scholarly journals Oil Palm Inflorescence Sex Ratio and Fruit Set Assessment in dura × pisifera Biparental Progenies on Fibric Peat Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
Senesie Swaray ◽  
Mohd Din Amiruddin ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Syari Jamian ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
One Year ◽  
Conventional Study

This study investigated oil palm inflorescence sex ratio (ISR) and fruit set (FS) yield among 24 dura × pisifera biparental progenies on fibric peat soil, hybridized from ten genetic origins. Three-month intervals of data collection on ISR and “S-shape” procedure for FS determination were carried out in an independent complete randomized design for one year. Based on the assessment of individual progenies, analysis of variance revealed the existence of genetic heterogeneity. Five of the progenies had the highest ISR above 90%. However, 20.83% of the progenies (PK4841, PK4674, ECPHP415, ECPHP550, and PK4118) had the best normal range of ISR, indicating FS declined being influenced by ISR. Therefore, only 12.50% of the progenies (PK4674, PK4465, and PK4482) were above 60% FS critical level. Correlation analysis verified that ISR depends on the female flower and progeny PK4674 (65.78%) and PK4465 (62.62%) had the best FS and fruit to bunch. Among the parental origins, Deli Serdang × Cameroon was statistically the best for male flower production at 29.40% and ISR at 72.22%. The highest FS was recorded in Deli Banting × AVROS (54.00%) and Angola × AVROS (53.78%). However, molecular research, such as microsatellite molecular markers if concurrently used as a selection criterion with the present conventional study, could present further details to complement the present findings.

The DEVELOPMENT OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST POPULATION AFTER INTRODUCTION AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF OIL PALM FRUIT SET IN SERAM ISLAND, MOLLUCAS, INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Agus Eko Prasetyo ◽  
Agus Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Female Flowers ◽  
Elaeidobius Kamerunicus

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main pollinating agent in oil palm plantations in Indonesia today. The development of oil palm plantations in new areas requires introduction of these insects, moreover the new areas are located on different islands. First introduction of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust had been done from North Sumatra to Seram Island on 23 September 2013. The introduction was performed on larva and pupa stadium in 4-5 days post anthesising of male inflorescences. The introduction of E. kamerunicus using plywood boxes has an average risk of death by 7.89% at 6 days delivery period. Observation before releasing of the weevils showed that this insect was not detected in both of oil palm male and female flowers and the oil palm fruit set was very low approximately 11.27%. For about 500 weevils/ha were released in Marnuhu estate and could be developed into 362,401 weevils/ha in 5 months with 97.86% of oil palm sex ratio. The oil palm fruit sets were increased after 1 and 2 months introduction, 53.70% and 75.56 %, respectively. The lower sex ratio of oil palm or the more availability of male inflorescences make growth of E. kamerunicus population became faster and the greater number of weevils that visiting anthesising of female flowers make the higher value of oil palm fruit set.

PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT AND HYDROPHOBICITY PREVENTION OF PEAT SOIL IN OIL PALM PLANTATION THROUGH STEEL SLAG APPLICATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Winarna Winarna ◽  
Iput Pradiko ◽  
Muhdan Syarovy ◽  
Fandi Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Development of oil palm plantation on peatland was faced with hydrophobicity problem caused by over drained. Hydrophobicity could reduce water retention and nutrient availability in the peat soil. Beside of proper water management application, addition of soil ameliorant which contain iron could increase stability and improve peat soil fertility. The study was conducted to obtain the effect of steel slag on peat soil properties and hydrophobicity. In this study, peat soil was incorporated with steel slag and incubated in 60 days period. The research was employed completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 2 x 2 x 4. First factor is peat maturity consists of two levels: sapric (S) and hemic (H), while the second factor is soil moisture which also consist of two levels: field capacity (W1) and dry (under the critical water content) (W2). The third factor is steel slag dosage which consist of four levels: 0 g pot (TB0), 7.17 g pot (TB1), 14.81 g -1 -1 pot (TB2), and 22.44 g pot (TB3). The result showed that application of steel slag significantly increase of soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Furthermore, application of steel slag significantly reduce time for water reabsorption (wettability) in sapric. On the other hand, there are negative corellation between water penetration and soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Overall, application of steel slag could increase wettability and prevent peat soil hydrophobicity.

The DEVELOPMENT OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST POPULATION AFTER INTRODUCTION AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF OIL PALM FRUIT SET IN SERAM ISLAND, MOLLUCAS, INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Agus Eko Prasetyo ◽  
Agus Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Female Flowers ◽  
Elaeidobius Kamerunicus

