scholarly journals Changes and Interactions between Grassland Ecosystem Soil and Plant Properties under Long-Term Mineral Fertilization

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Vladimíra Vargová ◽  
Radoslava Kanianska ◽  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Bernard Šiška ◽  
Zuzana Kováčiková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Group Development ◽  
Available P ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Plant Available P

Grasslands intensification by use of mineral fertilization has contributed substantially to the increase in forage production. Intensification, however, can degrade the other beneficial functions or soil properties. The effects of mineral fertilization on soil and plant chemical qualities of a permanent wet grassland (Festucetum pratense association) were investigated in Slovakia. The grassland was treated using 3 different N, P, and K rates of mineral fertilizers in kg. ha−1. yr−1 plus the Control (0NPK) almost over 60-year period (1961–2017). The N, P, and K rates in low NPK treatment (LNPK) were N50, P15.4, and K 41.5, in the medium NPK treatment (MNPK) were N100, P30.8, and K83, and in the high NPK treatment (HNPK) were N200, P 61.6, and K 166, respectively. Overall, soil variables (pH, soil organic carbon, plant-available K) showed the most significant changes. A more balanced development was observed in case of soil total nitrogen, C:N ratio, and plant-available P. ANOVA revealed a significant effect between treatments only on plant-available P. In the case of plant functional group development, long-term mineral addition significantly disfavors legumes and forbs. However, analyses of the botanical composition over the last 5 years showed that legume cover significantly differs only in the HNPK treatment. Plant C:P, N:P, and N:K ratios were significantly reduced when fertilizers were added. In terms of grasslands yields, the highest biomass and content of macronutrients were obtained under the HNPK rates. However, with regard to the quality and quantity of the soil organic matter, the most appropriate treatment has been with the MNPK rates. Our findings demonstrate that medium fertilization seems to be an acceptable compromise to meet both productivity and environmental aspects and to connect ecological benefits with social benefits in the long term.

scholarly journals Mineral Fertilization with UAN on Natural Grassland Festuca rubra L. with Agrostis capillaries L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Ioan Rotar ◽  
Mirela Cirebea ◽  
Roxana Vidican ◽  
Florin Păcurar ◽  
Anamaria Mălinaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Grassland Type ◽  
Natural Grassland

An important part of efficient livestock production is ensuring the sufficient grass for hay and pasture. However, low soil nutrient levels often limit forage production. With good fertilizer management and soil fertility, the productivity of many hay and pasture fields can be greatly improved. Through good fertilizer management, the productivity of many hay and pasture fields can be significantly improved by Ross H. McKenzie (2005). The aim of this paper was the effect of fertilization with liquid fertilizer (UAN) the harvest of dry and floristic composition changing on natural grassland. The experiment whose results we present was placed in 2014 in the place in Baisoara Mountain village, Cluj County. Experience has been placed on the Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaries - of grassland type. The natural grassland of Festuca rubra with Agrostis capillaries responded very well to mineral fertilizers with liquid fertilizer UAN. The floristic composition of natural grassland fertilized with liquid fertilizers based on nitrogen, it can be seen an increase the Gramineae families and an evidence downward trend from Fabaceae families.

Depletion, accumulation and availability of soil phosphorus in the Askov long-term field experiment

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musibau O. Azeez ◽  
Gitte Holton Rubæk ◽  
Ingeborg Frøsig Pedersen ◽  
Bent T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Application ◽  
Plant Available P ◽  
Water Extractable

Soil phosphorus (P) reserves, built up over decades of intensive agriculture, may account for most of the crop P uptake, provided adequate supply of other plant nutrients. Whether crops grown on soils with reduced supply of other nutrients obtain similar use-efficiency of soil P reserves remains unclear. In treatments of the Askov Long-Term Experiment (initiated in 1894 on light sandy loam), we quantified changes in soil total P and in plant-available P (Olsen P, water extractable P and P offtake in wheat grains) when P-depleted soil started receiving P in rock phosphate and when P application to soil with moderate P levels ceased during 1997–2017. Additionally we studied treatments with soil kept unfertilised for >100 years and with soil first being P depleted and then exposed to surplus dressings of P, nitrogen (N) and potassium in cattle manure. For soil kept unfertilised for >100 years, average grain P offtake was 6 kg ha–1 and Olsen P averaged 4.6 mg kg–1, representing the lower asymptotic level of plant-available P. Adding igneous rock phosphate to severely P-depleted soil with no N fertilisation had little effect on Olsen P, water extractable P (Pw), grain yields and P offtake. For soils with moderate levels of available P, withholding P application for 20 years reduced contents of Olsen P by 56% (from 16 to 7 mg P kg–1) and of Pw by 63% (from 4.5 to 1.7 mg P kg–1). However, the level of plant-available P was still above that of unfertilised soil. Application of animal manure to P-depleted soil gradually raised soil P availability, grain yield and P offtake, but it took 20 years to restore levels of plant-available P. Our study suggests symmetry between rates of depletion and accumulation of plant-available P in soil.

