scholarly journals Carvacrol: A Promising Environmentally Friendly Agent to Fight Seeds Damping-Off Diseases Induced by Fungal Species

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Hamza Saghrouchni ◽  
Azeddin El Barnossi ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Abdulhakeem Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Alternative Agent ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Gramineae damping-off disease is a growing problem worldwide, which affects a large range of seedlings in nurseries, glasshouses, gardens, crops, forests and untimely generates a heavy economic impact on the agriculture and related sectors. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the preventive potential of carvacrol on germination of Fusarium oxysporum, Neocosmospora solani, and Microdochium nivale spores as responsible agents for Lolium perenne seeds damping-off disease. Material and methods: Macrodilution method in agar medium, spore germination, spore destruction, and preventive treatment bioassays were used to achieve this goal. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carvacrol vs. tested strains existed in the range of 0.25–0.5 mg/mL. Carvacrol used in concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 mg/mL inhibited the germination of all fungal spores in a dose-dependent manner. Carvacrol showed a very strong sporicidal effect against all studied fungal strains, and this effect was well confirmed by microscopic observations. The percentage of growth inhibition was found to be strictly correlated to carvacrol dose up vs. all strains. Carvacrol increased the emergence of L. perenne seeds when compared to both uninfested and infested seeds. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, carvacrol fulfills the requirement for being a natural alternative agent to fight Gramineae seedlings’ damping-off caused by fungal species without adverse effects on the plants.

Membrane Nanoparticles Derived from ACE2-rich Cells Block SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Shaobo Wang ◽  
Yin Chen ◽  
Jianqi Zhao ◽  
Songling Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney ◽  
Proximal Tubular Cells ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTThe ongoing COVID-19 epidemic worldwide necessitates the development of novel effective agents against SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 is the main receptor of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein and mediates viral entry into host cells. Herein, the membrane nanoparticles prepared from ACE2-rich cells are discovered with potent capacity to block SARS-CoV-2 infection. The membrane of human embryonic kidney-239T cell highly expressing ACE2 is screened to prepare nanoparticles. The nanomaterial termed HEK-293T-hACE2 NPs contains 265.1 ng mg−1 of ACE2 on the surface and acts as a bait to trap SARS-CoV-2 S1 in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in reduced recruitment of the viral ligand to host cells. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 S1 can translocate to the cytoplasm and affect the cell metabolism, which is also inhibited by HEK-293T-hACE2 NPs. Further studies reveal that HEK-293T-hACE2 NPs can efficiently suppress SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions entry into human proximal tubular cells and block viral infection with a low half maximal inhibitory concentration. Additionally, this biocompatible membrane nanomaterial is sufficient to block the adherence of SARS-CoV-2 D614G-S1 mutant to sensitive cells. Our study demonstrates a easy-to-acheive memrbane nano-antagonist for curbing SARS-CoV-2, which enriches the existing antiviral arsenal and provides new possibilities to treat COVID-19. Graphical Table of Contents

scholarly journals Tea Polyphenols EGCG and Theaflavin Inhibit the Activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Protease In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsu Jang ◽  
Yea-In Park ◽  
Yeo-Eun Cha ◽  
Rackhyun Park ◽  
Sim Namkoong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
3Cl Protease ◽  
Dose Dependent

COVID-19, a global pandemic, has caused over 750,000 deaths worldwide as of August 2020. A vaccine or remedy for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is necessary to slow down the spread and lethality of COVID-19. However, there is currently no effective treatment available against SARS-CoV-2. In this report, we demonstrated that EGCG and theaflavin, the main active ingredients of green tea and black tea, respectively, are potentially effective to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 activity. Coronaviruses require the 3CL-protease for the cleavage of its polyprotein to make individual proteins functional. EGCG and theaflavin showed inhibitory activity against the SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease in a dose-dependent manner, and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 7.58 μg/ml for EGCG and 8.44 μg/ml for theaflavin. In addition, we did not observe any cytotoxicity for either EGCG or theaflavin at the concentrations tested up to 40 μg/ml in HEK293T cells. These results suggest that upon further study, EGCG and theaflavin can be potentially useful to treat COVID-19.

scholarly journals Preventive Treatment with Methylprednisolone Paradoxically Exacerbates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Wüst ◽  
Jens van den Brandt ◽  
Holger M. Reichardt ◽  
Fred Lühder
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Pulse Therapy ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Peripheral T Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Glucocorticoids (GCs) represent the standard treatment for acute disease bouts in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, for which methylprednisolone (MP) pulse therapy is the most frequently used protocol. Here, we compared the efficacy of therapeutic and preventive MP application inMOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57Bl/6 mice. When administered briefly after the onset of the disease, MP efficiently ameliorated EAE in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, MP administration around the time of immunization was contraindicated as it even increased leukocyte infiltration into the CNS and worsened the disease symptoms. Our analyses suggest that in the latter case an incomplete depletion of peripheral T cells by MP triggers homeostatic proliferation, which presumably results in an enhanced priming of autoreactive T cells and causes an aggravated disease course. Thus, the timing and selection of a particular GC derivative require careful consideration in MS therapy.

