scholarly journals Combining Green Manuring and Fertigation Maximizes Tomato Crop Yield and Minimizes Nitrogen Losses

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Michela Farneselli ◽  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Giacomo Tosti ◽  
Marcello Guiducci ◽  
Francesco Tei
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Environmentally Sound

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of fertilizing processing tomato by coupling the green manuring of fall-winter cover crops with fertigation in spring-summer. In a two-year experiment, seven fertilization treatments were compared: green manuring of pure barley (B100) and pure vetch (V100) sown at 100% of their ordinary seeding rates, green manuring of a barley-vetch mixture at a ratio of 75:25 of their own seed rates (B75V25), fertigation with drip irrigation at a rate of 200 kg ha−1 of nitrogen (N) (Fert_N200), fertigation combined with B100 and B75V25 at a N rate complementary to 200 kg N ha−1 (B100 + Fert and B75V25 + Fert, respectively), and an unfertilized control (N0) with no cover crops for green manuring prior to tomato transplanting or fertigation. The Fert_N200 treatment resulted in maximum tomato N uptake, growth and yield, but caused high N leaching, especially during the no-cover fall-winter period, as was also the case for N0. The V100 treatment promoted quite good tomato N status and yield, but did not reduce N leaching. The B100 and B75V25 treatments reduced N leaching but decreased tomato N uptake, growth and yield. The B100 + Fert and B75V25 + Fert treatments reduced N leaching, likely increased soil N stock, and facilitated optimal tomato N nutrition and maximum yields. Combining fertigation with green manuring of cover crops composed of pure grass or grass-legume mixtures appears to be a very effective and environmentally sound practice for fertilizing high N-demanding spring-summer crops like processing tomato.

scholarly journals Green manuring effect of pure and mixed barley – hairy vetch winter cover crops on maize and processing tomato N nutrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Tosti ◽  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Michela Farneselli ◽  
Roberta Pace ◽  
Francesco Tei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals Processing Tomato–Durum Wheat Rotation under Integrated, Organic and Mulch-Based No-Tillage Organic Systems: Yield, N Balance and N Loss

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Tosti ◽  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Michela Farneselli ◽  
Marcello Guiducci ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Processing Tomato

In a 4-year study, the biannual crop rotation processing tomato–durum wheat was applied to three cropping systems: (i) an innovative organic coupled with no-tillage (ORG+) where an autumn-sown cover crop was terminated by roller-crimping and then followed by the direct transplantation of processing tomato onto the death-mulch cover; (ii) a traditional organic (ORG) with autumn-sown cover crop that was green manured and followed by processing tomato; and (iii) a conventional integrated low-input (INT) with bare soil during the fall–winter period prior to the processing tomato. N balance, yield and N leaching losses were determined. Innovative cropping techniques such as wheat–faba bean temporary intercropping and the direct transplantation of processing tomato into roll-crimped cover crop biomass were implemented in ORG+; the experiment was aimed at: (i) quantifying the N leaching losses; (ii) assessing the effect of N management on the yield and N utilization; and (iii) comparing the cropping system outputs (yield) in relation to extra-farm N sources (i.e., N coming from organic or synthetic fertilizers acquired from the market) and N losses. The effects of such innovations on important agroecological services such as yield and N recycling were assessed compared to those supplied by the other cropping systems. Independently from the soil management strategy (no till or inversion tillage), cover crops were found to be the key factor for increasing the internal N recycling of the agroecosystems and ORG+ needs a substantial improvement in terms of provisioning services (i.e., yield).

NLEAP Computer Model and Multiple Linear Regression Prediction of Nitrate Leaching in Vegetable Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Minshew ◽  
John Selker ◽  
Delbert Hemphill ◽  
Richard P. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop N Uptake ◽  
Mlr Model

Predicting leaching of residual soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in wet climates is important for reducing risks of groundwater contamination and conserving soil N. The goal of this research was to determine the potential to use easily measurable or readily available soilclimatic-plant data that could be put into simple computer models and used to predict NO3 leaching under various management systems. Two computer programs were compared for their potential to predict monthly NO3-N leaching losses in western Oregon vegetable systems with or without cover crops. The models were a statistical multiple linear regression (MLR) model and the commercially available Nitrate Leaching and Economical Analysis Package model (NLEAP 1.13). The best MLR model found using stepwise regression to predict annual leachate NO3-N had four independent variables (log transformed fall soil NO3-N, leachate volume, summer crop N uptake, and N fertilizer rate) (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.57). Comparisons were made between NLEAP and field data for mass of NO3-N leached between the months of September and May from 1992 to 1997. Predictions with NLEAP showed greater correlation to observed data during high-rainfall years compared to dry or averagerainfall years. The model was found to be sensitive to yield estimates, but vegetation management choices were limiting for vegetable crops and for systems that included a cover crop.