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main pollinating agent in oil palm plantations in Indonesia today. The development of oil palm plantations in new areas requires introduction of these insects, moreover the new areas are located on different islands. First introduction of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust had been done from North Sumatra to Seram Island on 23 September 2013. The introduction was performed on larva and pupa stadium in 4-5 days post anthesising of male inflorescences. The introduction of E. kamerunicus using plywood boxes has an average risk of death by 7.89% at 6 days delivery period. Observation before releasing of the weevils showed that this insect was not detected in both of oil palm male and female flowers and the oil palm fruit set was very low approximately 11.27%. For about 500 weevils/ha were released in Marnuhu estate and could be developed into 362,401 weevils/ha in 5 months with 97.86% of oil palm sex ratio. The oil palm fruit sets were increased after 1 and 2 months introduction, 53.70% and 75.56 %, respectively. The lower sex ratio of oil palm or the more availability of male inflorescences make growth of E. kamerunicus population became faster and the greater number of weevils that visiting anthesising of female flowers make the higher value of oil palm fruit set.

scholarly journals Assessment of weather effect on flower morphogenesis and fruit set in mango varieties in central India

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. RANGARE ◽  
MANISH BHAN ◽  
S. K. PANDEY
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Central India ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Hermaphrodite Flower ◽  
Flower Morphogenesis ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Flower Sex Ratio

A two-year field experiment was initiated in 2017-18 and 2018-19 years simultaneously to assess temperature on flower morphogenesis stages, flower sex ratio (hermaphrodite/staminate male flower) and fruit set in monoembryonic Langra and Amrapali varieties. Different dates of flower phenological stages viz., bud, panicle, bloom and flower initiation, pea, marble, egg, and maturity of fruits were recorded. The Langra variety exhibited bud initiation after mid December whereas Amrapali variety by the end of December. The range of mean maximum / minimum temperature as 26-31/10-12 °C promoted hermaphrodite flowers per panicle by 74 per cent in Langra variety, whereas range of 27-29/11-13 °C favored by 35 per cent in Amrapali variety. A positive and significant correlation between total number of flower / panicle and flower sex ratio in both the varieties suggested that higher temperature during initial flower phenologies improved number of hermaphrodite flowers. A mean minimum temperature for producing more number of hermaphrodite flower  exhibited a range of 11-14 °C under central Indian conditions.  Fruit set was maximum during pea stage and decline afterwards in marble and fruit maturity stages due to sudden rise in temperature at marble stage that caused in drop down of humidity thereby resulted in fruit drop in both the varieties.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (molina) standl.] genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
M VENKATRAMAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Randomized Block Design

An experiment was carried out to analyze genetic variability for yield and its contributing characters in 35 bottle gourd genotypes in randomized block design with three replications to assess the nature and magnitude of association among yield and its contributing traits in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). Results indicated that PCV and GCV were high (more than 20%), sex ratio for PCV was 34.19 % and GCV registered as 24.79 per cent, respectively. Moderate PCV (14.28,16.10) and GCV (13.78,13.43) were recorded for vine length and primary branches, respectively. The high genetic advance as per cent of mean along with high heritability was obtained for vine length (0.93%), fruit length (0.87%), fruit width (0.76%), primary branches (0.69%), fruits per vine (0.59 %), sex ratio (0.52%), fruit yield (0.44%), days to first female flower anthesis (0.42%), node at first female flower appears (0.41%), days to first harvest (0.40%), fruit thickness (0.37%), days to first male flower anthesis (0.37%), fruit weight (0.35%) and node at first male flower appears (0.20%).

scholarly journals Screening of Fungi from Oil Palm Rhizosphere in Peat Soils and the Potential as Biological Agents against Ganoderma boninense

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Fifi Puspita ◽  
Isna Rahma Dini ◽  
Dermala Sari
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Rhizosphere Fungi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate

 One of the diseases that attack oil palm plants is stem rot disease. Control efforts that can be done is to use rhizosphere fungi from oil palm plants in peat soils. This study aimed to select fungi from rhizosphere of oil palm plants in peat soil based on morphological characteristics and test their potential as biological agents against Ganoderma boninense. This research was conducted by exploration, observation and experiment by using complete randomized design (RAL). The parameters observed were macroscopic characteristics of fungi from oil palm rhizosphere, disease severity index, fungus inhibition power from oil palm rhizosphere to G. boninense, colony diameter and growth rate of high antagonist rhizosphere fungus, hyperparasitic type of fungus from rhizosphere of oil palm plant with G. boninense and the morphological characteristics of fungi from high antagonist rhizosphere in macroscopic and microscopic. The results showed that 12 rhizosphere fungi isolates and 4 isolates were antagonist to G. boninense. Isolate J5 has a high antagonist power of 70.26% and is a genus Trichoderma, isolate J7 belongs to the genus Trichoderma, isolate J10 genus Aspergillus and isolate J12 genus Mucor.

scholarly journals Effects of Perennial Intercrops on Oil Palm Agronomic and Yield Traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanet Khomphet ◽  
Theera Eksomtramage ◽  
Jakarat Anothai ◽  
Pilalak Popet
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hopea Odorata

