scholarly journals Preliminary Effects of Crop Residue Management on Soil Quality and Crop Production under Different Soil Management Regimes in Corn-Wheat Rotation Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Morad Mirzaei ◽  
Manouchehr Gorji Anari ◽  
Ehsan Razavy-Toosi ◽  
Hossein Asadi ◽  
Ebrahim Moghiseh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Ct System

Strategic management of crop residues is essential to enhance soil quality for sustainable agriculture. However, little is known about the specific amounts of crop residues needed to improve soil quality characteristics which are key to develop economic plans. In this study, we investigated the effects of applying crop residue at five rates, including 100% (R100), 75% (R75), 50% (R50), 25% (R25), and 0% (R0), on wheat yield and soil properties. Field experiments were conducted for two cropping seasons in a wheat-corn rotation under conventional (CT) and no-till (NT) systems to observe the first results obtained during short-term periods (one-year application). During the study, the wheat and corn fields were irrigated. Application of plant residue resulted in increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and available nutrients and improved soil physical properties, i.e., aggregates mean weight diameter in wet (MWDw) and dry (MWDd) conditions, water-stable aggregates (WSA), dry-stable aggregates, (DSA), soil water infiltration (SWI), soil available water (SAW), and yield of wheat and corn. The effects were stronger at higher residue application rates. In the CT system, compared to R0, R100 resulted in the highest increase equal to 38, 29, 23, 34, 35, 41, and 11% for SOC, MWDw, MWDd, WSA, DSA, SAW, and wheat grain yield, respectively. This was equivalent to 28, 19.5, 19, 37, 44, 52, and 6% for the NT system, respectively. Generally, the NT system resulted in a stratification of the soil properties within 0–10 cm compared to 10–20 cm soil depth, but a uniform distribution for both depths under CT system. Overall, these results show that crop residue application can improve soil quality and yield in cereal production systems under semi-arid conditions during the first year of application. It will be key to monitor these changes in along-term field studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Crop Residues Management on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity of Rice-wheat System in Inceptisols of Seemanchal Region of Bihar

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Kant Singh ◽  
Girijesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Reeta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Residue Management

A field experiment was carried out at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Katihar, Bihar in jurisdiction of Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, Bhagalpur during 2014 to 2018 with the objective to find out suitable crop residue management option under rice- wheat cropping system in Inceptisols of Seemanchal area of Bihar. The results after four years clearly indicates that the crop residue management practices involving  incorporation of residues improved favorably and significantly the soil properties such as bulk density, infiltration rate, mean weight diameter, aggregate stability, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, bacterial and fungal population, enzyme dehydrogenase and phosphatase activity in the soil and increased the grain yields of rice and wheat crop in the system over removal or burning of crop residue practices. Due to increased availability of readily decomposable organic matter in the form of crop residue and freshly incorporated green manure, the microbial population increased dramatically when crop residues are incorporated in the soil which might be responsible for increased enzyme phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity, decrease in bulk density, increase in granulation and aggregation and thus infiltration rate. The incorporation of crop residues with or without green manuring found promising for the environmental friendly and effective utilization of the crop residues under prevailing rice wheat system in this area.

scholarly journals Impact of crop residue management on crop production and soil chemistry after seven years of crop rotation in temperate climate, loamy soils

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Hiel ◽  
Sophie Barbieux ◽  
Jérôme Pierreux ◽  
Claire Olivier ◽  
Guillaume Lobet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
The Impact

