scholarly journals Nitrogen Rate Increase Not Required for No-Till Wheat in Cool and Humid Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Herrera ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Peter Stamp ◽  
Lilia Levy-Häner ◽  
Didier Pellet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Tillage System

An increased nitrogen (N) supply was proposed to avoid grain yield (GY) reductions and successfully implement conservation agriculture (CA). We investigated interactions effects of tillage system and N supply on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at two sites in the Swiss midlands with no (0 kg N ha−1) and high (150–160 kg N ha−1) N supply using 15N-labelled ammonium nitrate in selected treatments. Wheat’s GY, yield components, N related traits and soil mineral N content (Nmin) under conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT) were studied following two preceding crops: oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Wheat after oilseed rape had significantly higher GY and biomass than after maize while a yield decrease under NT compared with CT and MT was observed regardless of N supply level. Differences in soil Nmin among tillage systems were seldom found and were inconsistent. No differences in 15N fertilizer recovery were found between NT and CT while residual Nmin after harvest was lower under NT than CT or MT. In conclusion, we did not found consistent reductions in soil N availability and N uptake under NT that would justify an increased N supply for wheat under CA.

scholarly journals Grain Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Depending on Previous Crop and Tillage System

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Małgorzata Haliniarz
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Gluten Index

The effects of previous crops (soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera Metzg)), as well as of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), on yield and some quality parameters of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain were evaluated based on a four-year field experiment. Wheat was grown in a four-field crop rotation: Soybean—winter wheat—winter oilseed rape—winter wheat. The study revealed that growing winter wheat after soybean, compared to its cultivation in the field after winter oilseed rape, significantly increased grain and straw yield, as well as all yield and crop components evaluated. After the previous soybean crop, higher grain protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, and grain uniformity were also found. After winter oilseed rape, only a greater value of the gluten index was obtained. Statistical analysis did not show the tillage system (TS) to influence the grain yield of winter wheat. Under the CT system, relative to NT, straw yield, number of ears per 1 m2, and plant height of winter wheat were found to be significantly higher. The NT system, on the other hand, beneficially affected the thousand grain weight. Wheat grain harvested under the CT system was characterized by a higher grain test weight, better grain uniformity, and lower gluten index than under NT.

scholarly journals Biosolids Benefit Yield and Nitrogen Uptake in Winter Cereals without Excess Risk of N Leaching

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Silvia Pampana ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Iduna Arduini
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Winter Cereals

Winter cereals are excellent candidates for biosolid application because their nitrogen (N) requirement is high, they are broadly cultivated, and their deep root system efficiently takes up mineral N. However, potential N leaching from BS application can occur in Mediterranean soils. A two-year study was conducted to determine how biosolids affect biomass and grain yield as well as N uptake and N leaching in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and oat (Avena byzantina C. Koch). Cereals were fertilized at rates of 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1 dry weight (called B5, B10, and B15, respectively) of biosolids (BS). Mineral-fertilized (MF) and unfertilized (C) controls were included. Overall, results highlight that BS are valuable fertilizers for winter cereals as these showed higher yields with BS as compared to control. Nevertheless, whether 5 Mg ha−1 of biosolids could replace mineral fertilization still depended on the particular cereal due to the different yield physiology of the crops. Moreover, nitrate leaching from B5 was comparable to MF, and B15 increased the risk by less than 30 N-NO3 kg ha−1. We therefore concluded that with specific rate settings, biosolid application can sustain yields of winter cereals without significant additional N leaching as compared to MF.

scholarly journals Effect of Site Specific Nitrogen Management on Seed Nitrogen—A Driving Factor of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Łukowiak ◽  
Witold Grzebisz
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Site Diversity ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
N Pool

It has been assumed that the management of both soil and fertilizer N in winter oilseed rape (WOSR) is crucial for N accumulation in seeds (Nse) and yield. This hypothesis was evaluated based on field experiments conducted in 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/11 seasons, each year at two sites, differing in soil fertility, including indigenous N (Ni) supply. The experimental factors consisted of two N fertilizers: N and NS, and four Nf rates: 0, 80, 120, 160 kg ha−1. Yield, as governed by site × Nf rate interaction, responded linearly to Nse at harvest. The maximum Nse (Nsemax), as evaluated by N input (Nin = Ni + Nf) to WOSR at spring regrowth, varied from 95 to 153 kg ha−1, and determined 80% of yield variability. The basic reason of site diversity in Nsemax was Ni efficiency, ranging from 46% to 70%, respectively. The second cause of Nse variability was a shortage of N supply from + 9.5 soil to −8.8 kg ha−1 to the growing seeds during the seed filling period (SFP). This N pool supports the N concentration in seeds, resulting in both seed density and a seed weight increase, finally leading to a yield increase.

