scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of White Grape Varieties Autochthonous of a Warm Climate Region (Andalusia, Spain)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Sancho-Galán ◽  
Antonio Amores-Arrocha ◽  
Víctor Palacios ◽  
Ana Jiménez-Cantizano
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Grape Varieties

The high sensitivity of one of the most important crops in the world, such as vine (Vitis vinifera L.), to particular changes caused by the phenomena associated with global warming, is encouraging the wine industry to place value on grape varieties that are autochthonous to each production area. These are generally conserved in germplasm banks and may pose a useful tool to counteract the effects of climate change. In order to determine the actual resource that such varieties constitute, this research has carried out a genetic identification, a morphological characterization, and an analysis of the grape musts obtained from four autochthonous varieties (Cañocazo, Castellano, Mantúo de Pilas, and Palomino Fino). This genetic analysis has allowed the identification of autochthonous varieties with different genotypes. However, all of them had similar phenotypic characteristics in terms of high hair density in adult leaves. With respect to the physicochemical composition of the musts, significant differences have been observed between the autochthonous varieties, with respect to the control variety of Palomino Fino. Nevertheless, all of them have exhibited an adequate physicochemical composition to produce quality white wines. For all of the above reasons, these local varieties should be considered suitable for cultivation in areas with warmer and drier climates, such as Andalusia (Spain).

scholarly journals DNA authentication technologies for product quality monitoring in the wine industry

Food systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
E. G. Lazareva ◽  
Kh. Kh. Gilmanov ◽  
A. V. Bigaeva ◽  
I. Yu. Mikhailova ◽  
V. K. Semipyatny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cell Debris ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Product Authenticity ◽  
Grape Varieties

Identification of wine product authenticity is a topical question in theRussian Federation. A solution to this problem can be DNA authentication of wines, which is a technological process of product authenticity control using genetic identification of the main plant ingredient — wine grape varieties. This type of wine verification is carried out by analyzing residual amounts of Vitis vinifera L. nucleic acids extracted from cell debris of final products by molecular genetic methods. The aim of this work is the analysis of the existing methods for extraction of nucleic acids from grapes, wine raw materials and commercial wines, as well as description of the molecular genetic approaches to technical genetic identification of grape varieties and authentication of wines made from them. The obtained data suggest suitability of DNA authentication of wine products as a supplement to earlier approved analytical methods (documentary, visual, sensory, physico-chemical).

Ampelographic characterization of white grapevine cul-tivars (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Palestine

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rezq Basheer-Salimia
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Synonymies And Homonymies

Abstract: In Palestine, grape culture consists of ecotypes and cultivars (also called local varieties), for which a large number of homonymous and synonymous designations exist as well as misnaming of cultivars. The present study is the first report using detailed ampelographic characterizations (39 informative traits) to assess genetic diversity and detect similarities among sixteen accessions collected from putative diverse grape genotypes In general, 30 descriptors presented highly and satisfactory divergent genotypes, whereas the remaining traits showed no or very little ampelographic variation. Based on the similarity matrix and the resulting dendrogram of these ampelographic data, distinguishable genotypes as well as some cases of synonymies and homonymies clearly exist. A synonymy case seemed to be in four genotypes including Jandali-Mfarad, Jan-dali-Mrazraz, Jandali, and Hamadani-Mattar, which indeed showed genetic distances of less than 0.5, sug-gesting their relatedness, and the possibility that they are the same genotype, but with different names. In addition, homonym cases also occur in the following pairs of “Marawi’s, Hamadani’s, and Zaini’s genotypes, in which each pair seems to be two distinctive genotypes. Finally, among the 16 examined genotypes, the Zaini-Baladi genotype tended to show the highest genetic distance values from the others and thus could be potentially incorporated into any further local or regional breeding programs as well as germplasm conservation.