Society is increasingly demanding a more sustainable management of agro-ecosystems in a context of climate change and an ever growing global population. The fate of crop residues is one of the important management aspects under debate, since it represents an unneglectable quantity of organic matter which can be kept in or removed from the agro-ecosystem. The topic of residue management is not new, but the need for global conclusion on the impact of crop residue management on the agro-ecosystem linked to local pedo-climatic conditions has become apparent with an increasing amount of studies showing a diversity of conclusions. This study specifically focusses on temperate climate and loamy soil using a seven-year data set. Between 2008 and 2016, we compared four contrasting residue management strategies differing in the amount of crop residues returned to the soil (incorporation vs. exportation of residues) and in the type of tillage (reduced tillage (10 cm depth) vs. conventional tillage (ploughing at 25 cm depth)) in a field experiment. We assessed the impact of the crop residue management on crop production (three crops—winter wheat, faba bean and maize—cultivated over six cropping seasons), soil organic carbon content, nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil content and uptake by the crops. The main differences came primarily from the tillage practice and less from the restitution or removal of residues. All years and crops combined, conventional tillage resulted in a yield advantage of 3.4% as compared to reduced tillage, which can be partly explained by a lower germination rate observed under reduced tillage, especially during drier years. On average, only small differences were observed for total organic carbon (TOC) content of the soil, but reduced tillage resulted in a very clear stratification of TOC and also of P and K content as compared to conventional tillage. We observed no effect of residue management on the ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ content, since the effect of fertilization dominated the effect of residue management. To confirm the results and enhance early tendencies, we believe that the experiment should be followed up in the future to observe whether more consistent changes in the whole agro-ecosystem functioning are present on the long term when managing residues with contrasted strategies.

scholarly journals Crop Residue Management for Sustenance of Natural Resources and Agriculture Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder Singh ◽  
Anita Jaswal ◽  
Arshdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Crop Residue Management

Crop residue management (CRM) through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by preserving soil organic matter (SOM) levels. Two major benefits of surface-residue management are improved organic matter (OM) near the soil surface and boosted nutrient cycling and preservation. Larger microbial biomass and activity near the soil surface act as a pool for nutrients desirable in crop production and enhance structural stability for increased infiltration. In addition to the altered nutrient distribution within the soil profile, changes also occur in the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Improved soil C sequestration through enhanced CRM is a cost-effective option for reducing agriculture's impact on the environment. Ideally, CRM practices should be selected to optimize crop yields with negligible adverse effects on the environment. Crop residues of common agricultural crops are chief resources, not only as sources of nutrients for subsequent crops but also for amended soil, water and air quality. Maintaining and managing crop residues in agriculture can be economically beneficial to many producers and more importantly to society. Improved residue management and reduced tillage practices should be encouraged because of their beneficial role in reducing soil degradation and increasing soil productivity. Thus, farmers have a responsibility in making management decisions that will enable them to optimize crop yields and minimize environmental impacts. Multi-disciplinary and integrated efforts by a wide variety of scientists are required to design the best site-specific systems for CRM practices to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability while minimizing environmental impacts.

scholarly journals MITIGATION OF CROP RESIDUE BURNING INDUCED AIR POLLUTION IN NEW DELHI – A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan ◽  
Arumugam Abirami
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Indian Industries ◽  
Stubble Burning

The atmosphere of New Delhi during the months of October to the January next year (every year) remains critical due to factors such as stubble burning in the nearby state of Punjab, air pollution rising out of Diwali fireworks and the smog during December and January. Stubble burning is the intentional incineration of paddy / any other field stubbles by farmers after the harvest. It is usually done to eliminate pests such as rats, crickets and hoppers. The availability of short time between rice harvesting and sowing of wheat is the most important reason for burning of crop residues. Also yield and quality of wheat gets severely affected if there is delay in sowing. Since the time gap is very limited (about 3 – 4 weeks) between rice and wheat, burning of crop residues is preferred since it is the quickest and easiest solution for the farmers. According to reports, New Delhi, Noida and Ghaziabad recorded a peak Air Quality Index (AQI) of around 480 – 490 in the month of November 2019. Health effects of air pollution include respiratory diseases, skin and eye irritation and other ailments. An important factor is shortage of labor contributing to burning of rice straw. Apart from stubble burning, farmers burn wood for domestic cooking, removal of municipal solid wastes and accidental / intentional wildfires. Use of combined harvester – Happy Seeder machine is a profitable and less labour-intensive management of rice residue. Yet many farmers still have the perception that there are no alternative solutions for crop residue management. Besides Happy Seeder machine, there are other machines such as rotavator, reaper binder and no-till seed drill that can be alternatives for crop residue burning. In 2019 – 20, the Punjab government disbursed a certain amount to farmers for not burning stubble as compensation, yet many farmers adopted the stubble burning process. Other measures such as adoption of villages by Confederation of Indian Industries, MoU with institutes for wast

