scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Anita Jakubaszek
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Filtration Material ◽  
The Common ◽  
Intensive Growth

The article presents the results of studies aimed at determining the level of accumulation of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in parts of reeds (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.), as well as in a constructed wetland bed. The influence of the vegetative phase and dormancy of plants on the level of accumulation of biogenes in plant parts and in the bed of constructed wetland was investigated. Young plants at the stage of intensive growth were found to contain the most total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The leaves of the common reed, on the other hand, revealed the highest ability for the phytoaccumulation of nitrogen (32.21 gN/kg d.m.). Accumulation of total phosphorus in the leaves of reeds was, on average 1.54 gP/kg d.m. The results of studies on the filtration material filling the beds showed that the surface layer of up to 20 cm in depth was characterized by the highest total nitrogen content and total phosphorus content (average: 12.53 gN/kg d.m. and 3.01 gP/kg d.m.). The accumulation of these compounds decreased along with the depth of the deposit as well as in the direction of the outflow of sewage from the constructed wetland.

scholarly journals The Efficiency and Reliability of Pollutant Removal in a Hybrid Constructed Wetland with Common Reed, Manna Grass, and Virginia Mallow

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Marzec ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽  
Anna Dębska ◽  
Magdalena Gizińska-Górna ◽  
Aneta Pytka-Woszczyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Limit Values

In this paper, the pollutant removal efficiency and the reliability of a vertical and horizontal flow hybrid constructed wetland (CW) planted with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow were analyzed. The wastewater treatment plant, located in south-eastern Poland, treated domestic sewage at an average flow rate of 2.5 m3/d. The tests were carried out during five years of its operation (2014–2018). The following parameters were measured: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The results showed that more than 95% of BOD5, COD, and total phosphorus was removed in the tested CW system. The average effectiveness of removal of total suspended solids and total nitrogen exceeded 86%. A reliability analysis performed using the Weibull probability model showed that the removal reliability in the tested CW was very high for BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus (100%). The probability that the total nitrogen concentration in the treated effluents would reach the limit value (30 mg/L) established for effluents discharged from a treatment plant of less than 2000 PE (population equivalent) to standing waters was 94%. The values of all the pollution indicators in wastewater discharged to the receiver were significantly lower than the limit values required in Poland. The investigated hybrid CW system with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow guaranteed stable low values of BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus in the treated wastewater, which meant it was highly likely to be positively evaluated in case of an inspection.

scholarly journals Reducing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Different Crop Types in the Water Source Area of the Danjiang River, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjing Guo ◽  
Tiegang Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Guoce Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Bare Land

Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for plant growth and are the primary limiting nutrient elements. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural systems can cause the eutrophication of natural water bodies. In this paper, a field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted in a typical small watershed of the Danjiang River to study the nutrient loss process of nitrogen and phosphorus in slope croplands subjected to different crops and tillage measures. The characteristics of the runoff process and nutrient migration of different slope treatments were studied, which were the bare-land (BL, as the control), peanut monoculture (PL), corn monoculture (CL), bare land (upper slope) mixed with peanut monoculture (lower slope) (BP), corn and peanut intercropping (TCP), corn and soybean intercropping (TCS), downslope ridge cultivation (BS) slope, and straw-mulched (SC), respectively. The results showed that the runoff of CL, SC, TCS, BS, BP, PL and TCP slope types were 93%, 75%, 51%, 39%, 28%, 12%, and 6% of the those of the bare land, respectively. The total nitrogen concentration in runoff on different slope types decreased in the order of BP > PL > BS > SC > TCP > BL > CL > TCS. The BL was characterized with the highest NRL-TN (the loss of total nitrogen per unit area), with the value of 1.188 kg/hm2, while those of the TCP is the smallest with the value of 0.073 kg/hm2. The total phosphorus concentration in runoff decreasd in the order of BS > BP > PL > BL > TCP > SC > CL > TCS. The PRL-TP (the loss of total phosphorus per unit area) of BL is the largest (0.016 kg/hm2), while those of TCP is the smallest (0.001 kg/hm2). These indicate that the loss of nitrogen is much higer than that of phosphorus. The loss of nitrogen in runoff is dominated by nitrate nitrogen, which accounts for 54.4%–78.9% of TN. Slope croplands in the water source area should adopt the tillage measures of TCP and PL.These measures can reduce 85% of the runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the bare land. The results may assist in agricultural non-point source pollution control and help promote improved management of the water environment in the Danjiang River’s water source area.

