scholarly journals Diversity and Pathogenicity of Diaporthe Species Revealed from a Survey of Blueberry Orchards in Portugal

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Sandra Hilário ◽  
Liliana Santos ◽  
Artur Alves
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Twig Blight ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Minor

Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) are widely cultivated worldwide and largely consumed due to their known antioxidant and medicinal properties. Although Diaporthe species have been documented in Portugal as causal agents of blueberry twig blight and dieback, there is still scarce information on the species that cause these symptoms. Moreover, Diaporthe vaccinii, recently synonymized with D. eres, has been considered a concern to blueberry production worldwide. However, the current knowledge about its impact on blueberries remains unclear. The diversity of Diaporthe species associated with diseased blueberry plants were assessed through a national survey. A multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cal) and histone 3 (his3) genes unveiled the presence of Diaporthe ambigua, D. amygdali, D. crousii, D. foeniculina, D. hybrida, D. leucospermi, D. malorum and D. rudis. Moreover, all species were fully characterized based on a detailed morphological description. Diaporthe amygdali, D. hybrida, D. leucospermi and D. malorum are reported for the first time on diseased blueberries in Portugal. Results show that D. eres exhibited a high level of intraspecific variability within isolates, given that the strain CBS 160.32 might be a minor pathogen on blueberry plants, whereas CAA829 was revealed to be the most aggressive. Overall, this study also demonstrates that Diaporthe amygdali and D. eres may be two of the most aggressive species to blueberry plants. This study improves our understanding of the Diaporthe species and it’s causing of dieback and twig blight on Portuguese blueberry orchards. Additionally, the identification of these pathogens represents crucial information for blueberry producers to apply appropriate phytosanitary measures, as well as offering new insights into the potential pathogenicity of D. eres on this host.

scholarly journals Five Fungal Pathogens Are Responsible for Bayberry Twig Blight and Fungicides Were Screened for Disease Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Ming Hu ◽  
Yang Xue ◽  
Zhijun Li ◽  
Yanfei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Twig Blight

Bayberry (Myrica rubra) is a commercial fruit in China. For the past seven years, twig blight disease has been attacking bayberry plantations in Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China, leading to destructive damage and financial loss. In this study, five fungal species associated with twig dieback and stem blight were identified based on morphological characteristics combined with multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, partial sequences of β-tubulin (tub2), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU) and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) genes, which are Epicoccum sorghinum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Nigrospora oryzae and a Pestalotiopsis new species P. myricae. P. myricae is the chief pathogen in fields, based on its high isolation rate and fast disease progression after inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the above five fungi as the pathogens responsible for bayberry twig blight. Indoor screening of fungicides indicates that Prochloraz (copper salt) is the most promising fungicide for field application, followed by Pyraclostrobin, 15% Difenoconazole + 15% Propiconazole, Difenoconazole and Myclobutanil. Additionally, Bacillus velezensis strain 3–10 and zeamines from Dickeya zeae strain EC1 could be used as potential ecofriendly alternatives to control the disease.

scholarly journals Identification of Neofusicoccum parvum causing canker and twig blight on Ficus carica in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Dalia AIELLO ◽  
Giorgio GUSELLA ◽  
Alberto FIORENZA ◽  
Vladimiro GUARNACCIA ◽  
Giancarlo POLIZZI
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Twig Blight ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Fungal Colony

During June 2018, several symptomatic fig (Ficus carica) cuttings, showing twig blight, subcortical discolouration and apical dieback were collected from a nursery in Catania province, Sicily (Italy). Isolations from diseased tissue consistently showed the presence of the same fungal colony. Morphology of the fungal isolates together with sequence data of the nuclear rDNA internal transcriber spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene and partial beta-tubulin (tub2) gene of representatives isolates revealed the presence of the fungus Neofusicoccum parvum. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating fig cuttings with mycelial plugs. After 10 days, the inoculated plants developed cankers similar to those observed in the greenhouse and after 26 days all inoculated plants were dead. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report worldwide of N. parvum causing disease on this host.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Typing of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium Fungi from Russian Collections

Acta Naturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
A. A. Stakheev ◽  
L. V. Samokhvalova ◽  
O. D. Mikityuk ◽  
S. K. Zavriev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

