scholarly journals Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Certain Sugarcane Genotypes Grown under Field Conditions as Influenced by Early Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2319
Author(s):  
Nithaya Leanasawat ◽  
Manit Kosittrakun ◽  
Watanachai Lontom ◽  
Patcharin Songsri
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Drought is one of the important problems that drastically affect sugarcane production in several countries. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of early drought stress on physiological parameters and agronomic traits of six sugarcane genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was arranged in a split plot in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The main plot was represented by three different water regimes: field capacity (FC), ½FC and rain-fed (RF) whereas, the subplot consisted of six sugarcane genotypes: KK3 (drought tolerant), Q117 (drought tolerant), LK92-11 (drought susceptible), Ths98-271 (S. spontaneum), KK08-214 (the F1 hybrid derived from S. spontaneum × S. officinarum) and E08-4-019 (the F1 hybrid derived from Erianthus sp. × S. officinarum). The six sugarcane genotypes were subjected to three irrigation treatments. The 45-day-old plants of all sugarcane genotypes were exposed to drought by withholding water for 72 days. Certain photosynthetic parameters were measured in the leaves of four-month-old plants. Certain cane yield parameters were measured in the 12-month-old plants. The results showed that early drought stress decreased the maximum quantum yield of PSII efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Drought stress significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased cane yield. The cane yield and sugar yield of KK3 were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher than those of the other genotypes. The wild-type sugarcane and the F1 hybrids derived from the wild and commercial sugarcane could maintain better photosynthetic performance while encountering early drought stress.

scholarly journals Response of Yellow Quality Protein Maize Inbred Lines to Drought stress at Seedling Stage

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyasha Chiuta ◽  
Charles Mutengwa
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Drought Tolerant

This study seeks to evaluate the response of 17 yellow Quality Protein Maize (QPM) inbred line seedlings to drought stress (DS), using different morphophysiological traits (plant height (PH), chlorophyll content (CC), stem diameter (SD), proline content (Pro), photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PS II), canopy temperature (CT) and substomatal carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times in a growth chamber. The seedlings were exposed to DS treatment by growing them at 20% field capacity. The control/well-watered (WW) treatments were kept at 80% field capacity throughout the experiment. Highly significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed for PH, SD, and Pro across environments. On the other hand, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for CC and PS II, while DS had no significant effects on Ci and CT. Proline content increased under DS compared to WW conditions. Inbred lines L34, L7, L5, L2, L16, and L6 had approximately equal or more Pro than the drought tolerant check (ZM1523). As such, these lines were regarded as drought tolerant. Taking all measured parameters into consideration, L7 performed notably better than the other inbred lines under DS.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis effect in hexaploid wheat group

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-609
Author(s):  
Primoz Titan ◽  
Vladimir Meglic ◽  
Jernej Iskra
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Heterosis Effect

The main goal of hybrid wheat breeding is the identification of parents with high specific combining ability for grain yield and other agronomic traits. This kind of data facilitate the development of hybrid combinations with high level of heterosis in first filial generation (F1 generation). The use of species from the hexaploid wheat group (e.g. Triticum spelta L. Triticum compactum HOST...) is representing an opportunity for the increase of heterosis level in the germplasm of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The study of combining ability and heterosis effect in hexaploid wheat group was carried out using crosses between thirteen inbred lines of common wheat (6 lines x 7 testers) and inter-species crosses (T. aestivum L. ? T. spelta L., T. aestivum L. ? T. compactum HOST, T. aestivum L. ? T. sphaerococcum PERCIV., T. aestivum L. ? T. macha DEKAPR. et MENABDE, T. aestivum L. ? T. petropavlovskyi UDACZ. et MIGUSCH, T. aestivum L. ? T. vavilovii (THUM.) JAKUBZ.). The 42 common wheat F1 hybrids were tested during two seasons (2010/11 and 2011/12) on the Selection center Ptuj. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications. The 43 interspecies F1 hybrids were tested on the same location in the season 2011/12 and the experiment was designed as an randomized block with three replications. The results were analyzed using statistical package AGROBASE generation II and STATGRAPHICS Centurion XVI. The analysis of variance was significant for both, GCA and SCA variances (P < 0,01). Generally, SCA variances were lower than GCA variances. We could state, that the improvement of heterosis level in the common wheat germplasm through the use of relatives with the same genome (genome BAD) is possible. As an example we can point out the interspecies F1 hybrid between common wheat variety Garcia and an accession of the Triticum sphaerococcum PERCIV. species (accession number 01C0201227).