YIELD AND NITROGEN RECOVERY OF RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) IN RESPONSE TO APPLICATION OF LEGUMINOUS LEAF LITTER AND SUPPLEMENTAL INORGANIC NITROGEN

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
FIONA MUCHECHETI ◽  
IGNACIO C. MADAKADZE
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Mineral N

SUMMARYThe short term nutrient supply of Leucaena leucocephala, Calliandra calothyrsus, Acacia angustissima and Acacia karoo prunings with or without supplemental inorganic nitrogen were tested using rape (Brassica napus L.) in a field trial. Prunings were applied at a rate of 5 t ha−1 to soil, alone or with supplemental N at 37.5 kg N ha−1 (¼ of recommended N). The respective decomposition and N release constants of the prunings were 9.15 and 9.70% for L. leucocephala; 6.15 and 6.40 for A. angustissima; 4.50 and 4.90 for C. calothyrsus; and 2.20 and 2.10 for A. karoo. These constants were best described by the (lignin+polyphenol)-to-nitrogen ratio of the prunings. Total biomass over the two seasons ranged from 1.40 to 17.28 t DM ha−1 and total growth rates ranged from 2.34–26.70 g plant−1 week−1. The cumulative N recovery at week 9 ranged from 21.1–66.1 %. Legume tree leaves can be used as a source of N for vegetable production. Farmers who use high tannin leaf litter are recommended to supplement with mineral N in order to assure adequate N availability during plant growth.

Organic amendment effects on tuber yield, plant N uptake and soil mineral N under organic potato production

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek H. Lynch ◽  
Zhiming Zheng ◽  
Bernie J. Zebarth ◽  
Ralph C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Organic Potato ◽  
Certified Organic

AbstractThe market for certified organic potatoes in Canada is growing rapidly, but the productivity and dynamics of soil N under commercial organic potato systems remain largely unknown. This study examined, at two sites in Atlantic Canada (Winslow, PEI, and Brookside, NS), the impacts of organic amendments on Shepody potato yield, quality and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics under organic management. Treatments included a commercial hog manure–sawdust compost (CP) and pelletized poultry manure (NW) applied at 300 and 600 kg total N ha−1, plus an un-amended control (CT). Wireworm damage reduced plant stands at Brookside in 2003 and those results are not presented. Relatively high tuber yields (~30 Mg ha−1) and crop N uptake (112 kg N ha−1) were achieved for un-amended soil in those site-years (Winslow 2003 and 2004) when soil moisture was non-limiting. Compost resulted in higher total yields than CT in one of three site-years. Apparent recovery of N from CP was negligible; therefore CP yield benefits were attributed to factors other than N availability. At Winslow, NW300, but not NW600, significantly increased total and marketable yields by an average of 5.8 and 7.0 Mg ha−1. Plant available N averaged 39 and 33% for NW300 and NW600, respectively. Soil (0–30 cm) NO3−-N at harvest was low (<25 kg N ha−1) for CT and CP, but increased substantially both in season and at harvest (61–141 kg N ha−1) when NW was applied. Most leaching losses of NO3−-N occur between seasons and excessive levels of residual soil NO3-N at harvest, as obtained for NW600, must be avoided. Given current premiums for certified organic potatoes, improving yields through application of amendments supplying moderate rates of N or organic matter appears warranted.

The Influence of Nitrogen on the Elevated CO2 Response in Field-Grown Rice

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
LH Ziska ◽  
W Weerakoon ◽  
OS Namuco ◽  
R Pamplona
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Root Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
N Supply

Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR72) was grown in the tropics at ambient (345 μL L-1) or twice ambient (elevated, 700 μL L-1) CO2, concentration at three levels of supplemental nitrogen (N) (no additional N (N0), 90 kg ha-1 (N1) and 200 kg ha-1 (N2)) in open-top chambers under irrigated field conditions from seeding until flowering. The primary objective of the study was to determine if N supply alters the sensitivity of growth and photosynthesis of field-grown rice to enriched CO2. A second objective was to determine the influence of elevated CO2 on N uptake and tissue concentrations. Although photosynthesis was initially stimulated at the leaf and canopy level with elevated CO2 regardless of supplemental N supply, with time the photosynthetic response became highly dependent on the level of supplemental N, increasing proportionally as N availability increased. Similarly, a synergistic effect was noted between CO2 and N with respect to above-ground biomass with no effect of elevated CO2 observed for the No treatment. Most of the increase in above-ground biomass with increasing CO2 and N was associated with increased tiller and, to a lesser extent, root production. The concentration of above-ground N decreased at elevated CO2 regardless of N treatment; however, total above-ground N did not change for the N1 and N2 treatments because of the greater amount of biomass associated with elevated CO2. For rice, the photosynthetic and growth response to elevated CO2 may be highly dependent on the supply of N. If additional CO2 is given and N is not available, lack of sinks for excess carbon (e.g. tillers) may limit the photosynthetic and growth response.

The effect of soil tillage system on the nitrogen uptake, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring barley in a cool Atlantic climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BRENNAN ◽  
P. D. FORRISTAL ◽  
T. McCABE ◽  
R. HACKETT
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Ct System

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted between 2009 and 2011 in Ireland to compare the effects of soil tillage systems on the grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen (N) uptake patterns of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in a cool Atlantic climate. The four tillage treatments comprised conventional tillage in spring (CT), reduced tillage in autumn (RT A), reduced tillage in spring (RT S) and reduced tillage in autumn and spring (RT A+S). Each tillage system was evaluated with five levels of fertilizer N (0, 75, 105, 135 and 165 kg N/ha). Grain yield varied between years but CT had a significantly higher mean yield over the three years than the RT systems. There was no significant difference between the three RT systems. Tillage system had no significant effect on the grain yield response to fertilizer N. As a result of the higher yields achieved, the CT system had a higher NUE than the RT systems at all N rates. There was no significant difference in NUE between the three RT systems. Conventional tillage had significantly higher nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) than RT A and a significantly higher nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) than all three RT systems. Crop N uptake followed a similar pattern each year. Large amounts of N were accumulated during the vegetative growth stages while N was lost after anthesis. Increased N rates had a positive effect on N uptake in the early growth stages but tended to promote N loss later in the season. The CT system had the highest N uptake in the initial growth stages but its rate of uptake diminished at a faster rate than the RT systems as the season progressed. Tillage system had an inconsistent effect on crop N content during the later growth stages. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the use of non-inversion tillage systems for spring barley establishment in a cool oceanic climate remains challenging and in certain conditions may result in a reduction in NUE and lower and more variable grain yields than conventional plough-based systems.

scholarly journals Frequency Versus Quantity: Phenotypic Response of Two Wheat Varieties to Water and Nitrogen Variability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia H. Cousins ◽  
Trevor P. Garnett ◽  
Amanda Rasmussen ◽  
Sacha J. Mooney ◽  
Ronald J. Smernik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDue to climate change, water availability will become increasingly variable, affecting nitrogen (N) availability. Therefore, we hypothesised watering frequency would have a greater impact on plant growth than quantity, affecting N availability, uptake and carbon allocation. We used a gravimetric platform, which measures the unit of volume per unit of time, to control soil moisture and precisely compare the impact of quantity and frequency of water under variable N levels. Two wheat genotypes (Kukri and Gladius) were used in a factorial glasshouse pot experiment, each with three N application rates (25, 75 and 150 mg N kg−1 soil) and five soil moisture regimes (changing water frequency or quantity). Previously documented drought tolerance, but high N use efficiency, of Gladius as compared to Kukri provides for potentially different responses to N and soil moisture content. Water use, biomass and soil N were measured. Both cultivars showed potential to adapt to variable watering, producing higher specific root lengths under low N coupled with reduced water and reduced watering frequency (48 h watering intervals), or wet/dry cycling. This affected mineral N uptake, with less soil N remaining under constant watering × high moisture, or 48 h watering intervals × high moisture. Soil N availability affected carbon allocation, demonstrated by both cultivars producing longer, deeper roots under low N. Reduced watering frequency decreased biomass more than reduced quantity for both cultivars. Less frequent watering had a more negative effect on plant growth compared to decreasing the quantity of water. Water variability resulted in differences in C allocation, with changes to root thickness even when root biomass remained the same across N treatments. The preferences identified in wheat for water consistency highlights an undeveloped opportunity for identifying root and shoot traits that may improve plant adaptability to moderate to extreme resource limitation, whilst potentially encouraging less water and nitrogen use.

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