We performed a three-locus phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium strains presumably capable of trichothecene production, which were deposited in the Russian national collections. The intra- and interspecific polymorphism of partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1) gene and two genes from the trichothecene cluster TRI5 and TRI14 was studied. A study of 60 strains of different origins using DNA markers confirmed, and in the case for several strains, clarified their taxonomic characteristics. As a result, a strain of F. commune (F-900) was identified in Russia for the first time. Furthermore, the strain F-846 proved to be phylogenetically distinct from any of the known Fusarium species. F. equiseti strains from Northwest Russia were found to belong to the North European group (I), whereas a strain from the North Caucasus - to the South European one (II). Partial TRI14 sequences from 9 out of 12 species were determined for the first time. Their comparative analysis demonstrated a relatively high level of intraspecific variability in F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides, but no correlation between the sequence polymorphism and the geographic origin of the strains or their chemotype was found. Specific chemotypes of trichothecene B producers were characterized using two primer sets. The chemotyping results were verified by HPLC.

scholarly journals First Report of Spencermartinsia viticola, Neofusicoccum australe, and N. parvum Causing Branch Canker of Citrus in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Adesemoye ◽  
A. Eskalen
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
First Report ◽  
Riverside County ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Minor Disease ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Factor Α

Dothiorella gummosis and canker on citrus is generally viewed as a minor disease but can result in serious decline of trees. Symptoms, mostly found on branches, include grayish-to-brown cast on cankered bark, which can extend into the xylem. Dothiorella gummosis was earlier believed to be caused by Dothiorella gregaria (2). In a continuing survey on citrus in six California counties (Fresno, Riverside, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Tulare, and Ventura) in 2010, branch cankers were collected. Small pieces of symptomatic tissues were plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with 0.01% tetracycline (PDA-tet) and incubated at 25°C for 4 days. Fungi most frequently isolated were initially identified as Botryosphaeriaceae based on morphological characters (1,3). Total genomic DNA was PCR amplified with primers Bt2a/2b for the β-tubulin (BT); EF1-728F/986R for the elongation factor α-1 (EF); and ITS4/5 for the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions (3). Sequences were compared in a BLAST search. Spencermartinsia viticola UCP105 was isolated from cv. Parent Washington on Sour Orange rootstock in Tulare County, Neofusicoccum australe UCR1110 from cv. Satsuma in Riverside County, and N. parvum UCR1166 from cv. Meyer Lemon on Volkameriana rootstock in Ventura County. Sequences of UCP105, UCR1110, and UCR1166 have been deposited in GenBank under Accession Nos. JF271766, JF271776, and JF271780 for BT; JF271784, JF271793, and JF271796 for EF; and JF271748, JF271758, and JF271762 for the ITS regions. The sequences matched with isolates in GenBank as follows: ITS region of strain UCP105—98% match with Accession Nos. AY905556–8; BT of strain UCR1110—99% with GU251879–80; and EF of strain UCR1166—98% with GU251238. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating green shoots of healthy citrus trees similar to cultivar/rootstock from which each isolate was obtained. Fresh wounds were made on 1-year-old citrus shoots with a 3-mm cork borer, and the freshly wounded surfaces were inoculated with 3-mm mycelial plugs from 5-day-old cultures on PDA-tet. Control shoots were inoculated with sterile agar plugs and each treatment had 10 replicates. Inoculated wounds and shoot ends were covered with petroleum jelly and wrapped with Parafilm to prevent desiccation. Shoots were incubated at 25°C in moist chambers for 4 weeks. Lesions were observed on all inoculated shoots except for the control. Mean lesion lengths were 6.4, 7.0, and 6.9 cm for UCP105, UCR1110, and UCR1166, respectively, which were significantly (P = 0.05) different from the control (0.8 cm). The three isolates were reisolated from symptomatic tissues of inoculated shoots to confirm their pathogenicity. This test was repeated and similar results were obtained. Results indicate that there are multiple species in the Botryosphaeriaceae family causing symptoms on citrus that were previously believed to be caused by D. gregaria. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. viticola, N. australe, and N. parvum on citrus in California. References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) V. McDonald et al. Plant Dis. 93:967, 2009. (3) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:83, 2004.

