scholarly journals Evaluating Strategies to Improve Water Availability and Lateral Root Growth of Plants Grown in the Rice-Growing Lowlands of the Lower Mekong Basin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1929
Author(s):  
Carlos Ballester ◽  
John Hornbuckle ◽  
Thavone Inthavong ◽  
Vanndy Lim ◽  
Jeffrey McCormick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Furrow Irrigation

Overcoming constraints that poorly structured lowland rice-growing soils of the Lower Mekong River Basin present for growing non-rice crops during the dry season would have a significant positive impact on the livelihood of smallholder farmers. This study investigated whether the use of soil organic amendments, bed architecture (conventional, flat and narrow) and water application methods (sprinkler, furrow and over-bed irrigation) could improve plant water availability in typical rice-growing soils of Cambodia and Laos by either improving the movement of water into beds or the growth of the root system. Five experiments were conducted over two dry seasons on peanut and maize grown in a bed/furrow system. Organic amendments assessed were rice straw, cow/goat manure, biochar, manure plus rice straw and biochar plus manure. Results showed that compared with conventional bed/furrow design, narrowing beds increased soil moisture availability for peanut, whilst higher grain yield and water productivity were achieved with sprinkler irrigation than furrow irrigation. Placing a layer of sub-surface straw within beds did not consistently enhance soil moisture or improve root development. The study showed that maize grown on soil amended with biochar plus cow manure under a furrow irrigation system and on rice straw under sprinkler irrigation produced yields above the average yield that models have simulated for maize grown on these soils. These findings present opportunities to enhance maize production on lowland soils across Cambodia and Laos. The contrary was observed for peanut production, which indicates that factors other than water might be detrimentally affecting crop yields.

scholarly journals Determination of optimum irrigation scheduling for sorghum in Benna-Tsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
TM Lebiso ◽  
MM Mada
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Use Efficiency

Scarcity of water is the most severe constraint for sustainable development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. Hence, novel irrigation water application systems need to be developed so that high crop yield and water productivity per unit of land can be increased. Thus, the field experiment was conducted with the objective of determining the effect of different soil moisture depletion levels on yield and water use efficiency of sorghum crop in Benna-Tsemay woreda at Enchete kebele, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2019-2020). It was arranged in RCBD with three replications and treatment was rated for five levels of available soil moisture depletion (ASMD), where T1 = 60%, T2 = 80%, T3 = 100%, T4 = 120%, and T5 = 140% of ASMD. Analysis of variance has shown that yield and water use efficiency of sorghum crop was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by irrigation scheduling. As observed in this study, the most economically attractive and environmentally accepted for small scale farmers with tolerable cost of production and higher net benefit was obtained by application of T3 (100% ASMD) under conventional furrow irrigation system. Therefore, for this particular sorghum crop (teshale variety), it could be concluded that increased water saving and water productivity through irrigation at 100% ASMD under conventional furrow irrigation system can solve the problem of water shortage and would ensure the opportunity of further irrigation development in the study area and similar agro-ecology. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 95-102, Dec 2021

scholarly journals Influence of Protective Sprinkler Irrigation on Yield and Water Productivity of Kharif Grown Rain Fed Crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ramulu ◽  
M. Devender Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Food Grain

Background: The food grain and non-food grain crops occupy 48 and 68% area respectively under rain fed condition. Due to uneven rainfall, the rainfed crop suffers for want of adequate soil moisture at critical growth stages. Under such situation, protective irrigation ensures adequate soil moisture which results higher production. Crops like tomato, maize, groundnut and red gram are predominantly grown during kharif as rain fed crops. Relieving the soil moisture stress during the critical crop growth stages with more efficient irrigation system assumes importance in rain fed farming. Methods: An experiment was conducted for three years during kharif 2008, 2009 and 2010 at the College Farm, Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agril. University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad on a sandy loam soil to study the yield advantage of protective sprinkler irrigation to kharif grown rain fed tomato, maize, groundnut and red gram crops. The trial was conducted in strip plot design with protective sprinkler irrigations as main plots and rainfed kharif crops as sub-plots and replicated thrice. The three main treatments comprised of - one protective sprinkler irrigation at flower/peg/tassel initiation, two protective sprinkler irrigations at flower and fruiting, tassel and grain filling, peg formation and pod filling and flowering and pod filling stages and rain fed (control). The sub treatments consisted of four crops- tomato, maize, groundnut and red gram. Result: There was an increase in yield with one and two protective sprinkler irrigations by 16.7 and 27.9; 17.7 and 44 5; 26.4 and 34.5 and 21.1 and 28.9% over their corresponding rain fed crops of tomato, groundnut, maize and red gram, respectively. There was an increase of 20.4 and 31.6% in Maize Equivalent Yield (MEY) with one and two protective irrigations as compared to rain fed crop. The water productivity was lower in all the crops grown under rain fed conditions (0.77 kg MEY m-3) as compared to that of one and two protective irrigations.

