scholarly journals Rice by-Products Reduce Seed and Seedlings Survival of Echinochloa crus-galli, Leptochloa chinensis and Fymbristylis miliacea

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Thi L. Ho ◽  
Cuong T. Nguyen ◽  
Danh C. Vu ◽  
Tu T. C. Nguyen ◽  
Vinh Q. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Ergosterol Peroxide ◽  
Liquid Extract ◽  
Stepwise Reduction ◽  
By Products ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Extracting allelochemicals from rice (Oryza sativa) straw and use for weed management is more sustainable than burning and reduces herbicide dependence. Water soluble compounds were extracted from shoots and roots of OM 5930, generating both a crystallized by-product and liquid extract. Crystallized product was applied to soil with pre-germinated barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv), red sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis L. Nees), and grass-like fimbry (Fimbristylis miliacea L. Vahl) seeds. As little as 9.4 g per pot (1 ton ha−1 biomass) reduced survival of all species, with the order of sensitivity barnyardgrass (BG) < red sprangletop (RS) < grasslike-fimbry (GF). Increased rates or time of exposure (3 to 42 days after treatment; DAT) resulted in a stepwise reduction in seed survival. Using liquid extract, 5.33 g pot−1 (3 tons ha−1 biomass) reduced BG survival by 49.8%, while 2.67 g pot−1 reduced survival of RS and GF by 49.7 and 54.3%, respectively at 42 DAT. A rate of 8 g pot−1 reduced survival of BG seedlings by 78.3% but was lethal to RS and GF seedlings. The most abundant allelochemicals present were ergosterol peroxide, p-coumaric acid, and salicylic acid. OM 5930 rice is a promising variety for extraction of allelopathic compounds and application for extended herbicidal activity.

scholarly journals Analytical Characterization of Water-Soluble Constituents in Olive-Derived By-Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Pablo Doménech ◽  
Aleta Duque ◽  
Isabel Higueras ◽  
José Luis Fernández ◽  
Paloma Manzanares
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Olive Stone ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
By Products

Olive trees constitute one of the largest agroindustries in the Mediterranean area, and their cultivation generates a diverse pool of biomass by-products such as olive tree pruning (OTP), olive leaves (OL), olive stone (OS), and extracted olive pomace (EOP). These lignocellulosic materials have varying compositions and potential utilization strategies within a biorefinery context. The aim of this work was to carry out an integral analysis of the aqueous extractives fraction of these biomasses. Several analytical methods were applied in order to fully characterize this fraction to varying extents: a mass closure of >80% was reached for EOP, >76% for OTP, >65% for OS, and >52% for OL. Among the compounds detected, xylooligosaccharides, mannitol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, and hydroxytyrosol were noted as potential enhancers of the valorization of said by-products. The extraction of these compounds is expected to be more favorable for OTP, OL, and EOP, given their high extractives content, and is compatible with other utilization strategies such as the bioconversion of the lignocellulosic fraction into biofuels and bioproducts.

scholarly journals The Composition, Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Properties of Estonian Honeys

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Evelin Kivima ◽  
Kristel Tanilas ◽  
Kaie Martverk ◽  
Sirli Rosenvald ◽  
Loreida Timberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Northern Climate ◽  
Sensory Parameters ◽  
Major Amino Acid

Thirty honey samples from different regions of Estonia were investigated to determine the chemical compositions, physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and sensory characteristics of typical honeys from a northern climate. The physicochemical parameters, such as electrical conductivity, moisture content, free acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural, diastase, and invertase activity were measured. The color was measured and expressed by L*-, a*-, and b*-coordinates. Sensory parameters were determined by using “fruity”, “floral”, “berry-like”, “herbal”, “woody”, “spicy”, “sweet”, and “animal-like” as the main odor and flavor attributes. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were in the range of 26.2–88.7 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per 100 g and 1.9–6.4 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) per 100 g, respectively. The identified polyphenols showed the highest intensities of caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and abscisic acid and its derivatives. The protocatechuic acid intensity was highest in honeys containing traces of honeydew elements and of cinnamic acid and myricetin in heather honey. The water-soluble antioxidant values were 37.8–311.2 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) per 100 g and the lipid soluble antioxidant values were 14.4–60.7 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) per 100 g. The major amino acid in the analyzed honeys was proline, with variable values depending on the honey’s botanical source. Correlations were calculated based on the results obtained. It was revealed that the typical Estonian honey has floral, berry-like, sweet, and rather mild sensory characteristics. Most of the honeys lacked stronger spicy, woody, and animal-like attributes. The typical color of Estonian honey is quite light.

Comprehensive Characterization of Agricultural By-Products for Bio-Aggregate Based Concrete

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herinjaka Haga Ratsimbazafy ◽  
Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ◽  
Camille Magniont ◽  
Philippe Evon
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
West Part ◽  
Hemp Shiv ◽  
By Products

The valorization of available agricultural by-products is important for the development of bio-aggregate based concretes as eco-friendly solutions for building materials. However, their diversity requires to assess their potential of use in vegetal concretes. This study aims to propose simple and relevant multi-physical characterization methods for plant aggregates. Basic and complementary characterizations were carried out on hemp shiv as a reference plant aggregate, and nine by-products available in the South-West part of France, i.e., oleaginous flax shiv, sunflower pith and bark, coriander straw, wheat straw, wheat chaff, corn shuck, miscanthus stem and vine shoot. The basic characterizations performed were those recommended by the TC-RILEM 236 BBM, i.e., particle size distribution, bulk density, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Complementary characterizations have also been proposed, taking into account the possible environment of the binder and the vegetal concrete manufacturing method. The additional tests developed or adapted from previous research assess the following properties: the content of water-soluble compounds at pH 7 and 12, the dry density of plant aggregates compacted in wet state, the real water absorption after compaction and the compression behavior of these compacted aggregates. This complete characterization highlights the distinct behavior of the different agroresources and allows to correlate these characteristics to the use properties of hardened composites.

