resonances is then investigated and the impact of boundary conditions on the simulation results of package models is also shown and discussed. Finally, a realistic complex multilayer package model is analyzed and it is demonstrate that through proper truncation of the geometry, accurate results can be obtained.

The Impact of Load Bearing Capacity of Airfield Pavement Structures on the Air Traffic Safety

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wesołowski ◽  
Krzysztof Blacha
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Definite Function ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Airfield pavement is a marked and appropriately prepared surface of an airfield functional element that performs a definite function in aircraft operations. The structure of airfield pavement is most often composed of a set of layers whose task is to absorb and transfer loads coming from moving aircraft onto the ground in a way that ensures its definite durability. Structures of airfield pavements are designed for a definite exploitation period on the assumption of predicted volume and structure of the air traffic. Safety of air operations conducted by aircrafts on airfield pavements depends mainly on the state of bearing capacity of their construction. Due to the above, control tests of bearing capacity shall be periodically conducted, since information regarding the current state of an airfield pavement constitutes the basis for decisions concerning the types of aircrafts permitted to land and take off, traffic volume and dates of starting renovation or modernization works. In addition to loads generated by aircraft, on the condition of airfield pavement load bearing capacity is influenced by many external factors, including weather conditions. The ACN-PCN non-destructive method is currently used in the assessment of airfield bearing capacity, which has been introduced by ICAO (ICAO 2013). According to its assumptions, the airfield construction bearing capacity may be expressed in PCN or permissible number of air operations. The fundamental problem by measuring airfield pavements is to assume the correct computational model of a structure, which describes the way of cooperation and mechanical properties of individual layers. This paper contains the way of assessing and description of PCN as well as presentation of the possibility of expressing bearing capacity results by determination of permissible number of aircraft operations. There is also interrelation between PCN and the permissible number of aircraft operations presented in a graphic way.

Improving reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculation under limited data conditions in the Tropical Andes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Vásquez ◽  
Mario Córdova ◽  
Galo Carrillo ◽  
Rolando Célleri
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Correct Determination ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

<p>The correct determination of reference evapotranspiration (ET<sub>o</sub>) is fundamental for countless scientific and management applications such as closing the catchment water balance, the planning of irrigation schemes, and for simulation models. Nevertheless, the records of weather variables are often not available or incomplete. This usually happens when a sensor breaks or malfunctions due to severe weather conditions, lack of maintenance or electronic failure, which leads to data loss and consequently makes it hard to estimate ET<sub>o</sub>. Frequently, that is the case in mountain regions where meteorological sensors are subject to harsh environmental conditions as in the Andes. In case of missing data, the only solution is to estimate the required variable using a given equation. Therefore, these equations need to be calibrated to specific local conditions. The aim of this study was to calibrate and validate equations to estimate Solar Radiation (R<sub>s</sub>) on daily and monthly scales and to evaluate the impact of using these estimations for the calculation of ET<sub>o</sub> through the Penman Monteith (PM) equation in an Andean altitudinal gradient in the páramo ecosystem. The páramo occupies the upper portion of the northern Andes, where the tussock grasslands are the dominant vegetation. In addition, this ecosystem provides essential environmental services for inter-Andean cities. We used six years of observations (2013–2019) from the Quinoas Ecohydrological Observatory. This Observatory has four meteorological stations: Toreadora (3955 m a.s.l), Virgen Cajas (3626 m a.s.l), Chirimachay (3298 m a.s.l) and Balzay (2610 m a.s.l). We evaluated five models to estimate R<sub>s</sub> based on the maximum and minimum daily air temperature. A calibration was performed for each weather station and a simultaneous calibration for the entire gradient. We used four years of data for calibration and validation of the R<sub>s</sub> model, and two years to evaluate the impact on ET<sub>o</sub> calculations. We found that all models yielded estimations that are highly correlated with the observed data. However, no model was able to capture high R<sub>s</sub> values, greater than 185.4 W m<sup>-2</sup> (16 MJ m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>), found in cloud-free days. The best model to estimate R<sub>s</sub> was the locally calibrated Chen model, which showed a mean error of 2.9 W m<sup>-2 </sup>(0.25 MJ m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>).  Estimated R<sub>s</sub> values reduced the estimation error of PM-ET<sub>o</sub> and, thus, allows its application for further studies.</p>