Background: Intercropping is wildly practiced in oil palm plantation in Thailand for a long time. However, there are few studies connected to oil palm intercropping. This study evaluated the effects of perennial intercrops on the agronomic and yield traits of oil palm.Methods: The observation used a completely randomized design with eight treatments including oil palm monocropping, oil palm intercropped with Intsia palembanica, Hopea odorata, Swietenia macrophylla, Ternstroemia wallichiana, Azardirachta excelsa, Magnolia champaca and Mesua ferrea. The height and stem perimeter of intercrops were recorded as were the plant height and diameter, number of male and female inflorescences and sex ratio of the oil palms. Those parameters were observed in October 2019, February and June 2020.Result: Oil palm intercropped with A. excelsa produced the highest number of female inflorescences and oil palm intercropped with M. champaca produced the highest sex ratio in October 2019 and February 2020, however, the differences of those parameters were not found in June 2020. There were no significant differences in the diameter, height, the number of male inflorescences throughout the observation. Among the 7 intercrops, M. champaca and A. excelsa produced the highest growth rate of plant height and stem perimeter, respectively. In conclusion, oil palm can be intercropped with perennial plants. However, more research is needed to determine the long-term effects of intercropping in oil palm.

PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT AND HYDROPHOBICITY PREVENTION OF PEAT SOIL IN OIL PALM PLANTATION THROUGH STEEL SLAG APPLICATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Winarna Winarna ◽  
Iput Pradiko ◽  
Muhdan Syarovy ◽  
Fandi Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Development of oil palm plantation on peatland was faced with hydrophobicity problem caused by over drained. Hydrophobicity could reduce water retention and nutrient availability in the peat soil. Beside of proper water management application, addition of soil ameliorant which contain iron could increase stability and improve peat soil fertility. The study was conducted to obtain the effect of steel slag on peat soil properties and hydrophobicity. In this study, peat soil was incorporated with steel slag and incubated in 60 days period. The research was employed completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 2 x 2 x 4. First factor is peat maturity consists of two levels: sapric (S) and hemic (H), while the second factor is soil moisture which also consist of two levels: field capacity (W1) and dry (under the critical water content) (W2). The third factor is steel slag dosage which consist of four levels: 0 g pot (TB0), 7.17 g pot (TB1), 14.81 g -1 -1 pot (TB2), and 22.44 g pot (TB3). The result showed that application of steel slag significantly increase of soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Furthermore, application of steel slag significantly reduce time for water reabsorption (wettability) in sapric. On the other hand, there are negative corellation between water penetration and soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Overall, application of steel slag could increase wettability and prevent peat soil hydrophobicity.

ALTERATION OF GROWTH AND FLOWERING HABIT IN CUCUMBER BY CHLORFLURENOL

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL J. CANTLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Plant Growth Habit

Chlorflurenol (methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-(9)-carboxylate) was applied to four cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in the greenhouse to determine its effect on sex expression, fruit set, and plant growth habit. The chlorflurenol was applied at three stages of growth, the first, second and fourth true-leaf stages, at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100 ppm. At 0.1 ppm or 1 ppm, chlorflurenol promoted male flower development in predominantly female (PF) Pioneer and monoecious Galaxy. However, at 10 or 100 ppm, chlorflurenol reduced male flower development in monoecious cultivars Galaxy and Wisconsin SMR 58 and in PF Explorer. The effectiveness of chlorflurenol in doing this was dependent on the stage of growth applied. Chlorflurenol did not affect female flower formation. Black-spined Pioneer and Wisconsin SMR 58 produced twice as many fruit per plant as white-spined Explorer and Galaxy when 100 ppm chlorflurenol was applied at the fourth-leaf stage. Plant growth was terminated in all cultivars at the 100-ppm concentration. It was proposed that yields of pickling cucumbers harvested once-over could be improved by increasing plant populations and applying chlorflurenol in the fourth-leaf stage to limit growth and promote fruit set.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Bokashi Limbah Bunga Jantan Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Edamame

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hairullah ◽  
Tuti Heiriyani ◽  
Noor Khamidah
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Environmental Testing ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Department Faculty

Oil palm plantations in South Kalimantan are large enough to produce a lot of waste in the form of male flowers. Oil palm male flowers have not been used optimally, but have the potential to be used as organic fertilizer or bokashi because they contain nutrients which are then able to support growth in plants and fertilize the soil (Hamidiyanto, 2012). Edamame soybean production in South Kalimantan is still minimal, so it needs to be increased, one of which is the use of bokashi fertilizer. The utilization of oil palm male flower waste into bokashi is expected to increase the amount of growth and yield of edamame plants. The research was carried out from February-May 2020 in the land around the greenhouse of the Agroecotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, and the Laboratory for Commodity and Environmental Testing of the Banjarbaru Industrial Research and Standardization Center (BARISTAND). The design in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely the provision of bokashi waste from male oil palm flowers with different doses, namely K1 = 160 grams of bokashi, K2 = 180 grams of bokashi, and K3 = 200 grams of bokashi. The results showed that the application of bokashi from oil palm male flower waste on K2 treatment of 180 grams of bokashi and K3 of 200 grams of bokashi had a significant effect on plant height and number of leaves and number of pods in edamame plants, but did not significantly affect the dry weight of 100 seeds. The best dose of bokashi for yield and growth of edamame plants is the treatment of K2 = 180 grams.

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