Timing of 15N fertiliser application, partitioning to reproductive and vegetative tissue, and nutrient removal by field-grown low-chill peaches in the subtropics

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Huett ◽  
G. R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Application ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Reproductive Tissues

The effect of timing of nitrogen (N) application as 15N-enriched ammonium sulfate (50 kg N/ha) on the growth response and N uptake by vegetative and reproductive tissues was investigated in the low-chill peach cv. Flordagem growing on a krasnozem soil at Alstonville. Nitrogen was applied in late August, late September, late October, mid February, and early May. Tree parts were sampled for 15N at 4 and 8 weeks after application and after fruit harvest in December the following season. After fruit yield was measured, trees were excavated and divided into parts for dry weight and nutrient concentration determinations, and fertiliser N recovery and to estimate tree nutrient removal. Nitrogen enrichment was detected in all plant parts within 4 weeks of N application, irrespective of timing, and was greatest in rapidly growing tissues such as laterals, leaves, and fruit. The most rapid (P < 0.05) 15N enrichment in vegetative tissues resulted from September, October, and February N applications and for fruit from a September application. The level of enrichment 4 weeks after fertiliser N application was similar for vegetative and reproductive tissues. The timing of N application in the first season had no effect on fruit yield and vegetative growth the following season. At tree removal, the recovery of fertiliser N in most tree parts increased (P < 0.05) as fertiliser N application was delayed from October to May the previous season. Maximum contribution of absorbed N to whole tree N was 10–11% for laterals, leaf, and fruit. Data from this study indicate that vegetative and reproductive growth have similar demand for absorbed N, and that uptake of fertiliser N is most rapid when an application precedes a period of rapid growth. Over 2 seasons, recovery of applied fertiliser N was 14.9–18.0% in the tree, confirming that stored N and the soil N pool are the dominant sources of tree N. The recovery of fertiliser N from the May application was 18% even though uptake in all tree parts including roots at 4 weeks after application was very low, indicating that tree fertiliser N uptake occurred when growth resumed after the dormant winter period. The low proportion and recovery of fertiliser N in the tree confirm the lack of immediate influence of applied N to vegetative growth and yield. Annual crop nutrient removal is a sound basis for fertiliser recommendations, and for the Flordagem orchard (1000 trees/ha), it consisted of fruit plus 70% of laterals (removed at pruning) plus 20% of leaf. Removal in vegetative tissues was relatively low at (kg/ha) 14 N, 1 P, 12 K, 13 Ca, and 2 Mg. The addition of fruit at a yield of 25 t/ha increased total nutrient removal to (kg/ha) 46 N, 5 P, 54 K, 14 Ca, and 5 Mg.

Integration of nitrate cover crops into sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) rotations. II. Effect of cover crops on growth, yield and N requirement of sugarbeet

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. ALLISON ◽  
M. J. ARMSTRONG ◽  
K. W. JAGGARD ◽  
A. D. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
The Mean

Between 1989 and 1993, 17 experiments tested the effects of autumn-sown cover crops on the yield, processing quality and N nutrition of subsequent sugarbeet crops. Cover crops had no effect on sugarbeet plant population density or pesticide requirement. In nitrogen response experiments, the mean beet yield at the economic optimum was 83 t/ha. The mean N fertilizer requirement was 96 kg N/ha and the N uptake at maximum yield averaged 180 kg N/ha. Cover crops had no effect on yield, fertilizer requirement or N uptake. In addition, cover crops generally had no effect on the efficiency of N fertilizer use, the mineralization of N from the soil organic matter nor the amount of soil mineral nitrogen at sowing or at harvest of the beet crop. Processing quality was also not affected by cover crops. The cost of growing a cover crop ranged from 0 to 50 £/ha. Since these costs cannot be offset against increases in yields or reduced fertilizer application rates, cover crops need to be low cost, i.e. cheap seed and minimal cultivation. Cover crops using volunteer cereals and weeds or farm-saved grain that are established with a single stubble-cultivation should fulfil these criteria.

scholarly journals Evaluating Different Catch Crop Strategies for Closing the Nitrogen Cycle in Cropping Systems—Field Experiments and Modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Matthias Böldt ◽  
Friedhelm Taube ◽  
Iris Vogeler ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Catch Crops ◽  
Cereal Grain

For arable stockless farming systems, the integration of catch crops (CC) during the fallow period might be a key for closing the nitrogen (N) cycle, reducing N leaching and increasing the transfer of N to the subsequent crop. However, despite considerable research efforts, the fate of N in such integrated systems remains unclear. To address this, a two-year field experiment was carried out in northern Germany with different CC, including frost-tolerant and frost-killed CC. The experiment started following a two-year ryegrass/red clover ley, which was subsequently sown with a cereal (CE) or a grain legume (field pea, PE). This provided two contrasting systems with high residual N in autumn. The results showed high N uptake of the CC, ranging from 84 to 136 kg N ha−1 with PE as the pre-crop, and from 33 to 110 kg N ha−1 with CE. All CC reduced N leaching compared with the control, a bare fallow over autumn/winter. Of the various CC, the frost-killed CC showed higher leaching compared with the other CCs, indicating mineralisation of the CC residue in the later autumn/winter period. The process based APSIM (Agricultural Production SIMulator) model was used to simulate N cycling for a cereal grain legume rotation, including a frost-killed and a frost resistant CC. While the model simulated the biomass and the N uptake by the crops, as well as the reduction of N leaching with the use of CC well, it under-estimated N leaching from the frost-killed CC. The study showed that all CC were affective at reducing N leaching, but winter hard catch crops should be preferred, as there is a risk of increased leaching following the mineralisation of residues from frost-killed CC.