L-glutamine and L-asparagine stimulate ODC activity and proliferation in a porcine jejunal enterocyte line

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (4) ◽  
pp. G591-G599 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Kandil ◽  
R. A. Argenzio ◽  
W. Chen ◽  
H. M. Berschneider ◽  
A. D. Stiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Enterocyte Proliferation ◽  
Exchange Inhibitor ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Related Amino Acid

We studied the effect of L-glutamine (Gln), the principal intestinal fuel, on proliferation of a porcine jejunal cell line, IPEC-J2. In cells synchronized by serum deprivation for 4 h, Gln stimulated ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with maximal effects at 10 mM in 3 h (P < 0.01). Similar effects were seen for the structurally related amino acid L-asparagine and serum. The Gln effect on ODC was specific, as isosmolar mannitol, glucose, methyl-beta-D-glucoside, L-phenylalanine, ammonia, and aminoisobutyric acid were ineffective. The alanine aminotransferase inhibitor aminooxyacetate (AO) inhibited the ODC stimulation by Gln in a dose-dependent manner (half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 0.5 mM). AO was not toxic to cells, as determined by propidium iodide uptake into nuclei. In addition, Gln stimulated a twofold increase of cellular 24-h [3H]thymidine incorporation above rates of control cells bathed in standard media (P < 0.01); this effect was also blocked by AO. Gln and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated ODC in a synergistic manner. The Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor methylisobutyl amiloride blocked the enhancement of ODC by Gln. Gln also induced the mRNA of the immediate-early gene c-jun. Gln stimulates proliferation in a porcine jejunal cell line through a mechanism requiring transamination and intact Na+/H+ exchange. This stimulation of enterocyte proliferation by Gln suggests that therapeutic Gln administration could facilitate epithelial recovery in the injured small intestine.

Sapecin B, a novel fly toxin, blocks macroscopic K+ currents in the GH3 rat pituitary cell line

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. C289-C296 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Suzuki ◽  
M. Hirono ◽  
K. Kawahara ◽  
T. Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Gh3 Cells ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
K Currents

Sapecin B is structurally homologous to charybdotoxin (CTX), which is found in scorpion venom. This study investigated the effects of sapecin B on the Ca(2+)-activated K+ currents [IK(Ca)] and the rapidly inactivating K+ currents in clonal rat GH3 pituitary cells with whole cell voltage-clamp methods. Sapecin B (20 nM) reversibly blocked the CTX-sensitive Ix(Ca) (the BK current) in a dose-dependent manner, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of approximately 0.9 nM, comparable to that of 0.08-0.4 nM for CTX. The Ca2+ currents in GH3 cells, however, were not affected by sapecin B (40 nM), indicating that the blockade of IK(Ca) by sapecin B is not a secondary effect of Ca2+ current inhibition. The effect of sapecin B on IK(Ca) resembled that of CTX, as expected from the structural similarities shared by CTX and sapecin B. We also found that sapecin B largely inhibited the 4-aminopyridine-sensitive, rapidly inactivating K+ currents in a dose-dependent manner, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of approximately 40 nM, whereas CTX had little effect on this current in GH3 cells. Sapecin B may thus provide a useful tool, complementary to CTX, for probing the functional role of molecular domains in the BK channels and the structural similarities common to the BK and the rapidly inactivating A-type K+ channels.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of chemically and biologically synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles against Leishmania tropica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qurat ul Ain ◽  
Arshad Islam ◽  
Akhtar Nadhman ◽  
Masoom Yasinzai
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
High Production ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ros Scavengers

AbstractThe current study was carried out to compare the antileishmanial potential of the characterized chemically and plant mediated (Trigonella foenum-graecum) FeO-NPs (FeO-NPs) against L.tropica KWH23. The promastigotes and amastigotes mortality, ROS generation, and biocompatibility assessment were estimated in time-dose dependent manner by PDT. LED exposed bio-inspired FeO-NPs after 72 hours, express significant suppressive effects by exhibiting 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.001572±0.02μg/ml and 0.011408±0.02μg/ml for promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively. Leishmanial DNA damage and membrane integrity caused by FeO-NPs were owe to high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By applying different ROS scavengers (mannitol and sodium azide) hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen were found as main moieties for cell death by giving quantum yield 0.15 and 0.28 through chemically and green synthesized FeO-NPs, respectively. The light exposed green synthesized nanoparticles were found biocompatible on human red blood cells (RBCs), by exhibiting LD50 value 2659μg/mL. From these findings, it can be concluded that plant mediated FeO-NPs can be used as promising antiprotozoal agent.

