scholarly journals Generational Changes in Agriculture: The Influence of Farm Characteristics and Socio-Economic Factors

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Sroka ◽  
Michał Dudek ◽  
Tomasz Wojewodzic ◽  
Karol Król
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Generational Changes ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Impact

The increasing importance of large cities (metropolises) poses a range of challenges to the socio-economic functions of the rural and agricultural areas around them. One such challenge is pressure exerted on family-run farms to abandon agricultural activity and on people engaged in such activity to shift to other sectors. This may be a hindrance to successful succession on family farms. The aim of this paper is to present spatial variation in generational changes in farms located around large cities (metropolises) in Poland and to assess the factors affecting the scale of such changes. Special attention was paid to the importance of the location of farms relative to large cities. One innovative feature of the approach presented was to conduct an analysis of generational changes in the agricultural sector at the supra-local level along with an attempt to quantify the impact of large urban centers on that process. The empirical material based on which the conclusions were formulated included official statistics data and information made available by an institution engaged in the implementation of agricultural policy programs financed from European Union (EU) funds, i.e., young farmer payments (Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) pillar I) and measures “Setting up of young farmers” and “Early retirement” (CAP Pillar II). In the executed study, methods of descriptive and multivariate statistics, including regression trees, were used. It was found that socio-economic (exogenous) factors had a significant statistical impact on generational changes in farms. In areas with an attractive labor market and a high level of urbanization, a successful generational shift in farms occurred less often. Nonetheless, generational changes in the agriculture of the analyzed areas were relatively most strongly determined by endogenous factors linked with the economic potential of the farm. Farm characteristics (area of agricultural land and economic size) and the characteristics of managers, including in particular their education, were found to be more important than exogenous factors. In areas where large and economically strong farms dominated and the level of education among farmers was relatively high, generational changes were faster compared to other areas.

scholarly journals Wpływ czynników endogenicznych na prawdopodobieństwo dzierżawy gruntów przez gospodarstwa rolne w Polsce

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Strzelecka ◽  
Agnieszka Kurdyś-Kujawska ◽  
Danuta Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Labor Inputs ◽  
Exogenous Factors

The lease of agricultural land in Poland is, apart from ownership, the basic legal title of organizing and running farms. The possibility of increasing the area leads to the improvement of the farmers' income situation. Not only because of the size of production and income from it, but also because of the amount of subsidies received. The decision to lease land depends on a number of endogenous and exogenous factors. The aim of the article was to determine the endogenous factors affecting the likelihood of renting land by agricultural holdings in Poland. The study was conducted on the basis of accountancy data obtained in 2015 by agricultural holdings conducting agricultural accounting for the needs of the Polish FADN. Determining the factors affecting the likelihood of land leased by agricultural holdings in Poland was made using the logistic regression model. The studies carried out prove that the decision to lease the land depends on the resources of the agricultural holding. The presented research results suggest that the probability of renting land increases with the increase in the area of arable land, the share of foreign capital in the financing of agricultural activity and own labor inputs on the farm. This likelihood also increases with decreasing productivity of fixed assets (reduced by land, permanent crops and production quotas).

scholarly journals [Agriculture Land Development Policy According to Islamic Perspective] Dasar Pembangunan Tanah Pertanian Menurut Perspektif Islam

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Mohd Borhanuddin Zakaria ◽  
Amir Husin Mohd Nor ◽  
Noor Lizza Mohamed Said ◽  
Md. Yazid Ahmad ◽  
Juairiah Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Government