scholarly journals Effect of hydraulic retention time on chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal in intermittently aerated constructed wetlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Pires da Silva ◽  
Gabriela Barbosa da Costa ◽  
João Gabriel Thomaz Queluz ◽  
Marcelo Loureiro Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Intermittent Aeration

   This study evaluated the effect of hydraulic retention time on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal in an intermittently aerated constructed wetlands. Two horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands were used: one without aeration and the other aerated intermittently (1 hour with aeration/7 hours without aeration). Both systems were evaluated treating domestic wastewater produced synthetically. The flow rate into the two CWs was 8.6 L day-1 having a hydraulic retention time of 3 days. The results show that the intermittently aerated constructed wetland were highly efficient in removing COD (98.25%), TN (83.60%) and total phosphorus (78.10%), while the non-aerated constructed wetland showed lower efficiencies in the removal of COD (93.89%), TN (48.60%) and total phosphorus (58.66). These results indicate, therefore, that intermittent aeration allows the simultaneous occurrence of nitrification and denitrification processes, improving the removal of TN in horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. In addition, the use of intermittent aeration also improves the performance of constructed wetlands in removing COD and total phosphorus.

scholarly journals Efficiency of aquatic macrophytes to treat Nile tilapia pond effluents

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Gonzaga Henry-Silva ◽  
Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen

The effluents from fish farming can increase the quantity of suspended solids and promote the enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus in aquatic ecosystems. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of three species of floating aquatic macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta) to treat effluents from Nile tilapia culture ponds. The effluent originated from a 1,000-m² pond stocked with 2,000 male Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The treatment systems consisted of 12 experimental tanks, three tanks for each macrophyte species, and three control tanks (without plants). Water samples were collected from the: (i) fish pond source water, (ii) effluent from fish pond and (iii) effluents from the treatment tanks. The following water variables were evaluated: turbidity, total and dissolved nitrogen, ammoniacal-N, nitrate-N, nitrite-N, total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus. E. crassipes and P. stratiotes were more efficient in total phosphorus removal (82.0% and 83.3%, respectively) and total nitrogen removal (46.1% and 43.9%, respectively) than the S. molesta (72.1% total phosphorus and 42.7% total nitrogen) and the control (50.3% total phosphorus and 22.8% total nitrogen), indicating that the treated effluents may be reused in the aquaculture activity.

The Effects of Estuary Dredging on Removing Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Dianchi Lake, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2895-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Hong Zhan ◽  
Sha Deng ◽  
Zhao Xin Li ◽  
Yu Luo ◽  
Ting Ting Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dianchi Lake ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Sediment Dredging ◽  
Internal Nutrient Loading

Sediment dredging is currently the most commonly selected option for getting rid of contaminated sediments. In this study, the effects of estuary dredging on removing nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated by comparing the different vertical nutrient content between the dredged and un-dredged areas in Dianchi Lake. The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the un-dredged areas were relatively higher than that in dredged areas. Besides, the contents of bio-available nitrogen and phosphorus represented the similar results, only a few dredged spots showed a higher potential releasing capacity. Therefore, with the reduction of internal nutrient loading, it indicated that sediment dredging might be an effective and reliable way to improve such eutrophic lakes.

scholarly journals Badania modelowe skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków w piasku średnim z warstwą wspomagającą z hydro-antracytu

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Marek Kalenik
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Purification

