Mechanistic Insights into Potassium-Conferred Drought Stress Tolerance in Cultivated and Tibetan Wild Barley: Differential Osmoregulation, Nutrient Retention, Secondary Metabolism and Antioxidative Defense Capacity

Keeping the significance of potassium (K) nutrition in focus, this study explores the genotypic responses of two wild Tibetan barley genotypes (drought tolerant XZ5 and drought sensitive XZ54) and one drought tolerant barley cv. Tadmor, under the exposure of polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress. The results revealed that drought and K deprivation attenuated overall plant growth in all the tested genotypes; however, XZ5 was least affected due to its ability to retain K in its tissues which could be attributed to the smallest reductions of photosynthetic parameters, relative chlorophyll contents and the lowest Na+/K+ ratios in all treatments. Our results also indicate that higher H+/K+-ATPase activity (enhancement of 1.6 and 1.3-fold for shoot; 1.4 and 2.5-fold for root), higher shoot K+ (2 and 2.3-fold) and Ca2+ content (1.5 and 1.7-fold), better maintenance of turgor pressure by osmolyte accumulation and enhanced antioxidative performance to scavenge ROS, ultimately suppress lipid peroxidation (in shoots: 4% and 35%; in roots 4% and 20% less) and bestow higher tolerance to XZ5 against drought stress in comparison with Tadmor and XZ54, respectively. Conclusively, this study adds further evidence to support the concept that Tibetan wild barley genotypes that utilize K efficiently could serve as a valuable genetic resource for the provision of genes for improved K metabolism in addition to those for combating drought stress, thereby enabling the development of elite barley lines better tolerant of abiotic stresses.

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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Drought Stress Responsive microRNAs in Tibetan Wild Barley

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21082795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2795

Author(s):

Cheng-Wei Qiu ◽

Li Liu ◽

Xue Feng ◽

Peng-Fei Hao ◽

Xiaoyan He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Target Genes ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Barley Genotypes

Drought stress is a major obstacle to agricultural production. Tibetan wild barley with rich genetic diversity is useful for drought-tolerant improvement of cereals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in controlling gene expression in response to various environment perturbations in plants. However, the genome-wide expression profiles of miRNAs and their targets in response to drought stress are largely unknown in wild barley. In this study, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought stress hydroponic experiment was performed, and the expression profiles of miRNAs from the roots of two contrasting Tibetan wild barley genotypes XZ5 (drought-tolerant) and XZ54 (drought-sensitive), and one cultivated barley Tadmor (drought-tolerant) generated by high-throughput sequencing were compared. There were 69 conserved miRNAs and 1574 novel miRNAs in the dataset of three genotypes under control and drought conditions. Among them, seven conserved miRNAs and 36 novel miRNAs showed significantly genotype-specific expression patterns in response to drought stress. And 12 miRNAs were further regarded as drought tolerant associated miRNAs in XZ5, which mostly participate in gene expression, metabolism, signaling and transportation, suggesting that they and their target genes play important roles in plant drought tolerance. This is the first comparation study on the miRNA transcriptome in the roots of two Tibetan wild barley genotypes differing in drought tolerance and one drought tolerant cultivar in response to PEG treatment. Further results revealed the candidate drought tolerant miRNAs and target genes in the miRNA regulation mechanism in wild barley under drought stress. Our findings provide valuable understandings for the functional characterization of miRNAs in drought tolerance.

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Response of Tibetan Wild Barley Genotypes to Drought Stress and Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci by Genome-Wide Association Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20030791 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 791

Author(s):

Mian Zhang ◽

Man-Man Fu ◽

Cheng-Wei Qiu ◽

Fangbin Cao ◽

Zhong-Hua Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Dart Markers ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Barley Genotypes

Tibetan wild barley has been identified to show large genetic variation and stress tolerance. A genome-wide association (GWA) analysis was performed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought tolerance using 777 Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers and morphological and physiological traits of 166 Tibetan wild barley accessions in both hydroponic and pot experiments. Large genotypic variation for these traits was found; and population structure and kinship analysis identified three subpopulations among these barley genotypes. The average LD (linkage disequilibrium) decay distance was 5.16 cM, with the minimum on 6H (0.03 cM) and the maximum on 4H (23.48 cM). A total of 91 DArT markers were identified to be associated with drought tolerance-related traits, with 33, 26, 16, 1, 3, and 12 associations for morphological traits, H+K+-ATPase activity, antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble protein content, and potassium concentration, respectively. Furthermore, 7 and 24 putative candidate genes were identified based on the reference Meta-QTL map and by searching the Barleymap. The present study implicated that Tibetan annual wild barley from Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is rich in genetic variation for drought stress. The QTLs detected by genome-wide association analysis could be used in marker-assisting breeding for drought-tolerant barley genotypes and provide useful information for discovery and functional analysis of key genes in the future.

