scholarly journals No-Antibiotic-Pectin-Based Treatment Differently Modified Cloaca Bacteriobiome of Male and Female Broiler Chickens

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Svetlana B. Lysko ◽  
Olga A. Baturina ◽  
Natalia B. Naumova ◽  
Nadezhda A. Lescheva ◽  
Valentina I. Pleshakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Separate Factor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chicken Gut Microbiota

As the information about the effect of pectin prebiotics on chicken gut microbiota is scarce, by using high throughput metagenomic sequencing with Illumina Miseq we examined the cloaca bacteriobiome of male and female chickens receiving antibiotic- or pectin-containing drinking water. The bacteriobiome was dominated by two phyla (Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) and three classes (Clostridia, Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria), with the difference displayed by the relative abundance of 42 OTUs. At the level of the major dominant OTUs, prebiotic supplementation drastically increased Enterococcus abundance (from 0 to 11% and 23% in males and females, respectively). The better feed use efficiency and growth performance of the pectin-receiving chickens implied their better health and corroborated putative beneficial role of the altered bacteriobiome, although its ecophysiological and/or pathogenic importance could not be readily inferred. Notably, the gut microbiota response to antibiotics showed more sex-related differential OTUs as compared to the pectin prebiotic (19 vs. 4), suggesting different mechanisms of the studied supplementations in shaping the gut bacteriobiome in different sexes. Therefore, we recommend targeting sex as a separate factor in interventional studies to account for sex-specific peculiarities in the microbiome response and taking into account the male/female ratio of industrial flocks prior to choosing a production technology. The studied prebiotic (pectin) can be used in developing new pre/symbiotic preparations and supplementation regimes as alternatives to antibiotics for stimulating broiler chicken production.

Localization of the response elements of a gene induced by intermittent growth hormone stimulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Johnson ◽  
S Harrison ◽  
N Pineda ◽  
C Heinlein ◽  
R Al-Shawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Full Expression ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic Expression ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Three regions required for the expression of a mouse major urinary protein (MUP) transgene were identified by a deletion analysis. One of these was located upstream of the cap site between −2139 and −1800, another was the proximal promoter region downstream of −324 and the third lay within the 338 nucleotide intron 1. Both the proximal promoter and intron 1 are involved in sexually dimorphic expression of the transgene (male/female ratio 20), which is dictated by the different temporal profiles of circulating GH in the two sexes. The data also indicated that the region between exons 3 and 7 may contribute to full expression in males and that a region between −718 and −324 may contribute towards the low expression level that obtains in females, but compared with the three principal regions the effects of these regions are relatively minor. We propose (1) that full expression of the transgene requires the co-operation of transcription factors binding to the three principal regions and (2) that the difference in expression between the sexes relates to interactions between transcription factors bound to the proximal promoter and to sites in intron 1. Our results complement earlier in vitro footprinting and gel-retardation studies of the homologous rat α2u-globulin genes. These identified a number of response elements, including putative C/EBP and AP1 sites in the proximal promoter and intron 1 respectively and three putative ΨNF-1 sites, two in the proximal promoter and one in intron 1, but proof of the functionality of these sites in regulating transcription was lacking. The proximal promoter also contained a 34 nucleotide sequence that has 70% identity with the SPI GH response element.

scholarly journals Camouflage effects following resin infiltration of postorthodontic white-spot lesions in vivo: One-year follow-up

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amely Eckstein ◽  
Hans-Joachim Helms ◽  
Michael Knösel
Keyword(s):  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Resin Infiltration ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT Objective:  To assess camouflage effects by concealment of postorthodontic white-spot lesions (WSLs) to sound adjacent enamel (SAE) achieved over 12 months with resin infiltration (Icon, DMG, Hamburg, Germany). Methods:   Twenty subjects (trial teeth nteeth = 111) who had received resin infiltration treatment of noncavitated postorthodontic WSLs were contacted for a 1-year follow-up assessment of CIE-L*a*b* colors (T12). Color and lightness (CIE-L*a*b*) data for WSLs and SAE were compared to baseline data assessed before infiltration (T0) and those assessed after 6 months (T6), using a spectrophotometer. The target parameter was the difference between the summarized color and lightness values (ΔEWSL/SAE). Intergroup (WSL, SAE) and intertime comparisons (T0 vs T6, T12) were performed using paired t-tests at a significance level of α = 5%. Results:  Nine subjects (trial teeth nteeth = 49; male/female ratio 5/4; age range 13–19 years) were available at T12. After the highly significant reduction of ΔEWSL/SAE discrepancies between T0 and T6, analysis of 12-month records revealed color and lightness discrepancy of WSL vs SAE that was significantly decreased compared with baseline, indicating an assimilation of WSL color to SAE appearance after infiltration, while an additional reduction of discrepancies between T6 and T12 was not significant. Conclusion:  As color and lightness characteristics of the Icon infiltrant as well as the esthetic camouflage effects achieved by WSL infiltration were not altered significantly or clinically relevant after 12 months, the method of resin infiltration can be recommended for an enduring esthetic improvement of postorthodontic WSL. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:374–380.)