Ampelographic characterization of white grapevine cul-tivars (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Palestine

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rezq Basheer-Salimia
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Synonymies And Homonymies

Abstract: In Palestine, grape culture consists of ecotypes and cultivars (also called local varieties), for which a large number of homonymous and synonymous designations exist as well as misnaming of cultivars. The present study is the first report using detailed ampelographic characterizations (39 informative traits) to assess genetic diversity and detect similarities among sixteen accessions collected from putative diverse grape genotypes In general, 30 descriptors presented highly and satisfactory divergent genotypes, whereas the remaining traits showed no or very little ampelographic variation. Based on the similarity matrix and the resulting dendrogram of these ampelographic data, distinguishable genotypes as well as some cases of synonymies and homonymies clearly exist. A synonymy case seemed to be in four genotypes including Jandali-Mfarad, Jan-dali-Mrazraz, Jandali, and Hamadani-Mattar, which indeed showed genetic distances of less than 0.5, sug-gesting their relatedness, and the possibility that they are the same genotype, but with different names. In addition, homonym cases also occur in the following pairs of “Marawi’s, Hamadani’s, and Zaini’s genotypes, in which each pair seems to be two distinctive genotypes. Finally, among the 16 examined genotypes, the Zaini-Baladi genotype tended to show the highest genetic distance values from the others and thus could be potentially incorporated into any further local or regional breeding programs as well as germplasm conservation.

scholarly journals RAW MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION AND MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS AUTHENTICATION TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (444) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
R.R. Vafin ◽  
◽  
I.Y. Mikhailova ◽  
V.K. Semipyatny ◽  
Kh.Kh. Gilmanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Work Sample ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Grape Varieties

DNA technologies for the raw grapes identification and the authentication of wine products made from them are popular scientific and practical direction with the prospect of introducing developments into the quality management system. The molecular genetic approaches development to the technical grape varieties’ genetic identification and wines DNA authentication produced from them was the aim of this work. Sample preparation of experimental wines was carried out by exposure in a mixture with a precipitant and a co-precipitant, followed by wine debris precipitation. The nucleic acids extraction from wine debris was carried out with the same commercial kit as from the pulp of a mature grape fruit, but with an additional lysis solution modification. The obtained results indicated the selected conditions effectiveness for sample preparation, DNA isolation and PCR for amplification of the analyzed Vitis vinifera L. UFGT-gene loci. The described strategy for the raw materials geno-identification and the manufactured products authentication is based on the polymorphic positions of diagnostically significant UFGT-gene-associated groups analysis, interpreted by sequencing the corresponding PCR product.

scholarly journals Vine performance benchmarking of indigenous Cypriot grape varieties Xynisteri and Maratheftiko

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-954
Author(s):  
Alexander Willem Copper ◽  
Cassandra Collins ◽  
Susan Bastian ◽  
Trent Johnson ◽  
Stefanos Koundouras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Grape Varieties

Aim: The aims of this study were to (1) formulate a baseline understanding of the performance of the indigenous Cypriot white grape Xynisteri and the red grape Maratheftiko (Vitis vinifera L.), and (2) compare these varieties to Shiraz and Sauvignon blanc grown in a Cypriot vineyard.Materials and results: The investigation involved multiple dry grown vineyards from the Krasochoria region of Lemesos, Cyprus, during the 2017, 2018 and 2019 vintages. Vine performance measurements, including midday stem water potential, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, stomata density, vine phenology and vegetative and reproductive measurements, were taken at flowering, veraison and pre-harvest. Xynisteri had the greatest stomatal density, more shoots, more leaves, heavier bunches, greater yield, higher leaf water potential at harvest, and a stomatal conductance equal to Maratheftiko, but greater than that of both Shiraz and Sauvignon blanc. Maratheftiko had the longest shoots, largest shoot diameter and the greatest chlorophyll content out of all four varieties.Conclusions: This study identified the ability of the indigenous Cypriot grape varieties, Xynisteri and Maratheftiko, to better tolerate hot and dry conditions when compared to more commonly cultivated varieties grown in the same environmental conditions.Significance and impact of the study: The changing climate of wine growing regions worldwide is placing great pressure on the resources for sustainable viticulture. Many vineyards in hot climate zones base their businesses on European grape varieties traditionally grown in regions with abundant water resources. It is therefore necessary for the global wine industry to investigate grape varieties that are indigenous to hot climates. The eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus is one such place, with more than 10 indigenous grape varieties that grow well in a hot climate without irrigation. Consumer studies have demonstrated that wines made from these Cypriot varieties are equally, if not more, acceptable than wines made from more traditional European grapes; therefore, the potential for their use in other hot wine growing regions is promising.

