scholarly journals Can Hairy Vetch Cover Crop Affects Arsenic Accumulation in Vegetable Crops?

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Mancinelli ◽  
Emanuele Radicetti ◽  
Rosario Muleo ◽  
Sara Marinari ◽  
Ilenia Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Alternative System ◽  
Plant Samples

Agricultural practices greatly influence the bioavailability of heavy metals. Arsenic (As) is a heavy metal identified as a concern due to its potential impact on human health. Two-year field experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of cropping system on As accumulation in tomato, sweet pepper and zucchini. The treatments were: (i) conventional system based on common practices of the area; and (ii) alternative systems based on cultivation of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) in no-tillage before vegetable crops. Randomized block design with three replications was adopted. Soil and plant samples (fruits, leaves, stems and roots) were collected at crop harvesting. Plant samples were weighed and analyzed to evaluate As content. Soil chemical analyses were performed to evaluate the total organic carbon and nitrogen content. The As accumulation observed in plant samples of tomato, sweet pepper and zucchini resulted always low in the alternative system, except in fruits where As accumulation was similar between the systems. The increase of soil organic matter observed in alternative system probably caused a reduction of As accumulation into crop tissues. Therefore, hairy vetch cultivation in no-tillage could be a suitable strategy to reduce the As uptake of vegetable crops in geogenic contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Molybdenum mixed with glyphosate and alone via foliar spray in no-tillage common bean grown on corn stover

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Gessimar Nunes Camelo ◽  
Geraldo Antonio de Andrade Araújo ◽  
Renildes Lucio Ferreira Fontes ◽  
Luiz Antonio dos Santos Dias ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mo Content

The effect of molybdenum (Mo) on common bean grown in desiccated corn stover in a no-tillage system was evaluated under two application modes: Mo mixed with the desiccant glyphosate and Mo direct spray to the bean leaves. The treatments (four replicates) were assigned to a completely randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with the application of Mo (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 g ha-1) mixed with glyphosate in the main plots and Mo foliar spray (0 and 100 g ha-1) in the sub-plots. The field experiments were carried out in 2009 and 2010 in the municipality of Coimbra, Minas Gerais State, with the common bean cultivar Ouro Vermelho. Mo mixed with glyphosate had neither an effect on common bean yield nor on the Mo and N contents in leaves, however it increased the Mo and N contents in seeds. Application of Mo via foliar spray increased Mo content in leaves and Mo and N contents in seeds. The reapplication of molybdenum with glyphosate for desiccation in subsequent crops caused a cumulative effect of Mo content in bean seeds.

Reduced-Herbicide Weed Management Systems for No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays) in a Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) Cover Crop

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Vicia Villosa

Weed management treatments with various degrees of herbicide inputs were applied with or without a hairy vetch cover crop to no-tillage corn in four field experiments at Beltsville, MD. A hairy vetch living mulch in the no-treatment control or a dead mulch in the mowed treatment improved weed control during the first 6 wk of the season but weed control deteriorated in these treatments thereafter. Competition from weeds and/or uncontrolled vetch in these treatments without herbicides reduced corn yield in three of four years by an average of 46% compared with a standard PRE herbicide treatment of 0.6 kg ai/ha of paraquat plus 1.1 kg ai/ha of atrazine plus 2.2 kg ai/ha of metolachlor. Reducing atrazine and metolachlor to one-fourth the rate of the standard treatment in the absence of cover crop reduced weed control in three of four years and corn yield in two of four years compared with the standard treatment. Hairy vetch had little influence on weed control or corn yield with any herbicide treatments.

scholarly journals Using Hairy Vetch to Manage Soil Phosphorus Accumulation from Poultry Litter Applications in a Warm-season Vegetable Rotation

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-495
Author(s):  
Clydette M. Alsup ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Mark E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Vegetable Rotation