scholarly journals First Report of Stem Blight of Blueberry in California Caused by Neofusicoccum parvum

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1280-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Koike ◽  
S. Rooney-Latham ◽  
A. F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Agar Plug

In July 2013 in coastal (Santa Barbara County) California, commercial plantings of southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) developed symptoms of a previously undiagnosed disease. Symptoms consisted of reddening and wilting of foliage, with leaves and small twigs later drying up. The bark of diseased branches was discolored and sunken; removal of this bark revealed a brown discoloration of the underlying wood. Approximately 5% of the planting was affected. When placed on acidified potato dextrose agar (A-PDA), surface disinfested pieces of symptomatic wood consistently yielded one type of fungus. On A-PDA, isolates produced extensive white aerial mycelium that turned dark gray after 4 to 5 days and formed pycnidia after 21 days. Three single-spore isolates were grown on PDA for 21 days for morphological and molecular characterization. Conidia were hyaline, smooth, and ellipsoid with round apices and truncated bases. Conidia measured 13 to 20 × 5 to 7.5 μm (n = 50; mean 16.7 × 6.1 μm), with a length/width ratio of 2.73. After 25 days, conidia became biseptate with a darker middle cell. rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolates (GenBank KJ126847 to 49), amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (5), were 99% identical to the holotype isolate of Neofusicoccum parvum Pennycook and Samuels (3) by a BLAST query (GU251125). Partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) gene (KJ126850 to 52), obtained using primers EF728Fa and EF986R (5), were 99% identical to N. parvum (GU251257). To demonstrate Koch's postulates, 14-day-old colonies of the three N. parvum isolates were grown on A-PDA. Using three blueberry cultivars (Abundance, Jewel, and Snowchaser), slits were cut beneath the epidermis of branches 1 cm diameter or less; one colonized agar plug (6 mm diameter) was placed into each cut and the epidermis was resealed with Parafilm. Ten inoculations (one inoculation per branch; two branches per plant) were made for each isolate and each cultivar; inoculated plants were maintained in a greenhouse. After 10 to 14 days, leaves on inoculated branches turned red and wilted, bark above and below the inoculation sites turned brown, and vascular tissue beneath the bark was also brown. After 21 days, diseased areas became sunken. N. parvum was recovered from all inoculated branches of all cultivars and matched the characteristics of the original isolates. Control branches, inoculated with sterile agar plugs, did not develop any symptoms and N. parvum was not isolated. This experiment was repeated with similar results. Many Botryosphaeriaceae species, including N. parvum, are associated with canker and dieback symptoms on blueberry worldwide (2). To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of stem blight caused by N. parvum on blueberry in CA. Blueberry is a rapidly expanding industry in the state, with 960 ha planted in 2005 increasing to 2,830 ha in 2012 (1). Drought stress predisposes plants to stem blight caused by Botryosphaeriacease species (4); therefore, expansion into arid areas of CA could increase the incidence and severity of N. parvum. References: (1) N. Amer. Blueberry Council. 2012 World Blueberry Acreage & Prod. Rept., 2013. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., online publication, ARS, USDA. Retrieved February 5, 2014. (3) S. R Pennycook and G. J. Samuels. Mycotaxon 24:445, 1985. (4) W. A. Sinclair and H. H. Lyon. Diseases of Trees and Shrubs, Second Edition. Comstock Publ. Assoc. 2005. (5) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:83, 2004.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Circular Cyclocoagulation in Glaucoma: A Step Forward for Cyclodestruction?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Mastropasqua ◽  
Vincenzo Fasanella ◽  
Alessandra Mastropasqua ◽  
Marco Ciancaglini ◽  
Luca Agnifili
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Refractory Glaucoma ◽  
High Level