National Agricultural Policy (DPN 1, 1984-1991, 1992-1997 DPN 2, 3 DPN 1998-2010), and the National Agro-Food Policy (DAN 2011-2020) was a transformation of the government to improve the country’s food quality. Various plans have been made through DPN and DAN. However, there are shortcomings in the DPN implemented with the aim of economic development alone. This study aims to put certain mechanisms for the development of the agricultural sector in line with the teachings of Islam which includes holistic human development. The research methodology used in this study is content analysis, analysing data using descriptive approach with a combination of qualitative approach of analyzing the text, including the analysis of documents and official reports, circulars, annual reports, statements of position, financial plan, reports agencies, and transcripts. The study found that the basic development of Islamic farmland is based on the concept of tauhidiyyah, rububiyyah, tazkiyyah, tanmiyyah, khilafah, insaniyyah, akhlaqiyyah which applies Islamic spiritual values including the preservation of the environment and the securities development.   Key Words: National Agricultural Policy (DPN), Development of Agricultural Land, Land Development Concept in Islam.     Dasar Pertanian Negara (DPN 1 1984-1991, DPN 2 1992-1997, DPN 3 1998-2010), dan Dasar Agromakanan Negara (DAN 2011-2020) merupakan satu transformasi kerajaan bagi meningkatkan kualiti makanan negara. Pelbagai perancangan khusus telah dibuat melalui DPN dan DAN. Namun terdapat kepincangan dalam DPN yang dilaksanakan dengan tujuan pembangunan ekonomi semata-mata. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meletakkan mekanisma tertentu agar pembangunan sektor pertanian selari dengan tuntutan Islam yang  merangkumi pembangunan insan secara syumul. Metodologi kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian analisis kandungan, data-data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis melalui pendekatan deskriptif dengan gabungan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu menganalisis teks termasuk menganalisis dokumen-dokumen dan laporan-laporan rasmi,surat pekeliling, laporan tahunan,laporan jabatan, rancangan kewangan, laporan agensi,dan transkrip. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa dasar pembangunan tanah pertanian Islam berteraskan konsep tauhidiyyah, rububiyyah, tazkiyyah, tanmiyyah, khilafah, insaniyyah, akhlaqiyyah yang menerapkan nilai-nilai kerohanian Islam termasuk pelestarian alam sekitar dan sekuriti pembangunan.   Kata kunci: Dasar Pertanian Negara (DPN), Pembangunan Tanah Pertanian, Konsep Pembangunan Tanah Islam.

scholarly journals On the Way to Eco-Innovations in Agriculture: Concepts, Implementation and Effects at National and Local Level. The Case of Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Dudek ◽  
Wioletta Wrzaszcz
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Data Collections

The aim of the study was to provide the examples of eco-innovations in agriculture relating to the concept of sustainable development and the indication of their conditions. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to the research, namely: descriptive statistical and economic analysis of the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data and Statistics Poland data, as well as case studies of organic food producers, covering the years 2005–2019. Indicated information sources, encompassing long time span of analysis and various data collections, allowed presenting the complementary picture of eco-innovations at the sector and farm levels. The research examined the different types of ecological innovations in Polish agriculture, including: (1) organisational innovations with an institutional background (e.g., the organic farming support and greening mechanism of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)—implemented in the family farming sector); and (2) the product, marketing, process and organisational innovations in selected organic farms that were individual farmers’ initiatives. On the one hand, the research documented the effectiveness of new agricultural policy solutions in the agricultural sector that are examples of organisational eco-innovations. During 2005–2016, the certification system, as well as policy support, contributed to the development of organic farms in Poland in terms of the growth in the share of this type of holdings in total (from 0.5% to 4.6%) and in the overall utilised agricultural area (UAA) (from 0.3% to 3.7%). Moreover, during 2014–2015, as a result of the greening in agricultural holdings, the area sown with pulses and papilionaceous, i.e., crops improving soil structure and protecting soils, rose by 174% and 161%, respectively. On the other hand, the case studies conducted showed that the food producers’ knowledge and skills combined with a favourable local economic and social situation, as well as institutional support, played a key role in the process of the emergence of eco-innovations. Among those factors, the respondents’ individual characteristics associated with attitudes towards farming and the social, human and physical capital passed on by family members should be highlighted. This paper contributes to existing literature in two ways. First, this study combines both quantitative and qualitative (including in-depth interviews) approaches to eco-innovations at the micro and macro level of analysis. Second, by differentiating two approaches to ecological innovations, namely the conventional and the sustainable, the article indicates and considers the key factors favourable to the latter.

scholarly journals The impact of climate change on European agricultural policy

European View ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Warming World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Principal Contributor ◽  
The Eu

Agriculture in the context of climate change is often a provocative subject because agriculture is both heavily impacted by the warming world and also a principal contributor to climate change. As efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions increase, the EU is pushing all sectors to integrate measures to combat climate change. This article argues that the agricultural sector has instigated a process of integrating climate concerns. However, these efforts will not lead to a large number of disruptive changes in the agricultural sector. While the EU is putting climate change firmly on the agricultural agenda, ranking the issue even higher than the environment, the Union’s primary goal is still to support the income of farmers. Hence, the EU’s intentions will likely lead to raising awareness of the issue of climate change in the context of agriculture but will not lead to any transformative changes in European agricultural policymaking.