scholarly journals Cotton response to nitrogen fertilization in the integrated crop-livestock system

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Kátia Cristina Silva ◽  
Isabela Machado de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Hector José Valerio Ardon
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Use Efficiency

Cotton has been widely cultivated in the Cerrado region, including the crop-livestock integration system under no-till. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant residues from ruzigrass [Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. C.M. Evrard) Crins] and nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency, growth, and yield of cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L. R. latifolium Hutch.), cv. TMG 44 B2RF. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. The plots consisted of three production systems: i) conventional cotton cropping in fallow area; ii) cotton cropping in the presence of straw from the shoots and roots of ruzigrass plants; iii) cotton cropping only in the presence of residues from the ruzigrass roots. The subplots consisted of five rates of N (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha–1), applied at 30 and 50 days after seedling emergence. The presence of ruzigrass straw provided less growth and development of cotton, in addition to less N uptake by plants. The cotton cropping in the crop-livestock integration system in the presence of residues from the roots and shoots of the ruzigrass plants resulted in the greater cotton yield in the second year, demonstrating the importance of the straw formation of the cover crops for the sandy soils of the Cerrado region. The optimal application rate of N in topdressing for the cropping of cotton in succession or not with ruzigrass residues in sandy soil varies from 100 to 110 kg N ha–1.

scholarly journals Yield and Nitrogen Concentration of Tomato following Winter Cover Crops

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 669c-669
Author(s):  
Bharat P. Singh ◽  
Upendra M. Sanju ◽  
Wayne F. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Total N ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Our objective was to determine the effect of winter cover crops on the yield and N concentration of the following crop of tomato. No commercial fertilizer was applied to the tomato crop. Cover crops were planted in fall in a randomized complete-block design with control (fallow), rye, hairy vetch, and crimson clover treatments. `Mountain Pride' tomato was planted in spring after incorporating cover crops into the soil. Soil inorganic N content during the tomato growing season was significantly affected by the nature of cover crops planted during winter. Tomato planted after legumes had significantly greater amounts of inorganic N available for uptake compared to nonlegume or control. A rye cover crop did not have any effect on the yield of the ensuing tomato crop. On the contrary, a 15% increase in tomato fruit yields resulted from cover cropping with legumes. The N concentration in fruit in all treatments was similar. However, tomato grown after rye had significantly lower vegetative N concentration. Total N uptake was significantly greater in tomato succeeding legumes compared to nonlegume or fallow. It was concluded that by adding inorganic N into the soil, legumes increased the fruit yield and N uptake of the succeeding tomato crop.

scholarly journals Management of crop residues to improve quality traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Galieni ◽  
Fabio Stagnari ◽  
Stefano Speca ◽  
Sara D'Egidio ◽  
Giancarlo Pagnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Previous Crop

Management of cover crops provides mulching and/or topsoil incorporation of plant residues, which can enhance soil organic matter content as well as supply important nutrients. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects on tomato quality and yield performance of different managements of plant residues from three cover crops compared with plastic cover (polyvinyl chloride) and bared soil (control). Management treatments consisted of: mulch with faba bean (MuF), rapeseed and barley and incorporated plants of faba bean (InF), rapeseed and barley. PVC and mulching with crop residues obtained higher yields; faba bean, due to its chemical composition, gave the highest fruit growth and yield, regardless of residues management. Residues improved tomato crop physiology as well as minerals concentration in fruits: the highest calcium values were observed for InF, while magnesium was significantly concentrated in fruits of MuF and InF treatments. Faba bean as previous crop seemed more effective in enhancing yield and quality tomato traits. Rapeseed did not confirm the expected results.

scholarly journals Nitrogen washing from C3 and C4 cover grasses residues by rain

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1899-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
Rodrigo Werle ◽  
Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Photosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
N Nutrition

Crop species with the C4 photosynthetic pathway are more efficient in assimilating N than C3 plants, which results in different N amounts prone to be washed from its straw by rain water. Such differences may affect N recycling in agricultural systems where these species are grown as cover crops. In this experiment, phytomass production and N leaching from the straw of grasses with different photosynthetic pathways were studied in response to N application. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and congo grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) with the C4 photosynthetic pathway, and black oat (Avena Strigosa) and triticale (X Triticosecale), with the C3 photosynthetic pathway, were grown for 47 days. After determining dry matter yields and N and C contents, a 30 mm rainfall was simulated over 8 t ha-1 of dry matter of each plant residue and the leached amounts of ammonium and nitrate were determined. C4 grasses responded to higher fertilizer rates, whereas N contents in plant tissue were lower. The amount of N leached from C4 grass residues was lower, probably because the C/N ratio is higher and N is more tightly bound to organic compounds. When planning a crop rotation system it is important to take into account the difference in N release of different plant residues which may affect N nutrition of the subsequent crop.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document