scholarly journals State of the Art Management of the Central American Locust Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons (Walker, 1870)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Ludivina Barrientos-Lozano ◽  
Hojun Song ◽  
Aurora Y. Rocha-Sánchez ◽  
Jorge Ariel Torres-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Central American ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Popol Vuh ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Phase Polyphenism ◽  
Ancient Record ◽  
And Behavior

The Central American locust (CAL), Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons (Walker, 1870), is a transboundary pest that is distributed from Mexico to Panama. It is a true locust species characterized by density-dependent phase polyphenism. The ancient record of the CAL is found in the Popol Vuh, the Mayan sacred book, demonstrating how it has affected humans for millennia. In Mexico, the CAL have been declared a national threat to agriculture since 1824. Serious locust plagues occurred in 1882–1883 when swarms of 20 km2 in size invaded the Yucatán Peninsula and neighboring states in southern Mexico and, since then, management actions to suppress populations and economic damage have been implemented. A better understanding of the biology, ecology, and behavior of the CAL replaced a manual and mechanical collection of locust swarms, hopper bands, and egg pods with modern techniques such as the use of safer chemical products and environmentally friendly bioinsecticides. Presently, biomodels and GIS support the monitoring and forecasting of outbreaks. Currently, studies are conducted to investigate environmental factors that trigger locust gregarization, the evolution of phase polyphenism, and CAL bioactive compounds and nutritional contents, envisioning its potential use in biotechnological industries. Findings will be crucial to improve the management strategies of the CAL.

Serviços ecossistêmicos prestados por recifes de coral nas ilhas de Tinharé e Boipeba, Baixo Sul da Bahia, Brasil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Isobel Elliff
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Fringing Reefs ◽  
Integrated Valuation ◽  
Reef Decline

Coral reefs provide important ecosystem services to coastal communities. The Archipelago of Tinhar?e andBoipeba, Bahia, Brazil, are mostly surrounded by fringing reefs, which have undergone several chronichuman impacts. The objective of the present study was to apply an ecosystem-based approach byanalyzing the ecosystem services provided by the coral reefs of the Archipelago of Tinhar?e and Boipeba inorder to support management actions and serve as a tool for coastal management. Ecosystem serviceswere assessed through the observation of environmental indicators of their occurrence and by using asuite of models from the Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) softwarecombined with data from the Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) protocol database. Theservices of greatest occurrence were food provision, habitat maintenance, shoreline protection andrecreation. While the main stressful factors were tourism activities, the absence of a sewage system andfisheries. The coral reefs presented potential for shoreline protection along 50.5% of the islands. Moreover,46.8% of the shoreline would present moderate to high vulnerability in case of coral reef disappearance.The coincidence of areas with high risk of loss in the capacity to provide services and highvulnerability in the scenario of absence of reefs is concerning. Thus, the current model for tourism usedin the area should be altered, as should new management strategies be implemented, which can bringbenefits and avoid reef decline.

Classroom Management Actions of Beginning Urban Teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Beginning Teachers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Urban Teachers ◽  
First Year Teachers ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Classroom Management Strategies ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Relational Strategies

This descriptive, mixed methods study of one interim certification program explores first year urban teachers’ classroom management actions. This study investigates what strategies teachers implement to manage the classroom from programmatic surveys of 87 first-year teachers and interviews, field visits, video recordings, and journals of five case participants. Results indicate that teachers used behavioral, academic, and relational strategies to manage the classroom and they tend to refine several of these actions over time. Findings suggest that teacher preparation should promote beginning teachers to implement a range of classroom management strategies and support teachers in how to refine their actions.

scholarly journals An era of Sentinels in flood management: Potential of Sentinel-1, -2, and -3 satellites for effective flood management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1616-1642
Author(s):  
Sai Kiran Kuntla
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Earth Observations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract The repetitive and destructive nature of floods across the globe causes significant economic damage, loss of human lives, and leaves the people living in flood-prone areas with fear and insecurity. With enough literature projecting an increase in flood frequency, severity, and magnitude in the future, there is a clear need for effective flood management strategies and timely implementation. The earth observatory satellites of the European Space Agency’s Sentinel series, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-3, have a great potential to combat these disastrous floods by their peerless surveillance capabilities that could assist in various phases of flood management. In this article, the technical specifications and operations of the microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard Sentinel-1, optical sensors onboard Sentinel-2 (Multispectral Instrument) and Sentinel-3 (Ocean and Land Color Instrument), and SAR altimeter onboard Sentinel-3 are described. Moreover, the observational capabilities of these three satellites and how these observations can meet the needs of researchers and flood disaster managers are discussed in detail. Furthermore, we reviewed how these satellites carrying a range of technologies that provide a broad spectrum of earth observations stand out among their predecessors and have bought a step-change in flood monitoring, understanding, and management to mitigate their adverse effects. Finally, the study is concluded by highlighting the revolution this fleet of Sentinel satellites has brought in the flood management studies and applications.

