scholarly journals Vine performance benchmarking of indigenous Cypriot grape varieties Xynisteri and Maratheftiko

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-954
Author(s):  
Alexander Willem Copper ◽  
Cassandra Collins ◽  
Susan Bastian ◽  
Trent Johnson ◽  
Stefanos Koundouras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Grape Varieties

Aim: The aims of this study were to (1) formulate a baseline understanding of the performance of the indigenous Cypriot white grape Xynisteri and the red grape Maratheftiko (Vitis vinifera L.), and (2) compare these varieties to Shiraz and Sauvignon blanc grown in a Cypriot vineyard.Materials and results: The investigation involved multiple dry grown vineyards from the Krasochoria region of Lemesos, Cyprus, during the 2017, 2018 and 2019 vintages. Vine performance measurements, including midday stem water potential, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, stomata density, vine phenology and vegetative and reproductive measurements, were taken at flowering, veraison and pre-harvest. Xynisteri had the greatest stomatal density, more shoots, more leaves, heavier bunches, greater yield, higher leaf water potential at harvest, and a stomatal conductance equal to Maratheftiko, but greater than that of both Shiraz and Sauvignon blanc. Maratheftiko had the longest shoots, largest shoot diameter and the greatest chlorophyll content out of all four varieties.Conclusions: This study identified the ability of the indigenous Cypriot grape varieties, Xynisteri and Maratheftiko, to better tolerate hot and dry conditions when compared to more commonly cultivated varieties grown in the same environmental conditions.Significance and impact of the study: The changing climate of wine growing regions worldwide is placing great pressure on the resources for sustainable viticulture. Many vineyards in hot climate zones base their businesses on European grape varieties traditionally grown in regions with abundant water resources. It is therefore necessary for the global wine industry to investigate grape varieties that are indigenous to hot climates. The eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus is one such place, with more than 10 indigenous grape varieties that grow well in a hot climate without irrigation. Consumer studies have demonstrated that wines made from these Cypriot varieties are equally, if not more, acceptable than wines made from more traditional European grapes; therefore, the potential for their use in other hot wine growing regions is promising.

scholarly journals Assessing the growth response of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Xynisteri, Maratheftiko, Shiraz and Sauvignon Blanc to different irrigation regimes.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Willem Copper ◽  
Stefanos Koundouras ◽  
Susan E. P. Bastian ◽  
Trent Johnson ◽  
Cassandra Collins
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Stem Water

Abstract The world’s changing climate is placing great pressure on the resources for sustainable viticulture. With this, it has become necessary to investigate grape varieties that are well adapted to hot climates. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the response of Xynisteri to different irrigation regimes, and (2) compare the performance of Xynisteri, Maratheftiko, Shiraz and Sauvignon Blanc grown in pots with different irrigation regimes. Trial one was established in a commercial Xynisteri vineyard in Cyprus under three different irrigation regimes - full, 50% and no irrigation in 2019. Trial two compared three irrigation regimes - full, 50% and 25% in a potted trial of Xynisteri and Sauvignon Blanc conducted in Cyprus in 2019. Trial three was a potted trial of Xynisteri, Sauvignon Blanc, Maratheftiko and Shiraz with the same three irrigation regimes conducted in Australia in 2020/21. Vine performance and physiology measurements were taken in both trials. Fruit composition analysis, yield (field trial only), shoot, trunk and root mass measurements were performed at the end of the season. Few differences between measures were found between irrigation regimes in the field trial. Fruit composition analysis revealed fructose to be lowest in the full irrigation group compared to deficit and no irrigation treatments. The potted trial in 2019 demonstrated that for all three irrigation regimes, Xynisteri had higher stem water potential, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content than Sauvignon Blanc. Xynisteri produced greater end of season root, shoot and leaf mass than Sauvignon Blanc under all irrigation regimes. In 2020/21, Xynisteri had greater end of season root, shoot and leaf mass than Maratheftiko and Sauvignon Blanc with Shiraz the lowest. Few significant differences in stem water potential were observed in the early stages of the trial. However, toward the end of the trial and with reduced irrigation, Xynisteri and Maratheftiko had higher stem water potential than Shiraz and Sauvignon Blanc. Xynisteri had higher stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content than Maratheftiko and both were higher than Sauvignon Blanc and Shiraz. These results indicate that Xynisteri in particular may possess better cultivar specific growth traits than Shiraz and Sauvignon Blanc when grown under the same environmental conditions and in turn may be a more appropriate choice in areas where water is limited.

scholarly journals Stem Water Potential and Apple Size

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Naor ◽  
Isaac Klein ◽  
Israel Doron
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Plant Water Stress ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Highly Correlated

