CHARACTERISTICS EVALUTION OF FIELD EMERGENCE IN PRIMED SEED OF SORGHUM VARAITIES SALT STRESS CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 332-347
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Final Count ◽  
Field Emergence

An experiment conducted in pots under field conditions in the fall seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, to improve the field emergence in sorghum, in which three factors were studied. 1st factor was the variety (three varieties: Inqath, Rabeh and Buhoth70). 2nd factor was priming treatment (unprimed seed and primed seed soaked for 12 hours in a solution containing 300 + 70 ml L-1 of gibberellic and salicylic acids, respectively). 3rd factor was saline stress (tap water as control (1.26), 6, 9 and 12 dS m-1). RCBD design was used with four replicates. The results showed that Buhoth70 cultivar exceeded the others; also the primed seed exceeded the unprimed seed in the traits of the first and final count of emergence, daily emergence rate, emergence energy, emergence rate index and emergence index in both seasons. The control treatment was superior in the above traits, while the values of these traits decreased as the saline increased, and no emergence accrued at the highest concentration (12 dS m-1) in both seasons. The cultivars varied in their ability to withstand salt stress at the same stress level, and that the seed priming treatment has improved their performance to withstand salt stress compared to the unprimed in both seasons. It can conclude that there is a role for genotype and seed priming in improving seedling performance to tolerate salt stress.

scholarly journals NaCl- and Na2SO4-Induced Salinity Differentially Affect Clay Soil Chemical Properties and Yield Components of Two Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in Burundi

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Willy Irakoze ◽  
Hermann Prodjinoto ◽  
Séverin Nijimbere ◽  
Jean Berchmans Bizimana ◽  
Joseph Bigirimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Resistance Level

Salinity may strongly influence the interaction between plant roots and surrounding soil, but this has been poorly studied for sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) and Na2SO4 salinities on the soil chemical properties as well as rice physiological- and yield-related parameters of two contrasted cultivars (V14 (salt-sensitive) and Pokkali (salt-resistant)). Pot experiments were conducted using soil and electrolyte solutions, namely NaCl and Na2SO4, inducing two electrical conductivity levels (EC: 5 or 10 dS m−1) of the soil solutions. The control treatment was water with salt-free tap water. Our results showed that soil pH increased under Na2SO4 salinity, while soil EC increased as the level of saline stress increased. Salinity induced an increase in Na+ concentrations on solid soil complex and in soil solution. NaCl reduced the stomatal density in salt-sensitive cultivar. The total protein contents in rice grain were higher in V14 than in Pokkali cultivar. Saline stress significantly affected all yield-related parameters and NaCl was more toxic than Na2SO4 for most of the studied parameters. Pokkali exhibited a higher tolerance to saline stress than V14, whatever the considered type of salt. It is concluded that different types of salts differently influence soil properties and plant responses and that those differences partly depend on the salt-resistance level of the considered cultivar.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE AND SOME BLOOD TRAITS RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SELENIUM ADDED TO THE BROILER DIET REARED AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-743
Author(s):  
Ali & Al-Hassani
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Temperature Rate ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted at the poultry farm  -Animal Production Department/ College  of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- University of Baghdad, for the period from 2018/8/17 to 2018/9/28, in order to study the effect of adding inorganic and organic selenium to the broiler diets reared at high temperatures in the physiological performance.  A 420 un-sexed chicks of breed (Ross 308) were used in the experiment as a one-day old and with weight rate of 36.4g. The chicks were distributed randomly and equally on 7 treatments, each one included 3 replicates at 20 chicks/replicate. The experiment included the following treatments : T1,T2, and T3 as organic selenium treatments which are selenomethionin with a concentration of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/kg feed, respectively, and T4, T5, and T6 as inorganic selenium treatments in the form of Sodium Selenite compound at a concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/kg feed, respectively, and T7 control treatment without any addition of selenium, while the chicks were bred at a high temperature rate of  22.5 - 43.9 ℃. Organic and inorganic Selenium have not shown a clear effect in reducing body temperature compared to the control treatment, as well as, a high significant decreasing in the blood Hematocrit and Hemoglobin concentration for inorganic Selenium treatments compared to the organic Selenium and control treatments. Finally, The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the cholesterol and glucose levels in blood of organic and inorganic Selenium and control treatments.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID SPRAYING ON YIELD AND IT'S COMPONENTS OF LINSEED CULTIVARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-591
Author(s):  
Mohammed & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Branch Plant ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A field trails was carried out during winter season of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at Field Crops Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadriyah to study the effect of salicylic acid spraying on yield and it's components of linseed cultivars. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged within split plots was used with three replicates. The trail included three salicylic acid concentrations (100, 200 and 300 mg L-1) in addition to control treatment (distilled water spraying) within main plots and three linseed cultivars (Syrian, Egyptian and Iraqi local) within sub plots. The results showed that the Syrian cv. produced the highest number of main branches 7.09 and 7.11 branch plant-1, sub branch 28.45 and 27.10 branch plant-1 and number of capsules 122.39 and 117.89 capsule plant-1, number of seeds 8.63 and 8.45 seed capsule-1, seed yield 1.19 and 1.17 mton ha-1, while the Egyptian cv. gave highest means of 1000 seeds weight 6.83 and 6.54 g for the two seasons, respectively. The results showed that the spraying of salicylic acid at 200 mg L-1 significantly superiored and produced the highest number of main branches 7.10 and 6.82 branch plant-1, sub branch 29.05 and 26.48 branch plant-1, number of capsules 120.48 and 114.54 capsule plant-1, number of seeds 8.44 and 8.26 seed capsule-1 and seed yield 1.19 and 1.15 mton ha-1, for the two seasons, respectively. The interaction between the two factors had significant effect on all studied characters.