The model investigations of sewage purification were carried out in a medium sand bed with an assisting hydro-anthracite layer with thickness of 0.10 and 0.20 m. It has been observed that the effectiveness of sewage purification related to basic qualitative parameters (total suspended solids – TSS, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) is in accordance with the Polish standards on sewage disposal into grounds and surface water. It has been stated that the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer shows higher effectiveness of sewage purification than the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. This application in the medium sand soil bed increased the removal efficiency regarding TSS by 3.1%, total nitrogen by 29.4%, ammonia nitrogen by 1.2% and total phosphorus by 23.0%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD5 by 1.5% and COD by 11.3% with relation to the 0.10-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer (all percentages – in average). The investigations confirm that the hydro-anthracite with the granulation of 1.8–2.5 mm can be used to assist in removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from sewages

scholarly journals Cobia cage culture distribution mapping and carrying capacity assessment in Phu Quoc, Kien Giang province

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Hong Diep Nguyen ◽  
Glino Gallardo Wenresti ◽  
Kumar Tripathi Nitin ◽  
Hoang Minh Truong
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Aquaculture ◽  
Distribution Mapping ◽  
Marine Culture

Cobia fish cage is the most popular marine culture species raised in Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam. For its sustainable development, there is a need to determine the carrying capacity to avoid negative marine environmental impact in the future. This study was carried out to collect water samples each two months at the lowest and highest tides at four points around the farming area in Rach Vem, Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province from February to October 2011. Water quality in cobia cage culture was surveyed to assess the environmental status of coastal aquaculture areas including seven parameters such as DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TN, TP and Chlorophyll-a. These parameters are suitable to rear cobia fish cage in this area. Nitrogen and phosphorus are considered as the principal nutrients produced by the cobia fish farm and affecting water environment. This study found that the carrying capacity for fish cage farming in the area is 290.96 to 727.81 tons (based on total nitrogen) and 428.64 to 1,383.88 tons (based on total phosphorus) from February to Au-gust 2011. The maximum number of cobia cages should be, based on total nitrogen, from 64 to 266 and, based on total phosphorus, from 94 to 253. Moreover, this study examined the possibility of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technique based on Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) method by THEOS imagery for mapping of cage culture facilities and detect the location for cobia cage culture in study area. Cá bớp nuôi lồng bè là một trong những loài cá nuôi phổ biến khu vực ven biển Phú Quốc, Việt nam. Nhằm phát triển bền vững vùng ven biển, đề tài thực hiện đã xác định và đánh giá hiện trạng môi trường nước và sức tải môi trường của nghề nuôi cá bớp lồng bè ở đảo Phú Quốc. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện thông qua việc thu mẫu môi trường nước mỗi 2 tháng theo mức nước triều cao nhất và thấp nhất tại 4 điểm quanh khu vực nuôi tại ấp Rạch Vẹm, huyện Phú Quốc, tỉnh Kiên Giang từ tháng 02-10/2011. Chất lượng nước khu vực nuôi thủy sản cũng được khảo sát với 7 chỉ tiêu gồm DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TN, TP, Chlorophyll-a. Các thông số chất lượng môi trường này phù hợp nuôi cá bớp tại khu vực nghiên cứu dựa trên tiêu chuẩn chất lượng môi trường. Trong nghiên cứu này, đạm và lân là 2 thông số được sử dụng để tính toán sức tải môi trường. Sức tải môi trường được tính toán cho khu vực nuôi cá bớp dao động khoảng từ 290.96 tấn đến 727.81 tấn (tính trên hàm lượng đạm tổng số) và từ 428,64 tấn đến 1.383,88 tấn (tính trên hàm lượng lân tổng số) trong thời gian từ tháng 2 đến tháng 10 năm 2011. Số lượng tối đa lồng bè nuôi cá bớp khoảng từ 64 đến 266 (đạm tổng số) và từ 94 đến 253 (lân tổng số) dựa vào phân tích hồi quy tương quan. Bên cạnh đó, công nghệ viễn thám và hệ thống thông tin địa lý (GIS) đã được ứng dụng bằng cách sử dụng ảnh THEOS để xác định vị trí và phân bố không gian khu vực nuôi cá lồng bè dựa trên phương pháp phân tích đối tượng theo hướng (OBIA).