The sensitivity of leaf (ψleaf) and stem (ψstem) water potential and stomatal conductance (gs) to soil moisture availability in apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees and their correlation with yield components were studied in a field experiment. Two drip irrigation treatments, 440 mm (H) and 210 mm (L), were applied to a `Golden Delicious' apple orchard during cell enlargement stage (55-173 days after full bloom). Data collected included ψstem, y leaf, gs, and soil water potential at 25 (ψsoil-25) and 50 cm (ψsoil-50). No differences in midday ψleaf's were found between irrigation treatments. Stem water potential was higher in the H treatment than in the L treatment in diurnal measurements, and at midday throughout the season. Stomatal conductance of the H treatment was higher than the L treatment throughout the day. Stomatal conductance between 0930 and 1530 hr were highly correlated with ψstem. The H treatment increased the percentage of fruit >65 mm, and increased the proportion of earlier harvested fruit reaching marketable size compared to the L treatment. Fruit size in the first harvest and the total yield were highly correlated with ψstem. The degree of correlation between plant water stress indicators and yield component decreased in the following order: ψstem>ψsoil-25,>ψsoil-50>ψleaf. The data suggest that midday ψstem may serve as a preferable plant water stress indicator with respect to fruit size.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation as a Climate Adaptation Strategy for Establishment of Swietenia macrophylla King. Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Lakshmy J. Rajan ◽  
Santhoshkumar A. V. ◽  
Surendra Gopal K. ◽  
Kunhamu T. K.
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

Research Highlights: Drought stress significantly decreased the performance of seedlings in the nursery. Seedlings inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum is recommended to produce superior planting stock of mahogany seedlings with better drought resistance in the nursery. Background and Objectives: With numerous intense droughts across tropical regions due to climate change, it is crucial to understand effects of drought stress on tree seedlings to improve crop management practices and avoid failures on large scale planting. Swietenia macrophylla, a commercial timber species in India, is poorly studied in relation to its management including physiological responses to various environmental stresses. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is known to improve performance of tree seedlings under drought conditions and produce quality planting stock in nursery. This study aims to understand the responses of mahogany seedlings under different levels of drought stress when inoculated with three types of AMF, namely Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Rhizophagus intraradices. Materials and Methods: The experiment is conducted in pot culture using a factorial completely randomized design. Different irrigation regimes were applied at 100, 80, 60, and 40 percentage of weekly cumulative evapotranspiration. The seedlings were tested for biometric, physiological, and mycorrhizal parameters periodically. Results: Physiological attributes such as rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and water potential were found to be higher in the daily irrigated (control) seedlings. Performance of the seedlings were poorest in the least irrigated treatment. It was apparent that inoculated seedlings performed better than the non-inoculated ones. Conclusions: Among the three different AMF species used, C. etunicatum was found to be the most beneficial and suitable for the young mahogany seedlings. These seedlings also recorded higher root colonization percentage and total spore count in the rhizosphere soils. Seedlings inoculated with C. etunicatum showed positive influence on rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, relative growth rate (RGR) and water potential of seedlings.

scholarly journals Sustainable Viticulture: Effects of Soil Management in Vitis vinifera

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Paolo Storchi ◽  
Giovan Battista Mattii
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Stem Water Potential

Soil management in vineyards is of fundamental importance not only for the productivity and quality of grapes, both in biological and conventional management, but also for greater sustainability of the production. Conservative soil management techniques play an important role, compared to conventional tillage, in order to preserve biodiversity, to save soil fertility, and to keep vegetative-productive balance. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate long-term adaptation strategies to create a balance between the vine and the surrounding environment. This work sought to assess the effects of following different management practices on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon during 2017 and 2018 seasons: soil tillage (T), temporary cover cropping over all inter-rows (C), and mulching with plant residues every other row (M). The main physiological parameters of vines (leaf gas exchange, stem water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, and indirect chlorophyll content) as well as qualitative and quantitative grape parameters (technological and phenolic analyses) were measured. Significant differences in gas exchanges related to the different season and inter-row management were observed. C showed more negative values of water potential, due to the grass–vine competition, especially when water availability was lower. The competition exerted by C led to differences in fruit setting with impact on yield; therefrom, significant differences also in sugar and anthocyanic content were observed.

scholarly journals Influence of water stress on grape quality and aroma precursors in Sauvignon Blanc grown in Bolgheri area (Tuscany)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Francesca Paoli ◽  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Giovan Battista Mattii
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Aroma Precursors

Climate change has a direct impact on the phenological stages of the grapevine, with consequences on the anticipation of aging and on the qualitative characteristics of the grapes. In fact, there is a decrease in the skin/pulp ratio, with possible reduction of the aromatic potential. This work was aimed at assessing the effects of water stress on technological maturity and thiol precursors of Sauvignon Blanc grapes in two vineyards of Bolgheri. To this purpose, 3 theses have been established: WW, well watered; WS, moderate stress; CTRL, control. During the season, measurements of single leaf gas exchange, stem water potential were made; moreover parameters of technological maturity (° Brix, acidity, pH and berry weight) and thiol precursors were analyzed. As expected, the water potential was less negative in the irrigated thesis due to the greater availability of water, as well as the highest rates of photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance. Technological analyses showed no significant differences among the treatments. The analysis of the 3MH/3-mercaptoesan-1-ol precursors showed that the WW had a greater accumulation than the other theses. These results suggest that lower water stress favors a better aromatic content.

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