Predicting construction productivity using situation-based simulation models

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1585-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon Choy ◽  
Janaka Y Ruwanpura
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Construction Operations ◽  
Construction Productivity ◽  
Modeling Simulation ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Problematic Situations ◽  
The Impact

Construction site operations are very complex, and they involve complicated relationships among numerous tasks, factors, obstacles, risks, and uncertainties, or triggering situations that affect productivity. To improve the performance of construction operations, one needs to understand the impact these triggering situations have on productivity. The paper discusses a recently developed technique, called situation-based simulation modeling, that is used to model the triggering situations in construction to predict productivity. This tool can model the cause-and-effect relationships among various triggering situations, which previous construction models have ignored. Construction operations that were directly observed and recorded for more than 3500 person-hours served as the data source for the development of the model. The simulation results are not only able to accurately predict productivity relative to the actual productivity observed at the site, but also provide the basis for recommendations to mitigate problematic situations to improve productivity.Key words: construction, productivity, modeling, simulation, situation-modeling.

Mechanism Study on the Impact of Low Pressure Accumulator with Mechanical Mechanics to Hydraulic Impactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 908 ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
Zhong Yi Cao ◽  
Xiang Yang Huang ◽  
Wan Rong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Model Calculation ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Mathematic Model ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the impact of low pressure accumulator to the performance of hydraulic impactor, mathematic model of hydraulic impactor was established. By application of AMESim, The simulation models of hydraulic impactor with low pressure accumulator and hydraulic impactor without low pressure accumulator were obtained. After model calculation, the displacement, velocity of the piston and the return pressure were shown in figures. Rationality of the simulation system was verified by the compare between simulation results and experimental results. The simulation results show that low pressure accumulator can increase the impact energy and frequency of hydraulic impactor in a small degree and reduce the impact of return pressure significantly. Article provides theory basis for the designation of hydraulic impactor.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Position Recognition of the Bucket Tip According to the Motion Measurement Method of Excavator Boom, Stick and Bucket

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2881
Author(s):  
Dongik Sun ◽  
Changuk Ji ◽  
Sunghoon Jang ◽  
Sangkeun Lee ◽  
Joonkyu No ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modular Form ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Sensor Selection ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Motion Measurement ◽  
Cylinder Length ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Simulation Results

On modern construction sites, guidance and automation systems are increasingly applied to excavators. Recently, studies have been actively conducted to compare the estimation results of the bucket tip with the motion measurement method of the boom, stick, and bucket and the sensor selection. This study selected the method of measuring the cylinder length of boom, stick, and bucket, and the method of directly measuring the boom, arm, and bucket, which are commonly used in guidance and automation systems. A low-cost sensor that can be attached and detached to the excavator in modular form was selected to apply the above methods to commercial excavator. After the sensor selection, hardware and excavator simulation models for sensor measurements were constructed. Finally, the trajectory of the bucket tip was compared and analyzed through graphs and simulation results when the boom, stick, and bucket were independently rotated one by one, or together. The results gives a guideline on what kinds of sensors would be better in machine guidance or controlling an excavator according to given external environments.

scholarly journals Weather events in air traffic control standards and communication: discourse patterns and implications for language teaching and assessment / Eventos meteorológicos em normas e comunicações de controle de tráfego aéreo: padrões discursivos e implicações para o ensino e a avaliação de línguas