A Study of the Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Aquatic Ecosystem Health Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 864-867
Author(s):  
Yi Xin Xu ◽  
Hua Yong Zhang ◽  
Xiang Xu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Change

Eco-exergy which is a thermodynamic indicator is applied to assess the ecosystem health status of QiXing Lake. And effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on ecosystem health status have been investigated. The results indicate that the ecosystem which contains macrophytes has the better health status than that does not contain macrophytes when they have the same concentration of nitrogen or phosphorus. The ecosystem health status decreased as the concentration of total nitrogen increased when the ecosystem contains macrophytes. However, the ecosystem health status has not significant change as the concentration of total nitrogen increased when the ecosystem does not contains macrophytes. It has the same law for total phosphorus.

Rerating capacity of a constructed wetland treatment system

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Jackson ◽  
M. Sees
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Regional Water

The 482-hectare (ha) City of Orlando (Florida) Easterly Wetlands (OEW) was designed to reduce nutrient concentrations in 0.90 m3/s of wastewater from the Iron Bridge Regional Water Reclamation Facility. Design influent nutrient concentrations were 6 mg/L total nitrogen (TN) and 0.75 mg/L total phosphorus (TP). Actual TN and TP concentrations have been less than design, averaging 2.6 mg/L and 0.29 mg/L, respectively from January 1988 through December 1999. If influent concentrations remain at these levels, the OEW may have the potential to treat significantly higher flows since less than 20% of the total area was utilized for nutrient reduction. To test this theory, a capacity study was performed for approximately nine months in 1997 and 1998. Simulated flows of approximately 1.26 m3/s, 1.66 m3/s, and 1.93 m3/s were tested. It was found that approximately 15% of the area was utilized for nutrient reduction during the 1.26 m3/s simulation, 35% in the 1.66 m3/s, and 1.93 m3/s simulations. Based on these testing results, an application was submitted to the state in early 2000 to increase the permitted capacity to 1.57 m3/s.

scholarly journals Diatom genus Planothidium (Bacillariophyta) from streams and rivers in California, USA: diversity, distribution and autecology

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 470 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
ROSALINA STANCHEVA ◽  
NATHANIEL V. KRISTAN ◽  
WILLIAM B. KRISTAN III ◽  
ROBERT G. SHEATH
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Randomization Test ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Streams And Rivers ◽  
Weighted Averages ◽  
Diatom Genus ◽  
Current Species

The diatom genus Planothidium from streams and rivers in California was studied by applying the most current species designations. Twenty Planothidium taxa were identified in total, including a previously undescribed species, Planothidium californicum. Extensive light and scanning electron microscopic documentation is provided to support consistent further identification of the taxa for the local stream bioassessment. The most common and abundant species, recorded across the entire state, were P. frequentissimum, P. lanceolatum, P. victorii, P. cryptolanceolatum, P. amphibium, and P. minutissimum. Species ranges and species-weighted averages for the main anthropogenic stressors, i.e. chloride, conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were determined for the eleven most common Planothdium taxa. Statistically significant differences among species weighted averages were determined by randomization test. Of these eleven species, P. delicatulum, P. robustum, P. engelbrechtii, P. frequentissimum and P. victorii had the highest weighted averages along the chloride and conductivity gradients. P. potapovae, Planothidium sp. 1, P. amphibium, and P. engelbrechtii had narrow nutrient ranges and lowest weighted averages for total nitrogen and phosphorus, making them significantly different from P. delicatulum which had highest total nitrogen average and from P. minutissimum, associated with highest total phosphorus average level. Given that there were differences in associations with environmental variables between recently described species, it is important to use the new taxonomy when using diatoms in bioassessment work.

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