scholarly journals Mineral Status and Lupine Yield Responses to Ascorbic Acid Spraying and Irrigation by Diluted Sea Water

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
M. M. Hussein ◽  
A. Abd El-Khader ◽  
S. Y. El-Faham
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Yield Responses

A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre at Dokki, Cairo Egypt during 2010 -2011 winter seasons to evaluate the effect of different salt stress degrees on the growth and yield characters. The salinity treatments were: Irrigation by three concentrations of diluted seawater (2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm) more than the control treatment (irrigated by tap water 250 ppm) and spraying ascorbic acid (AsA) with two concentrations (100, and 200 ppm). Salinity depressed the pods, straw, straw+ pods and seeds weight relative to the control plants but the depression of these traits showed its maximum values when plants subjected to the higher level of salinity (6000 ppm) markedly more than that with the other two levels of salinity. Slight differences in the mentioned characters of plants irrigated by solution contained 2000 or 4000 ppm. Gradual depressions in pods/straw, seeds/pods and seeds/straw ratios were detected with the increase in salt concentration in water of irrigation. Ascorbic acid application led to increase the pod, straw, total and seeds yields. The high increment in pods weight and seeds to straw ratio wereshown by using 100 ppm ascorbic acid but the increment in straw, totalseeds weight and seeds/pods and pods/straw ratios.Furthermore, the absorption rate of N, K, P, Ca, and Mg ions from the growth medium significantly inhibited as a result of treatment with diluted sea water. Meanwhile, significant increases in the uptake of these ions were obtained in response to ascorbic acid application.

scholarly journals Chitosan nanoparticle and pyridoxine seed priming improves tolerance to salinity in milk thistle seedling

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar MOSAVIKIA ◽  
Seyed Gholamreza MOSAVI ◽  
Mohammadjavad SEGHATOLESLAMI ◽  
Reza BARADARAN
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Pigment Synthesis ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle

Application of growth regulators plays important role under salt conditions. Perspectives to overcome these limitations by chitosan nanoparticle (CSNP: 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1%) and pyridoxine (PN: 0, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09%) seed priming was studied in both experiments with milk thistle seeds exposed to NaCl as salt stress (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM). Salinity threshold and EC50 (the salinity level that 50% of germination reduction) achieved 74.85 and 213.5 mM, respectively. A significant reduction in germination percentage (49.12%), seedling length (50.07%), and seedling vigor index (67.39%) while, a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity (54.63%) were achieved at 150 mM NaCl in compared to the control treatment. The highest germination rate was resulted by 100 mM NaCl and 0.25% CSNP and the least (2.86 seed/day) by 150 mM NaCl and without CSNP. The salt stress significantly decreased photosynthetic pigments; however, the largest value of chlorophyll a, b, and total was related to without NaCl and 1% CSNP and the least value of traits (6.1, 1.67, and 7.77 µg/g FW) to non-application of CSNP under 150 mM NaCl. PN application was caused decrease in free proline content compared to the non-application treatment. The most pronounced effects of CSNP and PN were recorded in 0.25 and 0.09% concentrations, respectively. The finding of this study leads to the conclusion that seed priming with CSNP and PN by improving physiological mechanisms such as photosynthetic pigment synthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and free proline content increased salt tolerance in milk thistle seedling.

scholarly journals Seed priming improves the germination and growth rate of melon seedlings under saline stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Tiago Zoz ◽  
Charline Zaratin Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Melon Seeds ◽  
Germination And Growth

ABSTRACT: The germination and growth of melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants can be severely affected by excess salts in the soil or irrigation water; however, negative effects of salt stress can be attenuated using appropriate methods of seed priming. Thus, effects of osmopriming as inducer of salt stress tolerance in melon seeds exposed to salinity levels were investigated in this study. Seeds were soaked for 22 h at 25 °C in the dark in distilled water (hydropriming) or 0.5% KNO3 solution (osmopriming), and after drying, were distributed in plastic boxes with blotter paper containing different NaCl solutions prepared with osmotic pressure of 0.0 MPa (control), -0.3 MPa (mild stress), and -0.6 MPa (severe stress). Unprimed dry seeds were taken as control. The plastic boxes were kept into a seed germinator, at 25 °C for 14 days. A completely randomized design in a 3 × 3 factorial schemes with four replicates of 25 seeds was used. Results showed that the seed priming with water and KNO3 may be successfully applied on melon seeds to alleviate the adverse effects of saline stress in initial stages of plant growth. However, under severe salt stress conditions, hydropriming should be used because it results in higher germination and initial growth rate of the seedlings when compared to the osmopriming. Use of unprimed seeds should not be adopted in cultivation areas affected by salinity because they result in low germination rate and reduced initial plant growth.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Brassica napus Tolerance to High Saline Conditions by Seed Priming

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Panaiotis M. Stassinos ◽  
Massimiliano Rossi ◽  
Ilaria Borromeo ◽  
Concetta Capo ◽  
Simone Beninati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Positive Effects

Plants grown in saline soils undergo osmotic and oxidative stresses, affecting growth and photosynthesis and, consequently, the yield. Therefore, the increase in soil salinity is a major threat to crop productivity worldwide. Plant’s tolerance can be ameliorated by applying simple methods that induce them to adopt morphological and physiological adjustments to counteract stress. In this work, we evaluated the effects of seed priming on salt stress response in three cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) that had different tolerance levels. Seed chemical priming was performed with 2.5 mM spermine (SPM), 5 mM spermidine (SPD), 40 mM NaCl and 2.5 mM Ca (NO3)2. Primed and not primed seeds were sown on saline and not saline (controls) media, and morphological and physiological parameters were determined. Since SPD treatment was effective in reducing salinity negative effects on growth, membrane integrity and photosynthetic pigments, we selected this priming to further investigate plant salt stress response. The positive effects of this seed treatment on growth and physiological responses were evident when primed plants were compared to not primed ones, grown under the same saline conditions. SPD priming ameliorated the tolerance towards saline stress, in a genotype-independent manner, by increasing photosynthetic pigments, proline amounts and antioxidant responses in all cultivars exposed to salt. These results may open new perspectives for crop productivity in the struggle against soil salinization.