Effects of Mineral Fertilizers and Organic Manure Long-Term Application on Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Black Soils in Harbin, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2925-2929
Author(s):  
Lian Feng Wang ◽  
Yan Jiao Qiao ◽  
Xi Linx Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Single Fertilization ◽  
Water Holding

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important greenhouse gas. CO2emission from different long-term fertilized black soils was investigated by incubation experiment at soil water content of 70% water holding capacity. Maximal CO2flux was observed at the beginning of 24-h and 48-h incubation after the rewetting of dry soil. Combined fertilizer nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) with manure (M) emitted the highest CO2-C, was up to 175 mg kg-1. Compared to zero fertilization (CK), fertilizers application increased CO2emission (P<0.05). Single fertilization N, P and potassium (K) increased CO2emission 19%, 43% and 22%, respectively. Combined two-way or three-way fertilizer N, P and K also increased CO2emission. Based on mineral fertilization, additional organic manure application furthered CO2emission. Two-way fertilizers (NP, NK and PK) application with organic manure increased CO2emission at the percentage of 398, 13.8 and 29.1, respectively (P<0.05). Although organic manure application ameliorated soil chemical, physical and biological conditions, organic manure fertilization increasing CO2emission should be considered in agricultural practice.

Economic benefit from irrigation of cotton and corn with treated wastewater

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Tsadilas ◽  
P.S. Vakalis
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
The City ◽  
Wastewater Use

The effect of irrigation with treated municipal wastewater on the agricultural income from cotton and corn crops was studied by a three-year field experiment (1995-1997), carried out within the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the city of Larissa, central Greece. The experimental design for both crops was randomised complete blocks with five treatments (M- control-irrigation with fresh water, W-irrigation with wastewater and no mineral fertilization, MF- irrigation with fresh water and complete mineral fertilization, WSF- irrigation with wastewater and reduced mineral fertilization, WTF- irrigation with wastewater and complete mineral fertilization). Each treatment was replicated four times. The agricultural income was assessed using the yield of the crops and the economic data of the area. The results showed that in the case of corn, the treatment WTF gave the highest agricultural income. The treatments W and WSF gave higher agricultural income compared to the control but was not significantly different compared to the treatment MF. In the case of cotton, all the treatments included wastewater use, increased significantly the agricultural income in comparison to the control, but at similar level as the treatment MF did. From the data of this study, it is concluded that treated wastewater can be used for irrigation of corn and cotton, saving fresh water and mineral fertilizers and obtaining the same or better economic results.

scholarly journals Modeling of phosphorus dynamics in contrasting agroecosystems using long-term field experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Morel ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Aimé Messiga ◽  
Gilles Bélanger ◽  
Pascal Denoroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Available P ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Phosphorus Dynamics ◽  
P Budget ◽  
Plant Available P ◽  
Term Field

Morel, C., Ziadi, N., Messiga, A., Bélanger, G., Denoroy, P., Jeangros, B., Jouany, C., Fardeau, J. C., Mollier, A., Parent, L. E., Proix, N., Rabeharisoa, L. and Sinaj, S. 2014. Modeling of phosphorus dynamics in contrasting agroecosystems using long-term field experiments. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 377–387. Long-term field experiments on phosphorus (P) fertilization were originally designed to study crop needs in different soil types by analyzing the effects of several rates of P fertilization on yields, their P concentrations and dynamics of plant-available soil P. The objective of this study was to test a computer-based model to simulate the P dynamics at the field scale using plant database and analyzing for plant-available P by a hierarchical process-based approach. It predicts both the concentration (CP) of phosphate ions (Pi) in soil solution and the associated Pi amounts that in time equilibrate with Pi in solution. Five experiments, representative of contrasting soil types, land-use, and climates were selected. Our model equilibrates the change in plant-available P in the upper soil layer to the P budget between annual P inputs and outputs. Rates of P fertilization affected simulations following the same expected pattern across sites. Field-observed and simulated values are in good agreements in all sites. The field-observed variations of CP per unit of P budget ranged from 0.007 to 2.49 (µg P L−1) (kg P ha−1)−1. The predictions are of the same order of magnitude. Predictions were compared with empirical long-term data and mismatches were discussed. This investigation highlights the scientific interest of long-term field P experiments to test and validate models describing P dynamics at the scale of the agricultural fields under different agricultural management practices.

scholarly journals Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) as an Aqueous Plant-Based Extract Fertilizer in Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4042
Author(s):  
Branka Maričić ◽  
Sanja Radman ◽  
Marija Romić ◽  
Josipa Perković ◽  
Nikola Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Production ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Stinging Nettle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