Soil Moisture based Automatic Irrigation System to Improve Water Productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
PRADEEP H K ◽  
JASMA BALASANGAMESHWARA ◽  
K RAJAN ◽  
PRABHUDEV JAGADEESH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Crop Growth Stage ◽  
Experimental Findings

Irrigation automation plays a vital role in agricultural water management system. An efficient automatic irrigation system is crucial to improve crop water productivity. Soil moisture based irrigation is an economical and efficient approach for automation of irrigation system. An experiment was conducted for irrigation automation based on the soil moisture content and crop growth stage. The experimental findings exhibited that, automatic irrigation system based on the proposed model triggers the water supply accurately based on the real-time soil moisture values.

scholarly journals Grain quality of upland rice cultivars in response to cropping systems in the Brazilian tropical savanna

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Gustavo Pavan Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Rice Milling

The industrial quality of grain is an important parameter to determine the commercial value of rice and can be influenced by water availability and type of cultivar. The present study aimed to evaluate the milling yield as well as the protein and nutrient contents of polished grains originated from two upland rice cultivars grown under rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated conditions. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot arrangement with eight replicates. Plots consisted of two cropping systems (rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated) with subplots consisting of two cultivars recommended for upland ecosystems (IAC 201 and Carajás). The sprinkler irrigation system increased upland rice milling (8.0%) and head rice yield (23.7%), for years with hot and dry weather spells occurring during the reproductive and maturation stages. Under conditions of lower water availability, the Carajás cultivar showed a milled yield value 5.1% higher than that of cultivar IAC 201. Lower water availability provided increases in protein, N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn contents but reductions in S and Cu in the polished grains. Cultivars IAC 201 and Carajás had similar nutrient contents in the polished grains.

scholarly journals Controlled sprinkler irrigation system for agricultural plant cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
P Satriyo ◽  
I S Nasution ◽  
D V Della
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Controlling System

Abstract In recent decades, precision agriculture and smart farming have become promising issues particularly in the industrial revolution era 4.0. The main objective of this presented paper is to apply the optimized controlling system developed by means of Internet of things for controlling sprinkler irrigation systems used for agricultural product cultivation where in this study, we used shallot plants. The controlling systems were established by designing hardware and software used to monitor water distribution in sprinkler irrigation for onion plants during five initial days of cultivation. The result showed that controlled irrigation can optimize and monitor all plant growth indicators namely soil moisture, temperature, air humidity and water discharge and be able to carry out watering according to the desired level of soil moisture. It may conclude that a controlled sprinkler irrigation system can be applied as a part of precision agriculture practice in order to enhance production and sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Temporal stability of soil moisture in banana cropping area in the Brazilian semiarid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 852-859
Author(s):  
Diego C. dos S. Araújo ◽  
Suzana M. G. L. Montenegro ◽  
Abelardo A. de A. Montenegro ◽  
Daniella P. dos Santos ◽  
Renato A. S. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Production Knowledge ◽  
Banana Leaves

ABSTRACT Soil moisture is essential for agricultural production. Knowledge on its spatial-temporal variability is indispensable to support agriculture, and it is strongly influenced by cultural practices, soil cover conditions and irrigation methods. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the temporal stability and spatial distribution of soil moisture as a function of the use of banana leaves as soil cover in a plot under conventional sprinkler irrigation and cultivated with banana in the Brazilian semiarid region. The study area was divided in two sectors, with and without covering using banana leaves. Soil moisture was monitored before and after irrigation, at 16 times, using FALKER HidroFarm sensors installed on a transect with 11 units spaced by 8 m, in each sector. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, temporal stability and Spearman correlation test. The morphology of the banana leaves and the irrigation system used contributed to lower soil moisture in the covered sector at all monitoring times. Variations in the physical-hydraulic properties of the soil promoted variations in soil moisture with the position of the sensors in the ground. The temporal stability technique allowed the identification of points that represent the mean behavior of soil moisture throughout the area. The use of banana leaf residues caused less soil wetting using sprinkler irrigation, indicating the need to pre-grind the material or use localized irrigation systems, practices that are not very accessible to small farmers.