Male-Female Enrollment across Mathematics Tracks in Predominantly Black High Schools

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Cora Bagley Marrett ◽  
Harold Gates
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Large City ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mathematics Courses ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Female Ratio

The study examined sex differences in enrollment across mathematics tracks for six predominantly black senior high schools in a large city. The aggregate data for the schools showed only slight variation in the male-female ratio across the two tracks: Females were about half of the students in each track. There were differences among the schools, however, in the tracking patterns for female students and in how all the mathematics enrollees—both male and female—were divided between the tracks. In most of the schools, relatively few students of either sex were taking the higher track courses. The findings suggest that participation in higher level mathematics courses might reflect important characteristics of and conditions within schools.

scholarly journals ATHEROSCLEROSIS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1550-1555
Author(s):  
Kausar Abbas Saldera ◽  
Sanum Ali ◽  
Ahsan Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Neck Region ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: To compare the adiponectin/leptin ratio and intima media thicknessbetween normal and atherosclerotic individuals. To find out the association of A/L ratio withIMT in atherosclerotic patients. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Placeand Duration of Study: This study was conducted at department of Physiology, BMSI incollaboration with Radiology department, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, from16th December 2014 to 15th December 2015. Methodology: 160 subjects having Dopplerultrasound of neck were selected on the basis of pre-determined criteria. They were grouped incases i.e. atherosclerotic group (80 subjects) and control i.e. healthy group (80 subjects). Age> 20 years, both genders, patients for ultrasound Doppler for neck region irrespective of theirprovisional diagnosis, patients suffering from co-morbid conditions like diabetes, hypertension,chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, asthma and COPD and Healthy individuals(Controls) were included in this study. Patients who fail to gave consent and patients whoseultrasound findings were not up to the mark required for diagnosis were excluded from thisstudy. Results: Out of 160 patients in this study in control Male: Female ratio was 1:1.1 whilein cases, Male: Female ratio = 1:1. Majority (53.1%) of cases had age >50 years {41(51.25%)in controls and 44(55%) in cases}. Mean ages in two groups (controls and cases) were49.39+12.30 years and 53.31+10.09 years respectively (p = 0.029).44 (22.5%) patients weresmoker and 116 (72.5%) were non-smoker. In control group, 13 (16.3%) were smokers whereasin cases 31 (38.8%) were smokers (p = 0.002). Mean triglyceride levels were statistically highin atherosclerotic subjects as compared to healthy individuals (138.31+62.65 mg/dl and125.73+46.17 mg/dl respectively; p=0.024). Mean IMT of both right and left carotid arteriesexamined via carotid Doppler ultrasound were statistically high in atherosclerotic individuals ascompared to healthy subjects {(Right carotid; 0.83+0.23 mm and 0.63+0.16 mm respectively;p=0.022) (Left carotid; 0.85+0.25 mm and 0.64+0.16 mm respectively; p=0.004)}. MeanLeptin levels were statistically high in atherosclerotic individuals as compared to healthysubjects (332.32+555.31 ng/ml and 254.55+224.66 ng/ml respectively; p=0.001). However,the difference in Adiponectin levels was insignificant (7.93+4.80 μg/ml and 9.45+4.73 μg/mlrespectively; p=0.343). Conclusion: We conclude that plasma levels of Adiponectin and Leptinare significantly higher in atherosclerotic than normal individuals.

scholarly journals Optimization of reproduction of ricefish endemic to Southeast Sulawesi Oryzias woworae Parenti & Hadiaty, 2010 through different sex ratios in spawning

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-251
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ayip Firmansyah ◽  
Mustahal Mustahal ◽  
Mas Bayu Syamsunarno ◽  
Muh Herjayanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Status Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Endangered Status ◽  
Male To Female