scholarly journals Rabies Surveillance Identifies Potential Risk Corridors and Enables Management Evaluation

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Davis ◽  
Kathleen M. Nelson ◽  
Jordona D. Kirby ◽  
Ryan Wallace ◽  
Xiaoyue Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Health Surveillance Data

Intensive efforts are being made to eliminate the raccoon variant of rabies virus (RABV) from the eastern United States and Canada. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Wildlife Services National Rabies Management Program has implemented enhanced rabies surveillance (ERS) to improve case detection across the extent of the raccoon oral rabies vaccination (ORV) management area. We evaluated ERS and public health surveillance data from 2006 to 2017 in three northeastern USA states using a dynamic occupancy modeling approach. Our objectives were to examine potential risk corridors for RABV incursion from the U.S. into Canada, evaluate the effectiveness of ORV management strategies, and identify surveillance gaps. ORV management has resulted in a decrease in RABV cases over time within vaccination zones (from occupancy ( ψ ¯ ) of 0.60 standard error (SE) = 0.03 in the spring of 2006 to ψ ¯ of 0.33 SE = 0.10 in the spring 2017). RABV cases also reduced in the enzootic area (from ψ ¯ of 0.60 SE = 0.03 in the spring of 2006 to ψ ¯ of 0.45 SE = 0.05 in the spring 2017). Although RABV occurrence was related to habitat type, greater impacts were associated with ORV and trap–vaccinate–release (TVR) campaigns, in addition to seasonal and yearly trends. Reductions in RABV occupancy were more pronounced in areas treated with Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait (ONRAB) compared to RABORAL V-RG®. Our approach tracked changes in RABV occurrence across space and time, identified risk corridors for potential incursions into Canada, and highlighted surveillance gaps, while evaluating the impacts of management actions. Using this approach, we are able to provide guidance for future RABV management.

scholarly journals Dynamical delimitation of the Central American Dry Corridor (CADC) using drought indices and aridity values

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Quesada-Hernández ◽  
Oscar David Calvo-Solano ◽  
Hugo G Hidalgo ◽  
Paula M Pérez-Briceño ◽  
Eric J Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
Central American ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Southern Mexico

The Central American Dry Corridor (CADC) is a sub-region in the isthmus that is relatively drier than the rest of the territory. Traditional delineations of the CADC’s boundaries start at the Pacific coast of southern Mexico, stretching south through Central America’s Pacific coast down to northwestern Costa Rica (Guanacaste province). Using drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index, Modified Rainfall Anomaly Index, Palmer Drought Severity Index, Palmer Hydrological Drought Index, Palmer Drought Z-Index and the Reconnaissance Drought Index) along with a definition of aridity as the ratio of potential evapotranspiration (representing demand of water from the atmosphere) over precipitation (representing the supply of water), we proposed a CADC delineation that changes for normal, dry and wet years. The identification of areas that change their classification during extremely dry conditions is important because these areas may indicate the location of future expansion of aridity associated with climate change. In the same way, the delineation of the CADC during wet extremes allows the identification of locations that remain part of the CADC even during the wettest years and that may require special attention from the authorities.

scholarly journals Sentinel-2 Application to the Surface Characterization of Small Water Bodies in Wetlands

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Pena-Regueiro ◽  
Maria-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet ◽  
Javier Estornell ◽  
Jesús Antonio Aguilar-Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
Small Water Bodies

Developing indicators to monitor environmental change in wetlands with the aid of Earth Observation Systems can help to obtain spatial data that is not feasible with in situ measures (e.g., flooding patterns). In this study, we aim to test Sentinel-2A/B images suitability for detecting small water bodies in wetlands characterized by high diversity of temporal and spatial flooding patterns using previously published indices. For this purpose, we used medium spatial resolution Sentinel-2A/B images of four representative coastal wetlands in the Valencia Region (East Spain, Mediterranean Sea), and on three different dates. To validate the results, 60 points (30 in water areas and 30 in land areas) were distributed randomly within a 20 m buffer around the border of each digitized water polygon for each date and wetland (600 in total). These polygons were mapped using as a base map orthophotos of high spatial resolution. In our study, the best performing index was the NDWI. Overall accuracy and Kappa index results were optimal for −0.30 threshold in all the studied wetlands and dates. The consistency in the results is key to provide a methodology to characterize water bodies in wetlands as generalizable as possible. Most studies developed in wetlands have focused on calculating global gain or loss of wetland area. However, inside of wetlands which hold protection figures, the main threat is not necessarily land use change, but rather water management strategies. Applying Sentinel-2A/B images to calculate the NDWI index and monitor flooded area changes will be key to analyse the consequence of these management actions.