Individual and combined effects of roquefortine C and mycophenolic acid on human monocytic and intestinal cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fontaine ◽  
J. Mounier ◽  
E. Coton ◽  
N. Hymery
Keyword(s):  
Mycophenolic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Monocytic Cell ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Roquefortine C

Roquefortine C (ROC) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) are secondary metabolites produced by various fungal species. It is known that both ROC and MPA may co-occur in raw materials or food. However, to date there is a lack of information regarding their toxicity. In this study, ROC and/or MPA cytotoxicity was evaluated on human intestinal (Caco-2) and monocytic cell cultures (THP-1 and CD14+). After 48 h single mycotoxin exposure, viability tests showed that monocytes (THP-1 and CD14+) were more sensitive to ROC (inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50)=55 and 45 μM, respectively) than to MPA (IC50>780 μM). IC50 values determined from ROC and MPA mono-exposure experiments on Caco-2 cells were >100 and >780 μM, respectively. Caco-2 cell viability was significantly reduced after 48 h co-exposure at high ROC/MPA concentrations. A synergistic effect was observed at 10/78, 25/780 and 50/780 μM ROC/MPA concentrations, while an additive effect was seen at 100/780 μM. THP-1 apoptosis rate increased after 3 and/or 6 h single ROC (from 10 to 100 μM) and MPA (780 μM) exposures in a dose-dependent manner. Co-exposure to 100/780 μM of ROC/MPA led to an increase in the THP-1 apoptotic cell population. No apoptosis mechanism was observed on Caco-2 cells. This is the first time that combined ROC and MPA cytotoxic effects, as well as the associated mechanisms are investigated.

Effects of Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Unfragmented Heparin on Induction of Osteoporosis in Rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mätzsch ◽  
David Bergqvist ◽  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Bo Nilsson ◽  
Per Østergaar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bone Mineral Mass ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Mineral Mass

SummaryA comparison between the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and unfragmented heparin (UH) on induction of osteoporosis was made in 60 rats treated with either UH (2 IU/ g b w), LMWH in 2 doses (2 Xal U/g or 0.4 Xal U/g) or placebo (saline) for 34 days. Studied variables were: bone mineral mass in femora; fragility of humera; zinc and calcium levels in serum and bone ash and albumin in plasma. A significant reduction in bone mineral mass was found in all heparin-treated rats. There was no difference between UH and LMWH in this respect. The effect was dose-dependent in LMWH-treated animals. The zinc contents in bone ash were decreased in all heparin-treated rats as compared with controls. No recognizable pattern was seen in alterations of zinc or calcium in serum. The fragility of the humera, tested as breaking strength did not differ between treatment groups and controls. In conclusion, if dosed according to similar factor Xa inhibitory activities, LMWH induces osteoporosis to the same extent as UH and in a dose-dependent manner. The zinc content in bone ash was decreased after heparin treatment, irrespective of type of heparin given.

Effects of NO-Donors on Thrombus Formation and Microcirculation in Cerebral Vessels of the Rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuto Sasaki ◽  
Junji Seki ◽  
John C Giddings ◽  
Junichiro Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Velocity ◽  
Red Cell Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummarySodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), are known to liberate nitric oxide (NO). In this study the effects of SNP and SIN-1 on thrombus formation in rat cerebral arterioles and venules in vivo were assessed using a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser. SNP infused at doses from 10 Μg/kg/h significantly inhibited thrombus formation in a dose dependent manner. This inhibition of thrombus formation was suppressed by methylene blue. SIN-1 at a dose of 100 Μg/kg/h also demonstrated a significant antithrombotic effect. Moreover, treatment with SNP increased vessel diameter in a dose dependent manner and enhanced the mean red cell velocity measured with a fiber-optic laser-Doppler anemometer microscope (FLDAM). Blood flow, calculated from the mean red cell velocity and vessel diameters was increased significantly during infusion. In contrast, mean wall shear rates in the arterioles and venules were not changed by SNP infusion. The results indicated that SNP and SIN-1 possessed potent antithrombotic activities, whilst SNP increased cerebral blood flow without changing wall shear rate. The findings suggest that the NO released by SNP and SIN-1 may be beneficial for the treatment and protection of cerebral infarction

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