Plant-based fertilizers, such as liquid plant extracts, contribute to the cultivation of vegetables, particularly in organic production. The objective of this study was to determine if aqueous nettle extract could be successfully used as a fertilizer, applied on the soil and foliarly, in green bean production under field conditions. The hypothesis was that it could successfully replace mineral fertilizers and be integrated into sustainable and organic agriculture. The experiment was conducted at two climatically and pedologically different locations (Zadar and Poreč) throughout two growing seasons (spring and autumn). Two types of aqueous nettle extracts were used: a short-term extract (SE) was prepared by the extraction of wild stinging nettle (183 g 10 L−1 of water) in water for 24 h, while a long-term extract (LE) was prepared at the same ratio with water extraction for 14 days. Both extracts were diluted with water at a ratio of 1:3 (extract:water) before use. The SE was applied foliarly, and LE, by pouring it onto the soil. The abovementioned treatments were compared with mineral fertilization with urea (U) and control (no fertilization (C)). Foliar fertilization with SE proved to be almost as efficient as fertilization with LE, poured onto soil, showing a positive effect on green bean vegetative parameters. Furthermore, aqueous nettle extracts showed a positive effect on the iron accumulation in the leaves.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Fertilizer and Crop Residue on Soil Fertility in the Moldavian Plateau

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ailincăi ◽  
G. Jităreanu ◽  
D. Bucur ◽  
Despina Ailincăi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Long Term Effect

Long-Term Effect of Fertilizer and Crop Residue on Soil Fertility in the Moldavian Plateau Since 1965, at the Agricultural Research Station of Podu-Iloaiei, Iaşi County, Romania (47°12' N latitude, 27°16' E longitude), investigations were conducted on the influence of different fertilizer systems on production and soil fertility. For wheat and maize crops, placed in a three-year rotation (pea - wheat - maize), three fertilization systems were experienced: (1) mineral fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus rates until N140P100; (2) manure fertilization (20, 40, and 60 t/ha), with and without mineral fertilization and (3) mineral fertilizers + hashed residue applied in autumn under the base ploughing. The paper presented the results of investigations concerning the influence of long-term fertilization (46 years) on some chemical characteristics of Cambic Chernozem from the Moldavian Plateau. The climatic conditions in the Moldavian Plain were characterized by annual mean temperature of 9.6°C and a mean rainfall amount, on 50 years, of 553.5 mm, of which 141.5 mm during September-December and 412.0 mm during January-August. After 46 years of experiences, in pea-wheat-maize crop rotation, the content of organic carbon from soil has decreased by 22.3% (4.2 g/kg soil) at the unfertilized control and by 14.4% (2.7 g/kg soil) at the rate of N120P80. In wheat and maize, nitrogen uptake by weeds was between 7 and 9.5 kg/ha from all the plots. Applying moderate rates of mineral fertilizers (N80P60), together with 6 t/ha wheat straw or 40 t/ha manure, has determined the increase in organic carbon content from soil by 0.5 and, respectively, 2.8 g/kg.

scholarly journals The influence of fertilization and crop rotation on the winter wheat production

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Babulicová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Term Field

In a long-term field experiment winter wheat was grown in crop rotations with 40, 60 and 80% proportion of cereals. Two levels of fertilization were used: H<sub>1</sub> &ndash; mineral fertilization N, P, K + organic fertilization Veget&reg;; H<sub>2</sub> &ndash; only mineral fertilization N, P, K. Winter what was grown after two preceding crops: pea and winter barley. In&nbsp;2010&ndash;2012 the grain yield of winter wheat after pea was statistically higher at fertilization with mineral fertilizers N, P, K and organic manure Veget&reg; (7.15 t/ha) in comparison with mineral fertilizers only (6.65 t/ha). In crop rotation with 80% of cereals the grain yield of winter wheat after pea as a preceding crop was statistically higher&nbsp;(6.81 t/ha) than after winter barley (5.59 t/ha). The rising of grain yield at 1.9 t/ha was achieved by suitable preceding crop (pea) and by combined fertilization (mineral fertilizers N, P, K + organic manure Veget&reg;). The grain yield of winter wheat 5.24 t was obtained by mineral fertilization N, P, K only and after winter barley. By mineral fertilization N, P, K + organic manure Veget&reg;) and after pea as a preceding crop the grain yield of winter wheat 7.14 t/ha was reached.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AGROTECHNICAL MEASURES ON THE NUMBER AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS IN GRAY FOREST SOIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
I. M. Malynovska
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
General Level ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
By Products

The influence of agrotechnical measures: mineral fertilization, liming, dipping of biomass ofgreen manure culture and by-products of the precursor in crop rotation on the number andphysiological-biochemical activity of microorganisms of the root zone of spring wheat was studied.It has been established that the introduction of mineral fertilizers and liming increases the numberof microorganisms of the main ecological and trophic, functional and systematic groups andimproves physiological-biochemical activity of representatives of certain groups ofmicroorganisms. The introduction of exogenous organic matter (green manure + by-products of theprecursor) allows to reduce the number of melanin-synthesizing micromycetes in gray forest soil by7.65 %, their specific content in the total number of micromycetes by 47.4 %, reduce the level ofphytotoxicity of the soil by 43.4 %. Taking into account long-term data on increasing the numberand specific content of melanin-synthesizing micromycetes in soils of contaminated ecotops, thisgroup of microorganisms can be considered as diagnostic in assessing the general level ofanthropogenic pollution of agrophytocenoses.

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