Response of Selected Garden Roses to Drought Stress

A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of four garden roses (Rosa ×hybrid L.), ‘RADrazz’, ‘Belinda’s Dream’, ‘Old Blush’, and ‘Marie Pavie’, to drought stress. Plants grown in containers were subjected to two watering treatments, well-irrigated [water as needed: ≈35% substrate moisture content (SMC) at re-watering] and cyclic drought stress (withholding irrigation until plants exhibit incipient wilting: ≈10% SMC, then re-watering to field capacity for subsequent dry down). Shoot growth and flower number were reduced in the drought treatment compared with the well-irrigated plants in all cultivars with least reduction in ‘RADrazz’. Drought stress reduced root growth in ‘Belinda’s Dream’ and ‘Marie Pavie’, whereas there was no difference in root growth in ‘RADrazz’ and ‘Old Blush’. Decreased SMC induced reduction in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), transpiration rate (E), and midday leaf water potential (ψ). Leaf water use efficiency (WUE) increased as SMC decreased in all cultivars. However, the relationship between these physiological parameters and SMC differed among the cultivars. At SMC between 10% and 20%, ‘RADrazz’ had higher Pn, gS, E, and WUE compared with the other three cultivars. Therefore, ‘RADrazz’ was the most drought-tolerant during container production among the cultivars investigated. With lower gas exchange rates and greater reduction in flower number at low SMC, ‘Marie Pavie’ was less drought-tolerant compared with the other three cultivars.

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Response of Yellow Quality Protein Maize Inbred Lines to Drought stress at Seedling Stage

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy8120287 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 287 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nyasha Chiuta ◽

Charles Mutengwa

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Block Design ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Proline Content ◽

The Other ◽

Quality Protein Maize ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Drought Tolerant

This study seeks to evaluate the response of 17 yellow Quality Protein Maize (QPM) inbred line seedlings to drought stress (DS), using different morphophysiological traits (plant height (PH), chlorophyll content (CC), stem diameter (SD), proline content (Pro), photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PS II), canopy temperature (CT) and substomatal carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times in a growth chamber. The seedlings were exposed to DS treatment by growing them at 20% field capacity. The control/well-watered (WW) treatments were kept at 80% field capacity throughout the experiment. Highly significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed for PH, SD, and Pro across environments. On the other hand, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for CC and PS II, while DS had no significant effects on Ci and CT. Proline content increased under DS compared to WW conditions. Inbred lines L34, L7, L5, L2, L16, and L6 had approximately equal or more Pro than the drought tolerant check (ZM1523). As such, these lines were regarded as drought tolerant. Taking all measured parameters into consideration, L7 performed notably better than the other inbred lines under DS.

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The Arabidopsis Cys2/His2 zinc finger transcription factor ZAT18 is a positive regulator of plant tolerance to drought stress

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erx157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (11) ◽

pp. 2991-3005 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mingzhu Yin ◽

Yanping Wang ◽

Lihua Zhang ◽

Jinzhu Li ◽

Wenli Quan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Zinc Finger ◽

Zinc Finger Protein ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Positive Regulator

Abstract Environmental stress poses a global threat to plant growth and reproduction, especially drought stress. Zinc finger proteins comprise a family of transcription factors that play essential roles in response to various abiotic stresses. Here, we found that ZAT18 (At3g53600), a nuclear C2H2 zinc finger protein, was transcriptionally induced by dehydration stress. Overexpression (OE) of ZAT18 in Arabidopsis improved drought tolerance while mutation of ZAT18 resulted in decreased plant tolerance to drought stress. ZAT18 was preferentially expressed in stems, siliques, and vegetative rosette leaves. Subcellular location results revealed that ZAT18 protein was predominantly localized in the nucleus. ZAT18 OE plants exhibited less leaf water loss, lower content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), higher leaf water content, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities after drought treatment when compared with the wild type (WT). RNA sequencing analysis showed that 423 and 561 genes were transcriptionally modulated by the ZAT18 transgene before and after drought treatment, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that hormone metabolism, stress, and signaling were over-represented in ZAT18 OE lines. Several stress-responsive genes including COR47, ERD7, LEA6, and RAS1, and hormone signaling transduction-related genes including JAZ7 and PYL5 were identified as putative target genes of ZAT18. Taken together, ZAT18 functions as a positive regulator and plays a crucial role in the plant response to drought stress.