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Rafaela Rigaud Peixoto ◽  
Patrícia Tosqui-Lucks
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Weather events affect air traffic control (ATC) in many ways, for there are many situations that need to be reported in pilot-controller communication. This paper attempts to analyze the language used to express the impact of meteorological phenomena to air traffic operations, particularly in regard to aeronautical English, that is, the communication used during radiotelephony by air traffic controllers in training situations. For that, two types of analyses will be carried out: one regarding the formulaic structure of lexical units using 11 Aeronautical Meteorology terms within the ATC context (phase 1); and another one concerning the use of these terms by students in three ATC courses (for TWR, ACC and APP facilities) and how it affects their performance during communication activities in a learning environment (phase 2). These analyses will be based on rationales of lexical semantics for terminology; corpus linguistics (CL), comprising English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and learner corpora; and considerations about vocabulary assessment on aeronautical English exams. Results suggest that terminological patterns discussed in this paper show how meaning is dependent on context, and how lexical semantic analysis of terms may contribute to reveal nuances of language used in a specialized context. In this way, it indicates courses have been efficient in teaching and practicing the use of the main meteorological terms related to aeronautical English and that, despite some mistakes students make, evidence points out that they are able to report weather conditions to pilots and to understand pilots’ requests in a proficient level concerning vocabulary.Keywords: meteorology; aeronautical English; terminology; learner corpus; language assessment.Resumo: Eventos meteorológicos afetam o controle de tráfego aéreo (ATC) de diversas formas, dado que muitas situações precisam ser reportadas na comunicação entre piloto e controlador. Este artigo pretende analisar a linguagem utilizada para expressar o impacto de fenômenos meteorológicos para operações ATC, particularmente quanto ao uso de inglês aeronáutico, ou seja, a comunicação utilizada durante a radiotelefonia, por controladores em situações de aprendizagem. Para isso, duas análises foram realizadas: em relação à estrutura formulaica de unidades lexicais contendo 11 termos de Meteorologia Aeronáutica no contexto ATC (fase 1); e quanto ao uso desses termos por alunos de três cursos ATC (para os órgãos operacionais TWR, ACC e APP) e como isso afeta seu desempenho durante as atividades de comunicação em um ambiente de aprendizagem (fase 2). Essas análises serão fundamentadas nas teorias de semântica lexical para terminologia; linguística de corpus (LC), compreendendo Inglês para Fins Específicos (ESP) e corpora de aprendizes; e considerações sobre avaliação de vocabulário em exames de proficiência de inglês aeronáutico. Os resultados sugerem que os padrões terminológicos discutidos mostram como os significados dependem do contexto, e como a análise léxico-semântica de termos pode contribuir para revelar nuances da linguagem utilizada em contexto especializado. Desta forma, demonstrou-se que os cursos foram eficientes no ensino e na prática do uso dos principais termos meteorológicos e que, apesar de alguns erros cometidos, as evidências apontam que os estudantes foram capazes de reportar condições meteorológicas e compreender as solicitações dos pilotos com nível de proficiência adequado em relação a vocabulário.Palavras-chave: meteorologia; inglês aeronáutico; terminologia; corpus de aprendizes; avaliação de línguas.

scholarly journals Assessment of ACC and CACC systems using SUMO

10.29007/r343 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kallirroi N. Porfyri ◽  
Evangelos Mintsis ◽  
Evangelos Mitsakis
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Full Speed ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
The Impact

Emerging developments in the field of automotive technologies, such as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems, are expected to enhance traffic efficiency and safety on highways and urban roads. For this reason, substantial effort has been made by researchers to model and simulate these automation systems over the last few years. This study aims to integrate a recently developed car-following model for ACC and CACC equipped vehicles in the microscopic traffic simulation tool SUMO; the implemented ACC/CACC simulation models originate from empirical ones, ensuring the collision-free property in the full-speed-range operation. Simulation experiments for different penetration rates of cooperative automated vehicles, desired time-gap settings and network topologies are conducted to test the validity of the proposed approach and to assess the impact of ACC and CACC equipped vehicles on traffic flow characteristics.

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