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Properties and Productivity under Different Tillage Practices and Wheat Genotypes: A Short-Term Study in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokoofeh Khorami ◽  
Seyed Kazemeini ◽  
Sadegh Afzalinia ◽  
Mahesh Gathala
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Tillage Practices

Natural resources are the most limiting factors for sustainable agriculture in Iran. Traditional practices are intensive tillage that leads to a negative impact on crop productivity and soil properties. Conservation agriculture including tillage reductions, better agronomy, and improved varieties, showed encouraging results. The goal of this study was to test combined effect of tillage practices and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes on soil properties as well as crop and water productivity. The experiment was conducted at Zarghan, Fars, Iran during 2014–2016. Experimental treatments were three-tillage practices—conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no tillage (NT)—and four wheat genotypes were randomized in the main and subplots, respectively using split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed NT had higher soil bulk density at surface soil, thereby lower cumulative water infiltration. The lowest soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were obtained under CT that led to the highest C:N ratio. Reduced tillage produced higher wheat yield and maize (Zea mays L.) biomass. Maximum irrigation water was applied under CT, which leads lower water productivity. The findings are based on short-term results, but it is important to evaluate medium- and long-term effects on soil properties, crop yields and water use in future.

scholarly journals Micronutrients in the Soil and Wheat: Impact of 84 Years of Organic or Synthetic Fertilization and Crop Residue Management

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Shiwakoti ◽  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Hero T. Gollany ◽  
Markus Kleber ◽  
Baoshan Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Crop residues are an important source of plant nutrients. However, information on the various methods of residue management on micronutrients in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over time is limited. A long-term (84-year) agroecosystem experiment was assessed to determine the impact of fertilizer type and methods of crop residue management on micronutrients over time under dryland winter wheat-fallow rotation. The treatments were: no N application with residue burning in fall (FB), spring (SB), and no residue burn (NB); 45 kg N ha−1 with SB and NB; 90 kg N ha−1 with SB and NB; pea vines; and farmyard manure (FYM) and a nearby undisturbed grass pasture (GP). Wheat grain, straw, and soil samples from 1995, 2005, and 2015 were used to determine tissue total and soil Mehlich III extractable Mn, Cu, B, Fe, and Zn, and soil pH. After 84 years, extractable Mn and B in the top 10 cm of soil decreased in all plots, except for B in FYM and SB. The FYM plots had the highest extractable Mn (114 mg kg−1) in the top 10 cm soil; however, it declined by 33% compared to the GP (171 mg kg−1). Extractable Zn in the top 10 cm of soil increased with FYM while it decreased with inorganic N application in 2015; however, total Zn in grain increased by 7% with inorganic N (90 kg ha−1) application compared to FYM application. The results suggest that residue management had similar impact on soil micronutrients. Inorganic N and FYM application can be integrated to reduce micronutrient losses from cultivation.

Crop residue and fertilizer management effects on some biological and chemical properties of a Dark Grey Solod

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Soon
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Fertilizer Management

A 10-yr experiment was initiated on a Dark Grey Solod near Beaverlodge, Alberta (55° 13′N, 119° 20′W) in 1985 to determine the effects of fertilizer management and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw removal or incorporation on soil organic carbon (SOC) and related properties. Four crop residue treatments viz., (i) straw removed; (ii) straw ploughed in; (iii) straw disked in; (iv) straw disked in, plus a red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) green manure disked in every fifth year were superimposed on each of four fertilizer treatments. The fertilizer treatments were application of N and P: (i) banded at soil-test recommended rates (ST, b); (ii) broadcast-applied and incorporated at soil-test recommended rates (ST, bi); (iii) banded at soil-test rates of N + 25 kg ha−1 and of P + 10 kg ha−1 (ST +, b); (iv) as in (iii) but fertilizers broadcast-applied and incorporated (ST +, bi). Each treatment was replicated three times in a strip-plot design. Organic carbon, total nitrogen, total, organic and inorganic phosphorus, acid-hydrolysable carbohydrates, and microbial biomass C and N in the soil were not significantly influenced by crop residue treatments. The application of N and P fertilizers above soil-test recommended rates did not significantly affect any of the measured soil properties. Nitrogen application at the higher rate, irrespective of placement method, resulted in greater accumulation of nitrate, especially at 60–90 cm depth. It is concluded that barley straw removal over 10 yr from adequately fertilized continuous cropping systems in the Grey soil zone did not adversely affect SOC and some related nutrient pools and soil properties. Key words: Crop residue management, nitrogen, phosphorus, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass, soil carbohydrates

scholarly journals Effect of soil texture on water infiltration in semiarid reclaimed land