FINACIAL FUNDS FROM EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS AS A CHANCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SECTOR OF ORGANIC FARMS IN POLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Jezierska-Thöle ◽  
Mirosław Biczkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Rural Development Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The aim of the work was to present and describe the development of organic farms in Poland and the impact of EU funds on the development of this sector. The possibilities of financing their development from the Rural Development Program funds in the period 2007-2013 functioning within the framework of the Union‘s Common Agricultural Policy were pointed out. The theoretical foundations and assumptions related to the functioning of the organic farming sector were also approximated. The results show that in the years 2002-2013 there was an increase in the number and area of organic farms. The greatest impact on the increase of the number and area of organic farms is the functioning of the RDPs in the years 2004-2006 and 2007-2013 and within it the subsidies for organic production. This confirms the very strong correlation between the number of farms and the amounts of subsidies paid to farms producing organic farming. It can be assumed that in the next few years the share of the area of ecological agricultural land may exceed 4-5%.

scholarly journals Impact of the Domestic Labor Market on Sustainability of Agriculture in Oman

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Hemesiri Bandara Kotagama ◽  
Hamam Al-Farsi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

Undistorted factor markets are a perquisite for efficient allocation of resources and growth in production. In Oman by 2013, only 16% of households have reported agriculture as the main occupation and 53% have reported nonagricultural government employment as the main occupation. This situation is hypothesized to be related to the labor market; where government legislated higher remuneration in the nonagricultural government sector vis-a-vis agricultural sector, influences Omani farmers to move to nonagricultural employment, causing reduced cultivated area and farm production. The study uses operations research methods to quantify the impact of labor market policies on agricultural employment, farm gross income and land use intensity (proxy for farm production and food security). It is found that the shift of Omani labor from agriculture is influenced by higher wages in the nonagricultural sectors. The agricultural land use intensity is thereby decreased. The policy of allowing hiring of expatriate labor is beneficial in overcoming labor scarcity. However, in the long-run both farm productivity need to improve to be competitive with legislated income receivable from nonagricultural employment and ideally labor markets need to operate freely, to enhance food security and assure employment of Omani labor in agriculture.

scholarly journals Formation of budgets of local self governance in the system of social development of territorial communities

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Alexey Chugunov
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Local Government Budget ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget System

The subject of the study is theoretical and practical issues of the formation of budgets of local self-government in the system of social development of territorial communities. The purpose of the study is to reveal the priority tasks for improving the system of formation of budgets of local self-government. Research methods. The paper uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systematic, structural, comparative, factor methods, which allowed to realize the conceptual unity of the research. Results of work. The article reveals the role of local self-government budgets in the development of administrative-territorial units. A number of legislative and normative acts on regulation of the process of formation of budgets of local self-government are generalized. The priority tasks of the budget policy concerning support of territorial communities, strengthening of their tax capacity, increase of efficiency of coordination of activity of bodies of state power and local self-government are determined. The article is based on the establishment of an effective institutional framework for the formation of local self-government budgets in the system of social development of territorial communities. The field of application of results. System of state financial regulation, budgetary policy, budget system. Conclusions. The development of the budget system is possible by ensuring the sustainability of the formation of local government budgets in the system of social development of territorial communities, activating their innovation-investment component and strengthening the influence on the socio-economic development of administrative-territorial units. The importance of further enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the formation of local government budgets is conditioned by the need to increase the efficiency of the management of public financial resources in the conditions of their constraints, the development of a strategy for the development of local government budgets and the creation of institutional conditions for increasing their self-sufficiency, taking into account the cyclical nature of economic fluctuations and the impact of exogenous and endogenous factors in financially -budgetary environment. At this stage, the important task is to implement effective transformations of the system of forming local budgets by supporting voluntary associations of territorial communities, which necessitates the increase of efficiency and efficiency of administrative decisions of executive bodies and local governments in the field of strategic budget planning. It is advisable to improve the system of monitoring the socioeconomic efficiency of local government budget expenditures by using qualitative and quantitative indicators, introducing medium-term budget planning at the local level, adhering to the principle of transparency and accountability of local self-governance bodies to the public. Important tasks are improving the system of formation of local budgets taking into account application of modern financial-budget methods and tools; Creation of effective incentives to ensure the interest of local self-government bodies in the growth of their own income base and increase their level of responsibility for the use of budget resources; ensuring adequate revenues to local government budgets, and increasing the efficiency of the use of budget resources.