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Differential Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb11210390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 266-276

Author(s):

Kamal MIRI-HESAR ◽

Ali DADKHODAIE ◽

Saideh DOROSTKAR ◽

Bahram HEIDARI

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Plant Production ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Relative Water

Drought stress is one of the most significant environmental factors restricting plant production all over the world. In arid and semi-arid regions where drought often causes serious problems, wheat is usually grown as a major crop and faces water stress. In order to study drought tolerance of wheat, an experiment with 34 genotypes including 11 local and commercial cultivars, 17 landraces, and six genotypes from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was conducted at the experimental station, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran in 2010-2011 growing season. Three different irrigation regimes (100%, 75% and 50% Field Capacity) were applied and physiological and biochemical traits were measured for which a significant difference was observed in genotypes. Under severe water stress, proline content and enzymes’ activities increased while the relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll index decreased significantly in all genotypes. Of these indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and RWC were able to distinguish tolerant genotypes from sensitives. Moreover, yield index (YI) was useful in detecting tolerant genotypes. The drought susceptibility index (DSI) varied from 0.40 to 1.71 in genotypes. These results indicated that drought-tolerant genotypes could be selected based on high YI, RWC and SOD and low DSI. On the whole, the genotypes 31 (30ESWYT200), 29 (30ESWYT173) and 25 (Akbari) were identified to be tolerant and could be further used in downstream breeding programs for the improvement of wheat tolerance under water limited conditions.

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Salinity and drought stress effects on foliar ion concentration, water relations, and photosynthetic characteristics of orchard citrus

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9880619 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 619 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

JP Syvertsen ◽

J Lloyd ◽

PE Kriedemann

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Water Potential ◽

Water Relations ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

High Salinity ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Mature Leaves

Effects of salinity and drought stress on foliar ion concentration, water relations and net gas exchange were evaluated in mature Valencia orange trees (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) on Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. (Tri) or sweet orange (C. sinensis, Swt) rootstocks at Dareton on the Murray River in New South Wales. Trees had been irrigated with river water which averaged 4 mol m-3 chloride (Cl-) or with river water plus NaCl to produce 10, 14 or 20 mol m-3 Cl- during the previous 3 years. Chloride concentrations in leaves of trees on Tri were significantly higher than those on Swt rootstock. Foliar sodium (Na+) and Cl- concentrations increased and potassium (K+) concentrations decreased as leaves aged, especially under irrigation with 20 mol m-3 Cl-. Leaf osmotic potential was reduced as leaves matured and also by high salinity so that reductions in leaf water potential were offset. Mature leaves had a lower stomatal conductances and higher water use efficiency than young leaves. After 2 months of withholding irrigation water, leaves of low salinity trees on Tri rootstock had higher rates of net gas exchange than those on Swt rootstock, indicating rootstock-affected drought tolerance. Previous treatment with 20 mol m-3 Cl- lowered leaf area index of all trees by more than 50%, and resulted in greater reserves of soil moisture under partially defoliated trees after the drought treatment. This was reflected in more rapid evening recovery of leaf water potential and less severe reductions in net gas exchange after drought treatment in high salinity trees on Swt rootstock. High salinity plus drought stress increased Na+ content of leaves on Swt, but not on Tri rootstocks. Drought stress had no additive effect, with high salinity on osmotic potential of mature leaves. Thus, the salinity-induced reduction in leaf area appeared to be independent of the Cl- exclusion capability of the rootstock and decreased the effects of subsequent drought stress on leaf water relations and net gas exchange.