scholarly journals Thermal Inactivation of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus in a Peptone-Salt Medium Mimicking the Water-Soluble Phase of Hydrolyzed Fish By-Products

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 2446-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Nygaard ◽  
Ingebjørg Modahl ◽  
Mette Myrmel
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Soluble Phase ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACTInfectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) (serotype Sp) was exposed to temperatures between 60 and 90°C in a medium mimicking the water-soluble phase of hydrolyzed fish by-products.Dvalues ranged from 290 to 0.5 min, and thezvalue was approximately 9.8°C. Addition of formic acid to create a pH 4 medium did not enhance heat inactivation. Predicted inactivation effects at different temperature-time combinations are provided.

Fate of Residual Lignin during Delignification of Kraft Pulp by Trametes versicolor

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2117-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Enzyme Bleaching ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT The fungus Trametes versicolor can delignify and brighten kraft pulps. To better understand the mechanism of this biological bleaching and the by-products formed, I traced the transformation of pulp lignin during treatment with the fungus. Hardwood and softwood kraft pulps containing 14C-labelled residual lignin were prepared by laboratory pulping of lignin-labelled aspen and spruce wood and then incubated with T. versicolor. After initially polymerizing the lignin, the fungus depolymerized it to alkali-extractable forms and then to soluble forms. Most of the labelled carbon accumulated in the water-soluble pool. The extractable and soluble products were oligomeric; single-ring aromatic products were not detected. The mineralization of the lignin carbon to CO2 varied between experiments, up to 22% in the most vigorous cultures. The activities of the known enzymes laccase and manganese peroxidase did not account for all of the lignin degradation that took place in the T. versicolor cultures. This fungus may produce additional enzymes that could be useful in enzyme bleaching systems.

Fungal phytotoxins with potential herbicidal activity: chemical and biological characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1629-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
Marco Masi ◽  
Marco Evidente ◽  
Stefano Superchi ◽  
Antonio Evidente
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Efficient Tool

Phytotoxins are an efficient tool to design natural safe bioherbicides for weed management. Agricultural products with low or nil risk to human and animal health could be obtained by avoiding the use of pesticides.

Biochar Decreases Atrazine and Pendimethalin Preemergence Herbicidal Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Soni ◽  
Ramon G. Leon ◽  
John E. Erickson ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Maria L. Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Sorption Experiment ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
By Products

Biochar and vinasse are by-products of biofuel production that can be used as soil amendments. However, their addition to the soil might affect PRE herbicide activity. Although studies have shown that biochar has a high herbicide adsorption capacity, there is little information available about biochar effect on weed control especially under field conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the influence of biochar and vinasse application on atrazine and pendimethalin availability and herbicide activity underin vitroand field conditions.In vitroatrazine and pendimethalin herbicidal activities were not influenced by vinasse addition, but biochar application reduced atrazine and pendimethalin injury for all evaluated species. A sorption experiment confirmed high affinity of biochar for atrazine and pendimethalin. Linear regression analysis showed that the slope for atrazine and pendimethalin adsorption was 16 and 4 times higher in soil with biochar than in soil alone. Under field conditions, biochar at 0.5 kg m−2reduced atrazine and pendimethalin weed control 75% and 60%, respectively. These results suggested that the use of biochar as a soil amendment in cropping system could decrease PRE herbicide efficacy. Therefore, mitigating practices such as the use of higher rates or reliance on POST herbicides and cultivation might be necessary to ensure proper weed control.

scholarly journals Industrial Symbiosis for Optimal Bio-Waste Management and Production of a Higher Value-Added Product

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228
Author(s):  
Edgaras Stunžėnas ◽  
Irina Kliopova ◽  
Daina Kliaugaitė ◽  
Rimas Pranas Budrys
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

A considerable amount of food waste ends up in centralized treatment plants due to the lack of preventive measures, resulting in significant environmental impacts. Hospitality food waste management is even more resource-intensive because of animal by-products regulation. According to this regulation, companies must store and then consign waste to specific waste managers. The extensive need for transportation of high-moisture-content materials is the leading cause of the impact. Moreover, the management of category III animal by-products is costly for companies. A previous study has shown the economic benefits of decentralized animal by-product treatment by intensive composting in catering companies. Although the produced compost was characterized by exceptional quality parameters, it was phytotoxic. The investigation of hospitality waste management is scarcely discussed among scholars, and waste management on a regional scale is nearly absent. This study examines the regional management of hospitality food waste by exploiting the municipal waste management infrastructure and intensive composting at the source. The co-maturation experiment with animal by-products and municipal green waste primary composts showed that the phytotoxicity parameters of the cured compost were in the optimal range or below the thresholds (conductivity (1.1 mS cm−1), dissolved organic carbon (82 mg kg−1), and NH4+/NO3− ratio (0.0027)). Additionally, the amounts of total nitrogen, water-soluble nitrogen, and water-soluble phosphorus in the compost were rated as very high. Finally, inventory and environmental impact analysis of the current and planned management approaches showed a reduction in 12 of 18 impact categories.

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