scholarly journals MASALAH UPAH DI JAWA: DARI SRIHARJO TAHUN 1960-AN KE TANGERANG TAHUN 1990-AN*

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Manning
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Limited Supply ◽  
The Impact

The results of the PJPI reject the findings of earlier researches about the concept of disguised unemployment. In the context of the carrying capacity of the natural resources of a place compared with the existing population, its relationship with poverty is no longer very strong. Srihardjo is one of the villages in the island of Java which disagrees with this concept, where by the limited supply of the agricultural land can perfectly be substituted with the labor market in the industrial sector. However, the impact of the economic structural transformation at this time has got a balance on the wage dimension in the non-agricultural sector, particularly among the industrial workers, and the workers in the informal sector. This issue has the inevitable consequence of the exploitative tendency of the employers or entrepreneurs, and lack of support for the labor unions, which places them in a weak bargaining position in efforts to have their wages raised. Chris Manning in his paper shows the impact of the economic structural transformation on the production of workers, and their level from the agricultural sector (Srihardjo) to an industrial sector (Tangerang).

scholarly journals Factors affecting the development of the Bioeconomy in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aina Muska ◽  
◽  
Andra Zvirbule ◽  
Irina Pilvere ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Impact

In the European Union, including Latvia, the development of the bioeconomy by exploiting the potential of research, innovation and knowledge transfer is considered to be the basis for economic growth. The research aims to assess the drivers of and barriers to bioeconomic development in Latvia and define actions facilitating the development of the national bioeconomy. The present research employed mostly SWOT analysis in combination with expert judgement. The research concluded that the overall trend in the following strengths of the bioeconomy: Research infrastructure and modern technical equipment for the development of the bioeconomic knowledge base (3S) and Vast regional coverage of and cooperation among leading research institutions in the field of bioeconomics (1S) was negative, as the total impact of the threats exceeded the total impact of the opportunities. However, the overall trend in the strength Extensive initial activities and the knowledge base for bioeconomic research (2S) was positive, as the total impact of the opportunities exceeded the total impact of the threats. The total impact of exogenous factors on the weaknesses in the development of the bioeconomy was positive; therefore, the total impact of exogenous factors tended to weaken the weaknesses. Since the largest positive impacts on endogenous factors were made by the following opportunities: Effective support for independent innovation projects implemented by large companies (3O) and Stimulation of innovation in the small and medium enterprise sector in active synergy with national research priorities and available funding (2IO), it is necessary to increase government and private sector funding for R&D in order to contribute to the development of the bioeconomy in Latvia. The availability of funding should be balanced and predictable in the long term to reduce the impact of the threat Public policies and insufficient and unpredictable funding for research and development hinder the development of bioeconomy industries and steady growth opportunities (2T). To encourage the business sector to invest in R&D, including in the bioeconomy industries, public support and various incentives for entrepreneurs are needed.

scholarly journals Aging population and agricultural sustainability issues: case of turkey

New Medit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rural Exodus ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture is a sector that is widely known to be impacted not only by the natural conditions of a country but also by other economic and political sectors. Turkish agriculture, in a context marked in recent years by a rural exodus of young people, marks the vagueness of the current state of the agricultural sector and its future. It is with this in mind that this research was carried out, based on a questionnaire survey of 312 producers in 5 provinces of Turkey, to assess the impact of the ageing of the rural population on the agricultural sector. The results of this study show that with age, producers invest less in agricultural activity, altogether abandoning productions requiring more labour. The possibility of taking over the family farm by descendants plays an important role in the degree of involvement of producers. Through these findings, this study makes it possible to address targeted agricultural policies according to age stages.

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