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Bmy1 Intron III Alleles Conferring the Genotypic Variation in β-amylase Activity under Drought Stress Between Tibetan Wild and Cultivated Barley

10.21203/rs.3.rs-790936/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaojian Wu ◽

Huan Wang ◽

Fanrong Zeng ◽

Junmei Wang

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Unique Amino Acid Substitution ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Cultivated Barley ◽

Barley Genotypes

Abstract β-amylase activity is related to the polymorphism of Bmy1 intron III; however, no attention has been given to such relationship under environmental stresses like drought. In this study, 73 cultivated barley genotypes and 52 Tibetan wild barley accessions were used to test the association between Bmy1 gene intron III polymorphisms and β-amylase activity under drought stress. Our results showed that three alleles, Bmy1.a, Bmy1.b and Bmy1.c, existed in the examined barley genotypes. Tibetan wild barley had higher proportion of Bmy1.b, whereas cultivated barley showed higher proportion of Bmy1.a. Impressively, barley genotypes with Bmy1.b showed significant increase in β-amylase activity under drought stress, compared with those with Bmy1.a or Bmy1.c, indicating that Bmy1.b allele might provide more chances for developing barley cultivars with higher β-amylase activity under water stress than both Bmy1.a and Bmy1.c alleles. Furthermore, the Tibetan wild barley XZ147, belonging to Bmy1.b allele type, showed significant higher β-amylase activity than the cultivar Triumph under drought stress. This might result from the unique amino acid substitution M527 or the amino acid composition of R115, D165, A233, S347 and M527 of XZ147.

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The Barley S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase 3 Gene HvSAMS3 Positively Regulates the Tolerance to Combined Drought and Salinity Stress in Tibetan Wild Barley

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9061530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1530

Author(s):

Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed ◽

Umme Aktari Nadira ◽

Cheng-Wei Qiu ◽

Fangbin Cao ◽

Zhong-Hua Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Secretory Protein ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Adenosylmethionine Synthetase

Drought and salinity are two of the most frequently co-occurring abiotic stresses. Despite recent advances in the elucidation of the effects of these stresses individually during the vegetative stage of plants, significant gaps exist in our understanding of the combined effects of these two frequently co-occurring stresses. Here, Tibetan wild barley XZ5 (drought tolerant), XZ16 (salt tolerant), and cultivated barley cv. CM72 (salt tolerant) were subjected to drought (D), salinity (S), or a combination of both treatments (D+S). Protein synthesis is one of the primary activities of the green part of the plant. Therefore, leaf tissue is an important parameter to evaluate drought and salinity stress conditions. Sixty differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) and classified into 9 biological processes based on Gene Ontology annotation. Among them, 21 proteins were found to be expressed under drought or salinity alone; however, under D+S, 7 proteins, including S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 3 (SAMS3), were exclusively upregulated in drought-tolerant XZ5 but not in CM72. HvSAMS3 carries both N-terminal and central domains compared with Arabidopsis and activates the expression of several ethylene (ET)-responsive transcription factors. HvSAMS3 is mainly expressed in the roots and stems, and HvSAMS3 is a secretory protein located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Barley stripe mosaic virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) of HvSAMS3 in XZ5 severely compromised its tolerance to D+S and significantly reduced plant growth and K+ uptake. The reduced tolerance to the combined stress was associated with the inhibition of polyamines such as spermidine and spermine, polyamine oxidase, ethylene, biotin, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, the exogenous application of ethylene and biotin improved the tolerance to D+S in BSMV-VIGS:HvSAMS3-inoculated plants. Our findings highlight the significance of HvSAMS3 in the tolerance to D+S in XZ5.