Oryzias woworae has a beautiful color and has been traded as ornamental fish. This species is an endemic ricefish from Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi, and is threatened with endangered status. Information on the optimal spawning sex ratio in O. woworae is unknown. This study aimed was to examine the optimization of reproduction based on the sex ratio of male: female broodstock O. woworae involved in spawning. The sex ratio of male: female spawning broodstock used were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The male and female brooders used had a total length of 3,1 ± 0,5 cm and 2,5 ± 0,5 cm. After adaptation, the broodstock of O. woworae was put into aquariums according to the treatment, and each container contained three spawning substrates. The harvesting of eggs on the substrate is carried out two times a day. The results showed that spawning O. woworae with a ratio of 1♂: 4♀ produced the lowest number of eggs and was significantly different with ratios of 1♂: 1♀ and 1♂: 2♀ (P<0,05). The ratio of 1♂ : 3♀ gave the highest egg hatching of 55% but was not significantly different from other treatments (P>0,05). The difference in male and female ratios did not affect the survival rate of O. woworae larvae (P>0,05), with values from 91,9-100%. The highest larvae produced was found in the spawning ratio of 1♂ : 3♀ with 37 larvae but not significantly different from other treatments (P>0,05). The water quality values during the study were temperature 26,5-310C, pH 5,5-8,8, and dissolved oxygen 5,3-6,0 mg L-1. O. woworae broodstock spawning can be optimized with a male to female ratio of 1:3.

scholarly journals Microbiota, Gut Health and Chicken Productivity: What Is the Connection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Diaz Carrasco ◽  
Natalia A. Casanova ◽  
Mariano E. Fernández Miyakawa
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Chicken Gut Microbiota

Gut microbiota and its relationship to animal health and productivity in commercial broiler chickens has been difficult to establish due to high variability between flocks, which derives from plenty of environmental, nutritional, and host factors that influence the load of commensal and pathogenic microbes surrounding birds during their growth cycle in the farms. Chicken gut microbiota plays a key role in the maintenance of intestinal health through its ability to modulate host physiological functions required to maintain intestinal homeostasis, mainly through competitive exclusion of detrimental microorganisms and pathogens, preventing colonization and therefore decreasing the expense of energy that birds normally invest in keeping the immune system active against these pathogens. Therefore, a “healthy” intestinal microbiota implies energy saving for the host which translates into an improvement in productive performance of the birds. This review compiles information about the main factors that shape the process of gut microbiota acquisition and maturation, their interactions with chicken immune homeostasis, and the outcome of these interactions on intestinal health and productivity.

scholarly journals Prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by cord blood analysis to diagnose subsequent hyperbilirubinemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1658
Author(s):  
S. K. Mahammad Rafi ◽  
Vani Gandikota ◽  
Gangadhar B. Belavadi
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Cord Blood Sample ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Difference

Background: the study was aimed to determine the predictive value of cord bilirubin and 24th hour serum bilirubin levels in identifying newborn babies at risk of developing significant hyperbilirubinemia.Methods: A total 300 term neonates with a mean birth weight of 2.58±0.23 kg ranging from 1.92 kg-4.1kg were included in this study. Under strict aseptic precautions cord blood sample were collected from all newborns for analysis of serum bilirubin levels, and haemoglobin levels.Results: The incidence of significant hyperbilirubinemia in this study was 14%. Among jaundiced newborns sex ratio M/F:1.6:1(male female ratio 1.1:1). Mean Cord bilirubin levels in babies who subsequently developed hyperbilirubinemia was 2.798±0.5559 mg/dl and in others were 1.511±0.3260 mg/dl and the difference was statistically significant. There was a statistically significant correlation between cord bilirubin and neonatal jaundice. Cord bilirubin ≥2 mg/dl had good predictive value in identifying newborns who are likely to develop significant hyperbilirubinemia later.Conclusions: Babies with cord blood bilirubin ≥2 mg/dl can be followed up in the hospital for 5 days, the time of peak neonatal hyperbilirubinemia to prevent the babies discharged early and later readmission for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fissure Healing and The Incidence of Headache Among the Patients Treated with Endo- and Perianal Application of 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate for Chronic Anal Fissure