scholarly journals Diallel Analysis for Area, Chlorophyll and Temperature of Flag Leaf in Bread Wheat under Well Watered and Drought Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Naheif E. Mohamed ◽  
Ismail M. Bedawy ◽  
Yasser A. M. Hefny
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Additive Gene

To study genetic analysis of some physiological traits of drought stress in wheat using diallel techniques, an experiment was performed on ten bread wheat genotypes as parents and their 45 F1 hybrids in a randomized complete block design with three replicates under well-watered and drought stress conditions at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt during season of 2018/19. The results showed significant differences between the genotypes (G), Parents (P), F1 crosses, P vs. F1, GCA and SCA under well-watered and drought stress in the flag leaf area (FLA), flag leaf chlorophyll content (FLCC) and flag leaf temperature (FLT), except FLCC for F1 crosses exhibited insignificant differences. The significant differences were found in the interaction of SCA &times; Env., in all studied traits and GCA &times; Env., for FLT., indicating the involvement of both additive and dominance gene action in their inheritance. The most desirable heterotic effects were considered as the largest positive heterosis estimates for FLA and FLCC, and the lowest negative for FLT. The parent numbers P9, P8 and P3 were the best general combiner for FLA under normal irrigation and drought stress. While the parents P2, P7 and P9 were the best general combiner for FLCC, under normal irrigation and (P1, P2 and P3) under drought stress. Therefor the parents P1, P4 and P5 were the best general combiner for FLT under normal irrigation, also the P3, P4 and P5 were the best general combiner for FLT under drought stress conditions. Under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions as well as the combined data, the additive genetic components of variation (VA) in F1 &rsquo;s was much greater than dominance component (VD), as expressed by the (VA/VD) ratio which was more than unity for the FLA, and FLT under normal irrigation and their combined. This indicates that the additive gene effects in F1 crosses are more important than dominance and plays the major role in the inheritance of these studied traits.

scholarly journals Differential Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
Kamal MIRI-HESAR ◽  
Ali DADKHODAIE ◽  
Saideh DOROSTKAR ◽  
Bahram HEIDARI
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relative Water

Drought stress is one of the most significant environmental factors restricting plant production all over the world. In arid and semi-arid regions where drought often causes serious problems, wheat is usually grown as a major crop and faces water stress. In order to study drought tolerance of wheat, an experiment with 34 genotypes including 11 local and commercial cultivars, 17 landraces, and six genotypes from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was conducted at the experimental station, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran in 2010-2011 growing season. Three different irrigation regimes (100%, 75% and 50% Field Capacity) were applied and physiological and biochemical traits were measured for which a significant difference was observed in genotypes. Under severe water stress, proline content and enzymes’ activities increased while the relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll index decreased significantly in all genotypes. Of these indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and RWC were able to distinguish tolerant genotypes from sensitives. Moreover, yield index (YI) was useful in detecting tolerant genotypes. The drought susceptibility index (DSI) varied from 0.40 to 1.71 in genotypes. These results indicated that drought-tolerant genotypes could be selected based on high YI, RWC and SOD and low DSI. On the whole, the genotypes 31 (30ESWYT200), 29 (30ESWYT173) and 25 (Akbari) were identified to be tolerant and could be further used in downstream breeding programs for the improvement of wheat tolerance under water limited conditions.

scholarly journals Response of Selected Garden Roses to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Cai ◽  
Terri Starman ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Charles Hall ◽  
Leonardo Lombardini
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Substrate Moisture