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Difference in response to aluminum stress among Tibetan wild barley genotypes

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science ◽

10.1002/jpln.201100148 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 174 (6) ◽

pp. 952-960 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Huaxin Dai ◽

Wunian Shan ◽

Jing Zhao ◽

Guoping Zhang ◽

Chengdao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Barley ◽

Aluminum Stress ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Barley Genotypes

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Transcriptome profiling analysis for two Tibetan wild barley genotypes in responses to low nitrogen

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-016-0721-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Quan ◽

Jianbin Zeng ◽

Lingzhen Ye ◽

Guang Chen ◽

Zhigang Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Barley ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Low Nitrogen ◽

Profiling Analysis ◽

Barley Genotypes

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Evaluation of wild barley species as possible sources of drought tolerance for arid environments

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262117000168 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 209-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad Barati ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽

Fateme Mostafavi ◽

Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽

Maryam Safari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Wild Species ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Principal Component ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Barley Genotypes

AbstractIn this study, agro-morphological and yield-related traits associated with drought tolerance in 80 barley genotypes belonging to 15 wild species together with the cultivated one, and their potential to improve adaptation to different levels of drought stress conditions (moisture environments) were studied. There was significant genetic variation among the genotypes and species for all of the measured traits, as well as differential responses of genotypes across environments. The results indicated high variation for grain yield (GY) under drought stress among the genotypes, and that some of the wild genotypes had consistently superior specific adaptation to the water stress conditions. The genotypes belong to wild barley species, especially Hordeum murinum and Hordeum marinum had lower GY but relatively higher yield stability under different environments. Traits such as number of seed per plant and hundred kernel weight were positively correlated with GY in all of the environments. High negative correlation between GY and days to ripening was observed only under intense drought environment, showing drought escape as a strategy of wild plants under highly stressed conditions. Grouping of the genotypes by principal component analysis completely separated cultivated barley and its progenitor (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) from other wild genotypes; however, the other wild species were slightly separated from each other. In addition, the Iranian and foreign genotypes did not completely separate from each other. The identified wild barley genotypes with favourable characters and high drought tolerance could be used in genetic studies and barley improvement programmes especially for drought stress.

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Screening of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cultivars for drought stress based on vegetative and physiological characteristics

International Journal of Food and Allied Sciences ◽

10.21620/ijfaas.2017256-63 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adnan Younis ◽

Atif Riaz ◽

Muhammad Qasim ◽

Farakh Mansoor ◽

Faisal Zulfiqar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Tagetes Erecta ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Cultivar Selection ◽

Tagetes Erecta L ◽

Water Scarce

Drought tolerance is an important genotypic character to be exploited for the plant cultivar selection under water deficit conditions. In the recent study, we examined the response of two marigold cultivars (Inca and Bonanza) under different regimes of drought stress. The aim was to determine the best performing cultivar under water/drought stress. Three irrigation treatments include; 4 days (T1), 6 days (T2) and 8 days (T3) in comparison to control 1 day (T0) interval were imposed. Response characters under study were morphological, physiological and anatomical. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications in two factorial arrangements was followed for experiment layout. The results revealed that increasing water stress adversely affect plant height, in both cultivars. Both cultivars showed a decreasing trend to the number of flowers under water stress. Total chlorophyll contents including a, b were also showed reduction under prolonged drought treatment in both cultivars from (2.7 mg g-1 FW) to (1 mg g-1 FW). Overall, the performance of cultivar (cv.) Inca was satisfactory under water stress regimes. These results are helpful for selecting drought tolerant marigold cultivars in water scarce areas.

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The antioxidative response of two tomato species with different drought tolerances as a result of drought and cadmium stress combinations

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3556-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 57-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

S. Ünyayar ◽

Y. Keleş ◽

F.Ö. Çekiç

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Cadmium Stress ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Tomato Species ◽

Drought Tolerant

The effects of drought, cadmium (Cd) and drought-Cd combinations on antioxidant compounds, antioxidant enzymes and shoot growth were investigated for drought tolerant [Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) Mill.] and sensitive of (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Lukullus) tomato species. Drought-Cd combinations significantly decreased shoot growth in both species (P < 0.01), drought stress also decreased shoot growth in drought sensitive L. esculentum. Cd was accumulated higher in the roots of drought sensitive L. esculentum than drought tolerant L. peruvianum. The chlorophyll contents decreased in all stress treatments in L. esculentum but did not change in L. peruvianum. Carotenoid contents significantly increased in all stress treatments in both species (P < 0.01). Significant increases in the contents of carotenoids in both species under stress conditions seemed to be associated with a protective role against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ascorbate (ASC) content decreased during drought stress while increased under Cd stress. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities significantly increased under drought stress in L. peruvianum while decreased in L. esculentum (P < 0.001). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity decreased under all stress treatments in both species. Drought and Cd stresses increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both species. The present data did not show a relation between drought tolerance and levels of antioxidative defence system that was induced from Cd. However, there is a clear relationship between Cd uptake and drought tolerance of plants.

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