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crops were grown in a rotation with sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. Reticulatus group) to evaluate the legume's ability to remove excess P from soils when poultry litter was used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer treatments were: 1) litter to meet each crop's recommended preplant N requirements (1×); 2) litter at twice the recommended rate (2×); and 3) urea at the 1× rate as the control. Following the vegetable crops, hairy vetch was planted on half of each replication, while the other half was fallowed. The vetch was removed from the field in a simulated haying operation in the spring. Soil samples were taken at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths at the onset of the study and after each crop to monitor plant nutrient concentrations. The vetch sometimes raised soil test N concentrations at the 0-15 cm depth. Soil test P concentrations at the 0-15 cm sampling depth in the vetch system were consistently lower numerically, but not statistically, relative to comparable plots in the fallow system. Soil test P at the 0-15 cm depth was usually increased by litter at the 2× rate relative to the urea control, regardless of cropping system. Yields of both vegetable crops were similar among all cover crop and fertilizer treatments.

scholarly journals Impact of Long Term Application of Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Manure on Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity under Soybean-Wheat Cropping System in a Vertisol

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Nilesh Patidar ◽  
A. K. Dwivedi ◽  
B. S. Dwivedi ◽  
R. K. Thakur ◽  
Jalendra Bairwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Available N ◽  
The Impact

The field experiments was conducted is an ongoing All India Co-ordinate Research Project on “Long term Fertilizer Experiment” during 2018-2019 with soybean-wheat cropping sequence at the Research Farm Department of Soil Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.), India. The objective of the study was the Impact of long term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure on soil fertility and crop productivity under soybean-wheat cropping system in a Vertisol. The experiment consists of ten treatments i.e. T1 50% NPK, T2 100% NPK, T3 150% NPK, T4 100% NPK + Hand Weeding, T5 100% NPK + Zn, T6 100% NP, T7 100% N, T8 100% NPK+ Farm Yard Manure, T9 100% NPK–S and T10 unfertilized plot (control) with four replications in a randomized block design. The findings of the present study indicated that the soil pH and EC were remaining unaltered even after continuous application of variable amounts of fertilizers either alone or in combination. A significant positive change in soil organic carbon, available N P K and S content was observed with continuous additions of balanced fertilizers and manures over the imbalanced or unfertilized treatments. The findings showed that the application of recommended dose of N, P and K (20:80:20 kg ha-1 for soybean and 120:80:40 kg ha-1 for wheat) with organic manure (FYM) @ 5 t ha-1 resulted in 185.8% and 325.9% increase over control in soybean and wheat yields, respectively. Thus, the continuous use of balanced fertilization, either alone or in combination with organic manure is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops.

Response of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] as Succeeding Crop to Residual Effect of Extreme Levels of Atrazine Administered in Preceding Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bagwasi ◽  
C.R. Chinnamuthu ◽  
P. Murali Arthanari ◽  
P. Malarvizhi ◽  
C.N. Chandrasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Background: Globally, grain legumes are the paramount family of agricultural crops following cereals. Generally, sequence cropping has manifested effectual in increasing farm productivity and profitability. However, sometimes herbicides administered in previous crop may be associated with phytotoxic effects that can later cause damage to the succeeding crops. The present study aimed to understand the residual effect of extreme levels of atrazine on succeeding cowpea under maize-cowpea cropping system. Methods: Field experiments were conducted during Kharif and rabi season of 2019-20 and 2020-21 in a randomized block design with eleven treatments, replicated thrice. Result: Residual effect of pre-emergence atrazine at 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by tembotrione at 120g a.i. ha-1 as post-emergence at 25 DAS recorded the lowest total weed density (4.41), total weed dry weight (9.81 g m-2) and highest weed control efficiency (39.25%) during rabi 2019-20 while during rabi 2020-21 lowest total weed density (5.03), total weed dry weight (10.68 g m-2) and highest weed control efficiency (39.65%) were noticed in pre-emergence atrazine 50% WP at 2.00 kg a.i. ha-1. Highest seed yield (788.67 and 842.33 kg ha-1) was obtained in weed free treatment.