A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of four garden roses (Rosa ×hybrid L.), ‘RADrazz’, ‘Belinda’s Dream’, ‘Old Blush’, and ‘Marie Pavie’, to drought stress. Plants grown in containers were subjected to two watering treatments, well-irrigated [water as needed: ≈35% substrate moisture content (SMC) at re-watering] and cyclic drought stress (withholding irrigation until plants exhibit incipient wilting: ≈10% SMC, then re-watering to field capacity for subsequent dry down). Shoot growth and flower number were reduced in the drought treatment compared with the well-irrigated plants in all cultivars with least reduction in ‘RADrazz’. Drought stress reduced root growth in ‘Belinda’s Dream’ and ‘Marie Pavie’, whereas there was no difference in root growth in ‘RADrazz’ and ‘Old Blush’. Decreased SMC induced reduction in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), transpiration rate (E), and midday leaf water potential (ψ). Leaf water use efficiency (WUE) increased as SMC decreased in all cultivars. However, the relationship between these physiological parameters and SMC differed among the cultivars. At SMC between 10% and 20%, ‘RADrazz’ had higher Pn, gS, E, and WUE compared with the other three cultivars. Therefore, ‘RADrazz’ was the most drought-tolerant during container production among the cultivars investigated. With lower gas exchange rates and greater reduction in flower number at low SMC, ‘Marie Pavie’ was less drought-tolerant compared with the other three cultivars.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Insights into Potassium-Conferred Drought Stress Tolerance in Cultivated and Tibetan Wild Barley: Differential Osmoregulation, Nutrient Retention, Secondary Metabolism and Antioxidative Defense Capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13100
Author(s):  
Shafaque Sehar ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Adil ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
Paul Holford ◽  
Fangbin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Tibetan Wild Barley ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Activity Enhancement ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Keeping the significance of potassium (K) nutrition in focus, this study explores the genotypic responses of two wild Tibetan barley genotypes (drought tolerant XZ5 and drought sensitive XZ54) and one drought tolerant barley cv. Tadmor, under the exposure of polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress. The results revealed that drought and K deprivation attenuated overall plant growth in all the tested genotypes; however, XZ5 was least affected due to its ability to retain K in its tissues which could be attributed to the smallest reductions of photosynthetic parameters, relative chlorophyll contents and the lowest Na+/K+ ratios in all treatments. Our results also indicate that higher H+/K+-ATPase activity (enhancement of 1.6 and 1.3-fold for shoot; 1.4 and 2.5-fold for root), higher shoot K+ (2 and 2.3-fold) and Ca2+ content (1.5 and 1.7-fold), better maintenance of turgor pressure by osmolyte accumulation and enhanced antioxidative performance to scavenge ROS, ultimately suppress lipid peroxidation (in shoots: 4% and 35%; in roots 4% and 20% less) and bestow higher tolerance to XZ5 against drought stress in comparison with Tadmor and XZ54, respectively. Conclusively, this study adds further evidence to support the concept that Tibetan wild barley genotypes that utilize K efficiently could serve as a valuable genetic resource for the provision of genes for improved K metabolism in addition to those for combating drought stress, thereby enabling the development of elite barley lines better tolerant of abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Stabilitas Hasil Galur Kedelai Toleran Cekaman Kekeringan

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Suhartina Suhartina ◽  
Purwantoro Purwantoro ◽  
Novita Nugrahaeni ◽  
Abdullah Taufiq
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Generative Phase

<p>Soybean in Indonesia mostly is planted on the lowland during dry season. During the season, soybean crops face drought stress at generative phase, that reduces grain yield. Planting of drought tolerance variety is an alternative means to overcome this problem. The objective of this research was to evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of soybean lines tolerant to drought stress. Twelve soybean lines and two check varieties (Wilis and Tidar) were evaluated at eight locations during dry season of 2009 and 2010, planted two times in each location. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. These sites were Mojokerto, Banyuwangi, Pasuruan, and Jombang (East Java), Bantul and Sleman (Yogyakarta), Mataram and Lombok Barat (NTB). No irrigation was added during reproductive phase of the crop. Soil moisture content at 0-20 cm soil layer during the generative phase was equivalent to pF value of 3.0-4.2. Analysis of variance over locations and planting seasons showed that there was significant interaction between genotypes and environments. Among the tested-lines, DV/2984-330 was the only line that showed average stability with high grain yield, averaging of 1.95 t/ha out of its yield potential of 2.83 t/ha. This line showed good adaptability over locations with water shortage (20-30% field capacity) during generative phase. Grain yield of this promising line was 14% higher compared to that of Tidar and 16% higher to that of Wilis. This line is prospective to be released as new variety, possessing drought stress during generative phase.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Potassium Addition on Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Roots Anatomic Properties under Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Wiski Irawan ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Moderate Drought