The ciliary body ablation is still considered as a last resort treatment to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) in uncontrolled glaucoma. Several ablation techniques have been proposed over the years, all presenting a high rate of complications, nonselectivity for the target organ, and unpredictable dose-effect relationship. These drawbacks limited the application of cyclodestructive procedures almost exclusively to refractory glaucoma. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), proposed in the early 1980s and later abandoned because of the complexity and side effects of the procedure, was recently reconsidered in a new approach to destroy the ciliary body. Ultrasound circular cyclocoagulation (UC3), by using miniaturized transducers embedded in a dedicated circular-shaped device, permits to selectively treat the ciliary body in a one-step, computer-assisted, and non-operator-dependent procedure. UC3 shows a high level of safety along with a predictable and sustained IOP reduction in patients with refractory glaucoma. Because of this, the indication of UC3 was recently extended also to naïve-to-surgery patients, thus reconsidering the role and timing of ciliary body ablation in the surgical management of glaucoma. This article provides a review of the most used cycloablative techniques with particular attention to UC3, summarizing the current knowledge about this procedure and future possible developments.

Consensus document on radiotherapy in patients with implantable pacemakers and cardioverter – defibrilators

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (47) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Lidia Chmielewska-Michalak ◽  
Ewelina Konstanty ◽  
Przemysław Mitkowski
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Complex Care ◽  
Consensus Document ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Level ◽  
Emergency Mode

The number of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), who require oncological management including radiotherapy (RT) is still increasing. According to current knowledge the most frequent device dysfunction related to exposition to ionizing radiation is reprogramming to emergency mode (soft reset). There are uncommon cases of complete, irreversible device damage. CIED dysfunction during RT can be observed in approximately 3% of patients. In majority of cases they are asymptomatic, although in literature there are descriptions of deterioration of clinical status due to bradycardia or exacerbation of heart failure. The most important factor of device malfunction is radiotherapy with photons of energy >10 MV or protons despite energy used. So far there were no cases published with inadequate ICD therapies due to the presence of electromagnetic field interference during RT. Because patients with CIED undergoing RT need complex care to achieve high level of safety, experts of Heart Rhythm Society establish document, published in 2017 which summarized current knowledge about this group of patients. The document contains guidelines on peri-radiotherapy care of patients with CIED.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Diaporthe ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis Causing a Postharvest Fruit Rot in Kiwifruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 1402-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽  
Bernardo A. Latorre ◽  
Mauricio Lolas ◽  
Enrique Ferrada ◽  
Paulina Naranjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Postharvest Rot ◽  
Diaporthe Ambigua

Diaporthe spp. are important plant pathogens causing wood cankers, blight, dieback, and fruit rot in a wide range of hosts. During surveys conducted during the 2013 and 2014 seasons, a postharvest rot in Hayward kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) was observed in Chile. In order to identify the species of Diaporthe associated with this fruit rot, symptomatic fruit were collected from seven kiwifruit packinghouses located between San Francisco de Mostazal and Curicó (central Chile). Twenty-four isolates of Diaporthe spp. were identified from infected fruit based on morphological and cultural characters and analyses of nucleotides sequences of three loci, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a partial sequences of the β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes. The Diaporthe spp. identified were Diaporthe ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chilean isolates were grouped in separate clades with their correspondent ex-types species. All species of Diaporthe were pathogenic on wounded kiwifruit after 30 days at 0°C under normal and controlled-atmosphere (2% O2 and 5% CO2) storage and they were sensitive to benomyl, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole fungicides. D. ambigua isolates were the most virulent based on the lesion length measured in inoculated Hayward and Jintao kiwifruit. These findings confirm D. ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis as the causal agents of kiwifruit rot during cold storage in Chile. The specie D. actinidiae, a common of Diaporthe sp. found associated with kiwifruit rot, was not identified in the present study.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the forensic assessment of the reliability of the testimony of minor victims

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Ruslan Zaynullin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Forensic Assessment ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Minor

Problem statement: in the course of analyzing the legal regulation and practice of the participation of minor victims in verbal investigative actions, the author in this article identifies the problem of assessing the reliability of the testimony of minor victims. Objective: to develop general forensic recommendations for criminalistically ensuring the participation of a minor victim in verbal investigative actions, designed to ensure a high level of reliability of their testimony. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Results/brief conclusions: gaps in the legal regulation of the participation of a minor victim in verbal investigative actions are identified, and forensic recommendations are formulated to ensure that reliable testimony of minor victims is obtained.

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