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (204) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Mukund Raj Joshi ◽  
Tanka Prasad Bohara ◽  
Shail Rupakheti
Keyword(s):  
Glyceryl Trinitrate ◽  
Anal Fissure ◽  
Chronic Anal Fissure ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Independent Observer ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Chronic anal fissure is associated with significant morbidity and reduction in quality of life mostly in young healthy adults. Glyceryl Trinitrate, a most commonly used agent for treatment, is associated with incidence of headache causing discontinuation of treatment. There is belief that endoanal application instead of perianal is associated with lower incidence of headache. This study is to compare the incidence and severity of headache in between perianal and endoanal application of GTN ointment.Methods: Thirty patients were taken in each perianal and endoanal group. They were given orientation to apply 375gm of ointment either endoanally or perianally and to record severity of headache according to visual analogue scale. This record was noted by independent observer in telephonic conversation. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks for evaluation fissure. Results: The mean age, male female ratio and features of chronicity was similar in both the group however the duration of symptoms between the group was different. Regarding outcome, Overall incidence of headache was seen in two-third of patient with severe headache in approx. 10%. Severity of headache was slightly lower in endoanal group but the difference was not significant. Healing rate was comparable. Two patient in perianal and 3 in endoanal group were lost for follow up. Conclusions: Endoanal application of GTN ointment is associated with slight decrease in intensity of headache and is comparable with perianal application for fissure healing.  Keywords: anal fissure; endoanal; glyceryl trinitrate;headache; perianal.| PubMed

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Efficacy of Methotrexate and Sulphasalazine in Spondyloarthropathies

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
NS Afsar ◽  
MMN Khan ◽  
MMH Chowdhury ◽  
SA Haq ◽  
M Khalilur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Active Disease

Background: Spondyloarthropathies include a wide spectrum of disease. The study was conducted with the aim of observing the efficacy of SSZ and MTX in different subclasses of spondyloarthropathies and to compare the treatment response of the two drugs. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Rheurnatology clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) between January 1999 and July 2001.A total number of one hundred twenty five patients was included in the study. Patients with active disease more than three months, regularly taking NSAIDs and not on DMARD in the last three months were included in the study. Monthly follow up of the patients was done for 6 months. Result: One hundred twenty five patients were included in this study. Male female ratio was 11.5:1. Mean age of patients was 24.17±7.15 years. The mean disease duration was 47.8±32.8 months. The present study categorized the patients into responder and non responder. Among the 78 patients in AS subclass, after completion of 6 month trial 55.6% patients in SSZ group and 39.4% patients in MTX group were categorized responder. The difference of response between drug groups was not significant (p=0.158). In the JCA subclass 81.82% in SSZ and 50% in MTX group were responder. The numbers of patient in Reiter's/Reactive Arthritis in our study were too small to make a definite comment. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that both the SSZ and MTX are effective DMARDs for spondyloarthropathies. Statistical analysis did not prove superiority of one drug over another, though the response rates were numerically higher in SSZ group. TAJ 2011; 24(1): 43-47

scholarly journals Clinical study to assess the risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures in tertiary hospital at Cuddalore district

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Chidambaranathan S. ◽  
Madhubalan T. ◽  
Harivasudevan S.
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common and benign convulsive disorder in childhood and a frequent cause of emergency hospital admission  Febrile Seizures (FS) are age-dependent and are rare before the age of 9 months and after 5 years of age, the peak age of onset is 14-18months. To assess the clinical profile in children with febrile seizures and compare these values with febrile children without seizures.Methods: The study included children admitted with bronchiolitis in between during the period of August 2018 to March 2019 at Department of Pediatrics, Raja Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. It is a case-control study. The study group includes 50 cases (febrile seizures) and 50 controls (fever without seizures) aged 6months to 5 years (6-60 months) attending the pediatric out-patient department.Results: 54% of the cases were male (27) and 46% of the cases were female (23). Male: female ratio was 1.17:1. Mean temperature in cases and controls were 101.61±1.31 °F and 101.17±0.86 °F respectively. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p-value >0.05). duration of seizure was <5 minutes in 80% of cases (40/50) and >5mins in 20% of the cases (10/50).Conclusions: Simple febrile seizures may slightly increase the risk of developing epilepsy, but have no adverse effects on behaviour, scholastic performance, or neurocognition. The risk of developing epilepsy is increased further in children with a history of complex febrile seizures. A strong association exists between febrile status epilepticus or febrile seizures characterized by focal symptoms and later development of temporal lobe epilepsy.

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