The Quest for the Holy Grail and the Dutch Integrated Approach to Nitrogen: How to Align Adaptive Management Strategies with the EU Nature Directives?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-217
Author(s):  
Hendrik Schoukens
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
Economic Developments

The concept of adaptive management is generally defined as a flexible decision-making process that can be adjusted in the face of uncertainties as outcomes of management actions and other events become better understood. These experimental management strategies, which may grant permit agencies more discretion to authorise economic developments, have become increasingly popular as tools to overcome deadlock scenarios in the context of the EU Nature Directives. One notable application is the Dutch Programmatic Approach to Nitrogen (Programma Aanpak Stikstof – PAS ), which puts forward a more reconciliatory and integrated approach towards permitting additional nitrogen emissions in the vicinity of Natura 2000 sites. The purpose of this paper is to use the Dutch PAS as a benchmark to explore the margins available within the EU Nature Directives to implement more flexible adaptive management strategies. This paper argues that the Dutch PAS, especially taking into account the immediate trade-off that is provided between future restoration actions and ongoing harmful effects, appears to stand at odds with the substantive underpinning of the EU Nature Directives. As a result, its concrete application might be stalled through legal actions which advocate for a more restrictive approach to the authorization of additional impacts on vulnerable EU protected nature. It therefore remains highly doubtful whether the Dutch PAS is to be presented as a textbook example of a genuine sustainable management strategy within the context of EU environmental law.

A Bayesian spatiotemporal approach to inform management unit appropriateness

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujia Bi ◽  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Can Zhou ◽  
Eric Hallerman
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Spatiotemporal Correlation ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Gill Net

One prerequisite for sustainable fisheries management is to match management actions with biological processes. Stocks are fundamental units for fisheries management. Understanding the spatial structure of fish stocks is critical for conducting defensible stock assessments, applying efficient management strategies, and ensuring the sustainability of fish stocks. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) is an important fishery in the Great Lakes. The appropriateness of its management units (MUs) has been identified as of high concern by the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission. Here we established integrated nested Laplace approximations and stochastic partial differential equations as two powerful tools for modeling spatiotemporal patterns of fish relative biomass. These fast computational approaches were applied to fit a Bayesian hierarchical hurdle model to occurrence and positive mass of yellow perch caught in gill-net surveys. Yellow perch relative biomass index has clear temporal variation and spatial heterogeneity, with the two middle MUs for yellow perch within Lake Erie merging together. The method explicitly models the spatiotemporal correlation structure inherent in biomass survey data at a reasonable computational cost, and the estimated spatiotemporal correlation informs stock structure.

Changes in Land Use Influenced by Anthropogenic Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lang Wang ◽  
Zong-Liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Management Actions

The terms “land cover” and “land use” are often used interchangeably, although they have different meanings. Land cover is the biophysical material at the surface of the Earth, whereas land use refers to how people use the land surface. Land use concerns the resources of the land, their products, and benefits, in addition to land management actions and activities. The history of changes in land use has passed through several major stages driven by developments in science and technology and demands for food, fiber, energy, and shelter. Modern changes in land use have been increasingly affected by anthropogenic activities at a scale and magnitude that have not been seen. These changes in land use are largely driven by population growth, urban expansion, increasing demands for energy and food, changes in diets and lifestyles, and changing socioeconomic conditions. About 70% of the Earth’s ice-free land surface has been altered by changes in land use, and these changes have had environmental impacts worldwide, ranging from effects on the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere and climate to the extensive modification of terrestrial ecosystems, habitats, and biodiversity. A number of different methods have been developed give a thorough understanding of these changes in land use and the multiple effects and feedbacks involved. Earth system observations and models are examples of two crucial technologies, although there are considerable uncertainties in both techniques. Cross-disciplinary collaborations are highly desirable in future studies of land use and management. The goals of mitigating climate change and maintaining sustainability should always be considered before implementing any new land management strategies.

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