Effect of Digestate on growth and production of rice under rice – wheat cropping system

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
Bisheshwor Prasad Pandey ◽  
Khem Raj Pant ◽  
Mathura Yadav ◽  
Narayan Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield Maximization

Field experiments were conducted during rainy seasons of 2017 and 2018 at National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa to identify the suitable age and appropriate dose of digestate/biogas slurry regarding yield maximization of rice (cv. Ram dhan). The experiment compared the effect of different age [5 days (fresh), 90 days (3 months) and 180 days (6 months)] and dose (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) of digestate/biogas slurry on rice yield. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replications. Grain yield of rice was significantly higher (4.5 t ha-1) with the application of biogas slurry of 5 days than 90 days (4.3 t ha-1) age, in 2017 A. D. Similarly, yield was significantly higher (4.6 t ha-1) with the application of biogas slurry 5 days than of 90 days (4.5 t ha-1) age, in 2018.  Yield due to the application of biogas slurry of 5 days was equal to the yield resulted from the use of biogas slurry of 180 days in 2017 and 2018.  The pooled analysis showed that the yield with the application of biogas slurry of 5 days age was significantly higher (4.6 t ha-1) than the yield due to the application of biogas slurry of 90 (4. 4 t ha-1) and 180 days (4.5 t ha-1) age. The yield of rice has been found increasing significantly as the dose of biogas slurry was incremented from 0 t ha-1   to 15 t ha-1 in 2017, 2018 and in pooled analysis. The yield of rice was significantly higher (4.6 t ha-1)   in 2018 than in 2017 (4.4 t ha-1), in pooled analysis. Thus, the use of biogas slurry of the age of 5 days with the dose of 15 t ha-1 produced the  higher grain yield of rice. 

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Manures and Their Combination With Urea On Sweet Pepper Production in the Mid-hills

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Suresh Ghimire ◽  
Santa M Shakya ◽  
Arvind Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Goat Manure

Using excessive chemical fertilizers to combat increasing challenges for food has been creating a serious threat to the environment. To address this contemporary problem field experiments were carried out during March-July, 2010 and February-August, 2011 to evaluate the effect of organic manures and their combination with urea on production of sweet pepper in a randomized complete block design. Farmyard manure, goat manure, vermicompost, their combination with urea, and inorganic fertilizers alone were used as treatments based on fulfillment of required nitrogen (150 Kg/ha) for the crop. The results showed that application of FYM-50%+urea-50% gave the highest fruit set (45.7%) and took least number of days (49.67 days) to first flowering. Weight per fruit was the highest (98.30 g) with FYM-50%+urea-50% followed by vermicompost-100% (94.52 g). The highest fruit yield (13.53 t/ha) was recorded with FYM-50%+urea-50% followed by goat manure- 100% (11.95 t/ha), both being at par. Physiological weight loss was the highest (16.4%) with inorganic fertilizers and was the lowest (6.7%) with goat manure 100%.

scholarly journals Biomass Quantity and Quality from Different Year-Round Cereal–Legume Cropping Systems as Forage or Fodder for Livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9414
Author(s):  
Konapura Nagaraja Manoj ◽  
Bommalapura Gundanaik Shekara ◽  
Shankarappa Sridhara ◽  
Prakash Kumar Jha ◽  
P. V. Vara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Livestock Feed