PERFORMANCE OF UMAR-SRIMAT ON SOIL WATER CONSERVATION AND WEED CONTROL IN SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Mohammed ◽  
Aimrun Wayayok ◽  
Mohd Amin Mohd Soom ◽  
Khalina Abdan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Planting Geometry ◽  
Rice Intensification

Weed emergence is among the most important problems in system of rice intensification (SRI) due to extensive planting geometry of at least 25 × 25 cm and moist environment, thereby leading to water loss by means of evaporation from the broad space as a result of the extensive planting geometry, and transpiration by the weeds. This reduces the additional water saving which affect the potential of SRI water productivity.  It also reduces rice crop yields up to 70% if there is no weed control attempted. Nowadays, weed is being controlled by manual weeder which is labour demanding, while motorized weeders overcome the problem but still, it able to remove the weeds before rice canopy closure or 30 days after transplanting (DAT). This research was designed to evaluate the performance of UMAR-SRImat on soil moisture conservation and weed control. UMAR-SRImat was made using flaked rice straw and biodegradable adhesive. The design was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three treatments [without soil cover (T1), SRImat (T2), UMAR-SRImat (T3)] and three replications. The analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Volumetric moisture content (VMC) was determined at 18 and 25 DAT.  Weeds were observed and recorded to determine the weed dry weight and weed control efficiency at 20, 40 and 60 DAT. Plant height per hill was measured at 30 and 50 DAT, likewise, the number of tillers were counted at 30 and 50 DAT. The result of VMC showed that UMAR-SRImat significantly conserved water higher than the control treatment at 18 and 25 DAT of 3100.0a and 2680.0a m3/ha, respectively. The effectiveness of UMAR-SRImat mulched was 100% at 20 DAT 99.64% at 40 DAT and 97.99% at 60 DAT. This research revealed that UMAR-SRImat mulch could retain soil moisture and suppressed weeds up to 60 DAT.

scholarly journals Low-Energy Precision Application (LEPA) Irrigation: A Forty-Year Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Bordovsky
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Irrigation Methods

Abstract. The low-energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation concept was developed 40 years ago (ca. 1978) to address the depletion of irrigation water from the Ogallala Aquifer and the sharp increase in pumping costs caused by the 1970s fuel crisis occurring at that time in the Texas High Plains. The LEPA method applies water to the soil surface at low pressure using a tower-truss irrigation system that continually moves through the field. This method brought changes in irrigation equipment and management that resulted in improvements in water productivity, particularly in semi-arid locations with diminishing water supplies. A review of published information pertaining to LEPA history, evaluation, and usage was performed. On landscapes of less than 1% slope, negative crop yield effects caused by irrigation runoff and start-stop system alignment were overcome with appropriately spaced basins, or furrow checks, and multiple irrigations over the course of the growing season. No consistent yield advantage at any level of irrigation was documented by placing water in every furrow (1 m spacing) compared to alternate furrows (2 m spacing). In irrigation treatments having =50% of the estimated full irrigation quantity, LEPA resulted in a 16% yield increase over sprinkler methods, although subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) resulted in a 14% yield increase over LEPA. At irrigation levels &gt;50% of full irrigation, crop yields of sprinkler treatments were only slightly less than those of LEPA, and SDI yields were 7% greater than LEPA. The LEPA irrigation method was the catalyst for innovations in chemigation, no-till planting, and site-specific irrigation. As irrigation water becomes more limited, use and proper management of optimum irrigation methods will be critical. Keywords: Basin tillage, Chemigation, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation methods, LEPA, Low-energy precision application, Runoff, Spray irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Uniformity, Water use efficiency.

Re-evaluating the rationale for irrigation technology adoption through an integrated trade-off analysis: case study of a cotton farming system in Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Maraseni ◽  
S. Mushtaq ◽  
K. Reardon-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Trade Offs

While the prevailing rationale for new irrigation technology adoption is improved water use efficiency, this study evaluated trade-offs between water savings, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic gain associated with the conversion of a furrow irrigation system to a sprinkler irrigation (lateral-move) system on a cotton farm in eastern Australia. Trade-offs were evident when conversion to the pressurised sprinkler irrigation system was evaluated in terms of fuel and energy-related emission; the adoption of the new system saved water but increased GHG emissions. However, when we considered changes in farm machinery and input uses as a result of the conversion, we found an overall reduction in GHG emissions. Overall, the GHG modelling indicated that higher total quantities of GHGs were emitted from the furrow irrigation (4,453 kg CO2e/ha) than from the sprinkler irrigation (3,347 kg CO2e/ha) farming system. Water efficiency modelling indicated that, on average, water savings of 18% are possible, while economic modelling indicated that the conversion of irrigation technology is a viable option. Even at a carbon price of AUD$30/tCO2e, investment in the sprinkler technology was an economically feasible option due to significant water savings and increased yield.

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