scholarly journals Genetical, Morphological and Physicochemical Characterization of the Autochthonous Cultivar ‘Uva Rey’ (Vitis vinifera L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sancho-Galán ◽  
Amores-Arrocha ◽  
Palacios ◽  
Jiménez-Cantizano
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Grape Must ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Phenological Cycle

‘Uva Rey’ is considered an Andalusian (Spain) ancient autochthonous cultivar with hard white grapes used for the production of wine and raisins and also for raw consumption. Currently, this cultivar is not included in the official register of Spanish grapevine varieties and there is neither a description nor a characterization that could facilitate its insertion in this register. In order to study this genetic resource, a genetic and morphological characterization of ‘Uva Rey’ has been carried out in comparison with ‘Palomino Fino’, the main cultivar in Andalusia (Spain). Additionally, grape must physicochemical characterization and grape berry texture profile analyses were performed. Genetically, ‘Uva Rey’ was synonymous with the cultivar ‘De Rey’. ‘Uva Rey’ grape must physicochemical results showed a lower sugar concentration and a higher malic acid content compared to ‘Palomino Fino’ must, while the analysis of the grape berry texture profile proved to be more consistent and cohesive. These results can be attributed to the longer phenological cycle presented by ‘Uva Rey’. All these facts could lead to consideration of ‘Uva Rey’ as a cultivar for the production of white wines in warm climate regions.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

Ultrastructural identification of three types of sensory setae on copepod antennae

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 956-957
Author(s):  
T. M. Weatherby ◽  
P.H. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Dendritic Membrane ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization

Crustaceans, as well as other arthropods, are covered with sensory setae and hairs, including mechanoand chemosensory sensillae with a ciliary origin. Calanoid copepods are small planktonic crustaceans forming a major link in marine food webs. In conjunction with behavioral and physiological studies of the antennae of calanoids, we undertook the ultrastructural characterization of sensory setae on the antennae of Pleuromamma xiphias.Distal mechanoreceptive setae exhibit exceptional behavioral and physiological performance characteristics: high sensitivity (<10 nm displacements), fast reaction times (<1 msec latency) and phase locking to high frequencies (1-2 kHz). Unusual structural features of the mechanoreceptors are likely to be related to their physiological sensitivity. These features include a large number (up to 3000) of microtubules in each sensory cell dendrite, arising from or anchored to electron dense rods associated with the ciliary basal body microtubule doublets. The microtubules are arranged in a regular array, with bridges between and within rows. These bundles of microtubules extend far into each mechanoreceptive seta and terminate in a staggered fashion along the dendritic membrane, contacting a large membrane surface area and providing a large potential site of mechanotransduction.

Morphological Characterization of Rhinacanthus Species of Sri Lanka

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
APPR Amarasinghe ◽  
RP Karunagoda ◽  
DSA Wijesundara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Morphological Characterization

Interaction effect of rootstocks on gas exchange parameters, biochemical changes and nutrientstatus in Sauvignon Blanc winegrapes

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
R. G. Somkuwar ◽  
M. A. Bhange ◽  
A. K. Upadhyay ◽  
S. D. Ramteke
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Salt Creek ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

SauvignonBlanc wine grape was characterized for their various morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters grafted on different rootstocks. Significant differences were recorded for all the parameters studied. The studies on vegetative parameters revealed that the rootstock influences the vegetative growth thereby increasing the photosynthetic activities of a vine. The highest photosynthesis rate was recorded in 140-Ru grafted vine followed by Fercal whereas the lowest in Salt Creek rootstock grafted vines.The rootstock influenced the changes in biochemical constituents in the grafted vine thereby helping the plant to store enough food material. Significant differences were recorded for total carbohydrates, proteins, total phenols and reducing sugar. The vines grafted on1103-Pshowed highest carbohydrates and starch followed by 140-Ru,while the least amount of carbohydrates were recorded in 110-R and Salt Creek grafted vines respectively.Among the different rootstock graft combinations, Fercal showed highest amount of reducing sugar, proteins and phenols, followed by 1103-P and SO4, however, the lowest amount of reducing sugar, proteins and phenols were recorded with 110-R grafted vines.The vines grafted on different rootstocks showed changes in nutrient uptake. Considering this, the physico-biochemical characterization of grafted vine may help to identify particularrootstocks combination that could influence a desired trait in commercial wine grape varieties after grafting.

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