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenmei Ma ◽  
Xingchang Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhen ◽  
Yanjiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Empirical Coefficient ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

The infiltration of water and its influencing factors in disturbed or reclaimed land are not well understood. A better understanding would provide essential information for assessing the hydrological processes in disturbed ecosystems. We measured the infiltration of water in soils from loamy and sandy reclaimed land. The relationships between infiltration and soil properties were analyzed based on three models: the Kostiakov, Philip, and Green–Ampt equations. Our objectives were to understand water infiltration in reclaimed land with a variety of soil textures and to establish the dependence of water infiltration on soil properties. Both the rate of infiltration and the cumulative infiltration were higher in sandy than in loamy soils. The rate of infiltration and the cumulative infiltration decreased with soil depth in undisturbed land. The sorptivity rate (S) from the Philip equation, empirical coefficient (K) from the Kostiakov equation, and the satiated hydraulic conductivity (Ksl) from the Green–Ampt equation were 22%, 16%, and 7.1% higher, respectively, in sandy than in loamy soils. The Ksl increased significantly with Ks (saturated hydraulic conductivity) in both sandy and loamy soils. These indicated that the Green–Ampt equation can be used to describe Ks and the characteristics of infiltration for soils on disturbed land.

scholarly journals Rice crop residue management and its impact on farmers livelihood - an empirical study

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Uddin ◽  
K Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
Agricultural Income

The study aimed to examine the present status of rice crop residue management and its impact on farmers’ livelihood covering two sub-districts in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. A total of 100 farmers (50 for crop residue practicing farmers and 50 for the farmers involved in traditional farming) were selected randomly for data collection. A combination of descriptive, statistical and mathematical techniques were applied to achieve the objectives and to get the meaningful results. The results of descriptive statistics showed that retention was found higher in far distance plots from homestead. No retention of crop residues was found in case of Aus and Aman rice. The whole retention was found only in case of Boro rice. The shortage of labour in season and the wage rate were also important factors for the retention of crop residues. However, farmers’ perceptions about the use of crop residues were mostly adding organic matter to the crop field followed by mulching and feeding animal. The recycling of resources among crop retention and livestock has the great potential to return a considerable amount of plant nutrients to the soil in the rice based crop production systems. Due to crop residue practices, crop and livestock both were benefited through resource interdependences. The sampled farmers were benefited from retention of crop residues by improving soil quality, soil moisture, etc.; and farmers used less amounts of fertilizer, irrigation water, etc. for the succeeding crops. Consequently, succeeding crop productivity, profitability and annual income were increased significantly. The result of logit regression model shows that age of household head, farm size, agricultural income and non-farm income were found as significant variables in explaining the variation in crop residue adoption of farm households. To assess the livelihood pattern of sample farm households through asset pentagon approach, noteworthy improvement was found s on different capitals. The study identified some problems regarding crop residue management and finally, recommended that if the farmers get proper training for such management, it would be helpful to improve their livelihood.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 189-199, 2016

Legume and gramineous crop residues stimulate distinct soil bacterial populations during early decomposition stages

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Diouf ◽  
E. Baudoin ◽  
L. Dieng ◽  
K. Assigbetsé ◽  
A. Brauman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Total Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Selection Of

This study characterized the genetic structure of the active soil bacterial populations involved in the decomposition of maize and soybean residues over 3 d. Significant compositional differences between the total bacterial community and its active component were observed that were residue specific, suggesting that residue management should be further evaluated as a driver of soil C cycle through selection of bacterial populations.Key words: 16S rRNA DGGE, active bacterial community, organic matter, crop residue

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