scholarly journals Seed priming improves Salvia hispanica L. seed performance under salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e52006
Author(s):  
Ana Alessandra da Costa ◽  
Emanoela Pereira de Paiva ◽  
Salvador Barros Torres ◽  
Kleane Targino de Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Moadir de Sousa Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Organic Solute ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Salvia hispanica L. is an alternative crop cultivated by farmers who want to diversify their production. However, this species is sensitive to salinity, which affects its germination negatively. Seed priming with different attenuators is a technique with potential to mitigate the effects of salt stress. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming with the use of different attenuators on the germination, growth, and organic solute accumulation of S. hispanica seedlings under salt stress. The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments distributed in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to four seed priming treatments and five osmotic potentials, with four replicates of 50 seeds in each treatment. The seed treatments consisted of presoaking seeds for 4h in salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, and distilled water and the control treatment, which did not involve soaking. These seeds were germinated at osmotic potentials of 0.0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.3, and -0.4 MPa, using NaCl as an osmotic agent to simulate the different salinity levels. Among all the treatments implemented, S. hispanica seed priming with salicylic acid was the most efficient in mitigating the salt stress effects.

scholarly journals FIELD EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING VIGOUR OF BREAD WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY METHOD AND LONGEVITY OF STORAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Cheyed
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Wheat Seeds

A laboratory experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the period 2010-2019. That was to evaluate bread wheat seeds stored in spikes in their field emergence and seedling vigour. Seeds, of stored spikes were compared with naked seeds, treated with cruise and untreated. All three treatments of seeds were grown in the laboratory and traits of days to last day of emergence, days to emerge, % of emergence, and other trails were recorded. Seeds of stored with thein spikes gave better values in days to last day of emergence, days of emergence, percent of emergence, length of plumule, seedling vigour and speed of emergence. The percent of emergence was decreased with increased years of storage, but those stored in their spikes were less affected. It was concluded that storing bread wheat with spikes had better results in field emergence as compared to seeds threshed and stored.

Genetic Potential for Salt Tolerance During Germination in Lycopersicon Species

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Foolad ◽  
G.Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Stress Levels

Seed of 42 wild accessions (Plant Introductions) of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl., 11 cultigens (cultivated accessions) of L. esculentum Mill., and three control genotypes [LA716 (a salt-tolerant wild accession of L. pennellii Corr.), PI 174263 (a salt-tolerant cultigen), and UCT5 (a salt-sensitive breeding line)] were evaluated for germination in either 0 mm (control) or 100 mm synthetic sea salt (SSS, Na+/Ca2+ molar ratio equal to 5). Germination time increased in response to salt-stress in all genotypes, however, genotypic variation was observed. One accession of L. pimpinellifolium, LA1578, germinated as rapidly as LA716, and both germinated more rapidly than any other genotype under salt-stress. Ten accessions of L. pimpinellifolium germinated more rapidly than PI 174263 and 35 accessions germinated more rapidly than UCT5 under salt-stress. The results indicate a strong genetic potential for salt tolerance during germination within L. pimpinellifolium. Across genotypes, germination under salt-stress was positively correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) with germination in the control treatment. The stability of germination response at diverse salt-stress levels was determined by evaluating germination of a subset of wild, cultivated accessions and the three control genotypes at 75, 150, and 200 mm SSS. Seeds that germinated rapidly at 75 mm also germinated rapidly at 150 mm salt. A strong correlation (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) existed between the speed of germination at these two salt-stress levels. At 200 mm salt, most accessions (76%) did not reach 50% germination by 38 days, demonstrating limited genetic potential within Lycopersicon for salt tolerance during germination at this high salinity.

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