The availability of water is one of the main limiting factors for oil palm growth and production. Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plants because of its role in controlling metabolic and physiological activities. This study aimed to examine the effect of different K fertilizer doses on root anatomic properties under drought stress. The experiment was arranged in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was drought stress, consisting of three levels of fractions of transpirable soil water (FTSW) (FTSW 1 (control: field capacity); FTSW 0.35 (moderate drought); FTSW 0.15 (severe drought)) and the second factor was K dose (sourced from KCl), consisting of five levels (K0: 0%; K1: 50%; K2: 100%; K3: 150%; K4: 200%). The results showed that there was an interaction between the addition of K doses and the tolerance level of oil palm plants to drought stress. The addition of 100% K gave higher results in the parameters of xylem diameter, phloem diameter and cortex cell width compared to the plants without K. The results disclosed that 200% K application on moderate drought stress and severe drought stress in oil palm seedlings could widen xylem diameter, phloem diameters, strengthen cell such as epidermal cells, cortex cells, thickness of endodermic cells, thickness of sclerenchyma cells and increase hardness of cell compared to field capacity. As for the parameters of thick endodermic cells, stele diameter and sclerenchyma diameter, an addition of 50% K could give higher results.

scholarly journals Leaf Anatomical Adaptation Under Early Drought Stress of Sugarcane Cultivars – KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worasitikulya Taratima ◽  
Thapakorn Ritmaha ◽  
Nakorn Jongrungklang ◽  
Pitakpong Maneerattanarungroj
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Anatomical Adaptation

Abstract Anatomical adaptation is an important feature that allows plants to mitigate drought stress. A comparative leaf anatomy of two drought-tolerant sugarcane cultivars, KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03, was studied in early drought stress between 30 and 90 days after planting using peeling and freehand sectioning methods. KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03 showed different anatomical adaptation features, such as increase in cuticle thickness, bulliform cell size, vascular bundle, and stomatal density, and decreases in leaf thickness and stomatal size. KKU-1999-02 showed more remarkable anatomical changes than KKU-1999-03. The results provide important information that can be applied in combination with other agronomic traits in sugarcane breeding programs to expand the adaptation devices of tolerant cultivars under preliminary drought stress.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF DROUGHT-TOLERANT SOYBEANS AT THE REPRODUCTIVE STAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muchlish Adie ◽  
Ayda Krisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

In Indonesia, soybeans are typically cultivated during the dry season, thus making it prone to drought stress in the reproductive stage. The objective of the research was to characterize the agronomic characters of several soybean genotypes which were tolerant to drought at the reproductive stage. A total of 19 soybean genotypes were evaluated for its agronomic characters and tolerance to drought stress in Probolinggo (East Java, Indonesia) during the dry season (June – September). The research was arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates. Soybean cultivars were sown at two separate experiments, normal/optimal (plants were irrigated during the growth period) and stress (plants were irrigated up to 40 days after planting) conditions. Drought stress during the reproductive stage did not affect the characters of plant height, the number of branches per plant, the number of nodes per plant, and the number of pods per plant. Meanwhile, the number of empty pod, seed weight per plant, and seed yield were significantly affected. There were two genotypes which were identified as the tolerant genotypes to drought stress at the reproductive stage, i.e. MDT15-6-11 and MDT15-W-3034. The agronomic characters of MDT15-6-11 were showed as having a low percentage of yield reduction, hence it was able to mantain its high yield. The MDT15-W-3034 was identified as drought-tolerant due to the slow wilting, high plant character, a slow vegetative phase, and high yields. The genotypes obtained from this study could be recommended to be released as new soybean drought-tolerant varieties due to its high yield and tolerant to drought stress. Those genotypes could also be used as gene donors for soybean improvement to drought stress at the reproductive stage.  

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