The quantity and quality of forage and fodder crops is the major drawback of the livestock sector in the country. There is a need to bridge the gap between the supply and demand of fodder through the adoption of specific sustainable fodder production strategies. The field experiments were conducted during kharif (rainy, June–October), rabi (post-rainy, October–February), and summer (March–May) seasons of 2018–19 and 2019–20 to identify a sustainable fodder cropping system module in randomized complete block design with fifteen fodder cropping systems in three replications. The main objective of this research was to identify the most productive cereal–legume cropping system, both in terms of quantity and quality of biomass, to reduce the gap between supply and demand of quality livestock feed around the year. Among cropping systems, Bajra–Napier hybrid intercropped with lucerne, cowpea, and sesbania recorded significantly higher green fodder (163.6, 155.2, and 144.0 t/ha/year, respectively) and dry matter yields (32.1, 30.8, and 31.3 t/ha/year, respectively). Similarly, the same perennial systems also recorded higher quality yield and ash content. However, higher crude protein content was noticed in monocrop legumes, with the highest in sesbania (22.32%), while higher ether extractable fat was found in monocrop sesbania (3.78%). The monocrop oats recorded higher non-fiber carbohydrates (36.90%) while a monocrop of pearl millet recorded higher total carbohydrates (80.75%), however they were on par with other monocrop cereal cropping systems. Cultivation of legumes as a monocrop, and their inclusion as an intercrop with cereals resulted in lower fiber fractions and improved crude protein in intercropping systems. Furthermore, this improved the dry matter intake and digestibility of fodder. With higher sustainable yield index values and land-use efficiency, perennial intercropping systems were also found to be sustainable. Thus, cultivation of the Bajra–Napier hybrid with either lucerne, cowpea, or sesbania as an intercrop will help livestock farmers to achieve higher productivity in terms of quantity and quality, and forms a viable option for overcoming livestock feed scarcity.

scholarly journals Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in the Productivity of Maize and Fingermillet Relay Cropping System

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Shrestha ◽  
Geeta Shrestha (Vaidya) ◽  
Binayak P. Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Nonsignificant Difference ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Level Of Significance

Field experiments were conducted in farmer field in 2008 to scrutinize the effects of AM fungi in the productivity of maize/fingermillet cropping system in the rainfed dryland area of Kavrepalanchwok district. Following randomized complete block design, six treatments with four replications were maintained. Results showed significant effect of AM inoculation on plant height and yield of maize at 1% level of significance, whereas fingermillet was positive with nonsignificant difference on both parameters. Improvement in available soil phosphorus status was observed distinct in both maize (26.51±9.54 kg P2O5/ha) and fingermillet (30.11±15.15 kg P2O5/ha) in arbuscular mycorrhiza treated plots (T3) than control (T1). Arbuscular mycorrhiza spore density was also improved in the mycorrhiza treatments with (T6) and without nitrogen and potash fertiliser (T3) as compared to control (T1) in both maize and fingermillet.Key words: Biofertiliser; Endomycorrhiza; Grain yield; Soil productivityDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2823Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 51-55  

scholarly journals Effect of Sweet Potato Vine Planting Orientation on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato/Maize Intercropping System in Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idoko, J.A ◽  
Akaazua, B.W ◽  
Aduwele, A.T
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potato Vine ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Sweet Potato Vine

Two field experiments were carried out during the cropping seasons of 2016 and 2017 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. The experiments sought to determine the effect of sweet potato vine orientation on growth and yield of sweet potato/maize intercropping system with a view to improve the productivity of maize/sweet potato intercropping in Makurdi. The experiment was a 2 x 2 x 3 split-split plot laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot treatments were two cropping systems [sole cropping (sweet potato, maize), intercropping (sweet potato + maize)].The sub plot treatments were made up of two maize varieties (pop.66SR/ACR.91 SUWAH 1-SR and M2: pool18R/AK94DMRESR-Y). The sub-sub plot treatments comprised of three (3) sweet potato vine orientations (incline, loop and horizontal). The result obtained from the experiment showed sole cropping gave higher cob length, number of seeds per cob, cob weight, grain yield and 100-seed weight of maize than intercropping in both years. In all years, pool18R/AK94DMRESR-Y produced higher yield and yield parameters of maize than pop.66SR/ACR.91 SUWAH 1-SR irrespective of the cropping system. In 2016 and 2017, horizontal vine orientation gave higher vine length, root diameter, root length, number of saleable roots per hectare and weight of saleable roots than all the other vine orientations. Intercropping with pop.66SR/ACR.91 SUWAH 1-SR gave higher growth and yield parameters than intercropping with pool18R/AK94DMRESR-Y. All intercrop combinations had LER figures above 1.0 and LEC values above 0.25 in both years. CR values of sweet potato were consistently higher than those of maize in all intercrop combinations in 2016 and 2017

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document