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Profiling of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Modification Landscape in Response to Drought Stress in Apple (Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants11010103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Xiushan Mao ◽

Nan Hou ◽

Zhenzhong Liu ◽

Jieqiang He

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Epigenetic Regulation ◽

Epigenetic Modification ◽

Messenger Rnas ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Malus Prunifolia ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

New Directions ◽

Apple Cultivars

Drought stress is a significant environmental factor limiting crop growth worldwide. Malus prunifolia is an important apple species endemic to China and is used for apple cultivars and rootstocks with great drought tolerance. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common epigenetic modification on messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in eukaryotes which is critical for various biological processes. However, there are no reports on m6A methylation in apple response to drought stress. Here, we assessed the m6A landscape of M. prunifolia seedlings in response to drought and analyzed the association between m6A modification and transcript expression. In total, we found 19,783 and 19,609 significant m6A peaks in the control and drought treatment groups, respectively, and discovered a UGUAH (H: A/U/C) motif. In M. prunifolia, under both control and drought conditions, peaks were highly enriched in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and coding sequence (CDS). Among 4204 significant differential m6A peaks in drought-treated M. prunifolia compared to control-treated M. prunifolia, 4158 genes with m6A modification were identified. Interestingly, a large number of hypermethylated peaks (4069) were stimulated by drought treatment compared to hypomethylation. Among the hypermethylated peak-related genes, 972 and 1238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up- and down-regulated in response to drought, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) analyses of differential m6A-modified genes revealed that GO slims related to RNA processing, epigenetic regulation, and stress tolerance were significantly enriched. The m6A modification landscape depicted in this study sheds light on the epigenetic regulation of M. prunifolia in response to drought stress and indicates new directions for the breeding of drought-tolerant apple trees.

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Screening of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cultivars for drought stress based on vegetative and physiological characteristics

International Journal of Food and Allied Sciences ◽

10.21620/ijfaas.2017256-63 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adnan Younis ◽

Atif Riaz ◽

Muhammad Qasim ◽

Farakh Mansoor ◽

Faisal Zulfiqar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Tagetes Erecta ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Cultivar Selection ◽

Tagetes Erecta L ◽

Water Scarce

Drought tolerance is an important genotypic character to be exploited for the plant cultivar selection under water deficit conditions. In the recent study, we examined the response of two marigold cultivars (Inca and Bonanza) under different regimes of drought stress. The aim was to determine the best performing cultivar under water/drought stress. Three irrigation treatments include; 4 days (T1), 6 days (T2) and 8 days (T3) in comparison to control 1 day (T0) interval were imposed. Response characters under study were morphological, physiological and anatomical. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications in two factorial arrangements was followed for experiment layout. The results revealed that increasing water stress adversely affect plant height, in both cultivars. Both cultivars showed a decreasing trend to the number of flowers under water stress. Total chlorophyll contents including a, b were also showed reduction under prolonged drought treatment in both cultivars from (2.7 mg g-1 FW) to (1 mg g-1 FW). Overall, the performance of cultivar (cv.) Inca was satisfactory under water stress regimes. These results are helpful for selecting drought tolerant marigold cultivars in water scarce areas.

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The role of calcium in drought stress response induced through antioxidant activity in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Endah NURWAHYUNI ◽

Eka Tarwaca Susila PUTRA

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Essential Element ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Effects Of Drought

Oil palm productivity in Indonesia faces challenges related to drought that occur during the dry season. Calcium is an element that plays a role in determining the response of plant resistance to drought through biochemical activity. This study aims to determine the contribution of calcium in biochemical mechanisms involving various antioxidants. The treatment was arranged in factorial of 3 x 4 in a split-plot design. The first factor was calcium dosage, which consisted of 0 g (control/without calcium), 0.04 g, 0.08 g, and 0.12 g of calcium per plant. The second factor was the intensity of drought stress, referred as the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water (FTSW) at 1 (control/field capacity), 0.35 (moderate drought), and 0.15 (severe drought) with a week duration of intensity. Calcium was applied in a ring placement on four-month-old seedlings planted in 40 x 40 cm polybags with alfisol soil planting medium and given drought treatment two months later for three weeks. The results showed that calcium could induce plant response to drought through the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration, and the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The study concluded that calcium is an essential element used to reduce the effects of drought on oil palm seedlings through the change of biochemical activities regulated by enzymatic antioxidants.

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Proteins Involved in Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Regulation Associated with Genotypic Variations in Drought Tolerance for Tall Fescue

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs04385-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 207-212

Author(s):

Jianming Sun ◽

Yiming Liu ◽

Xianglin Li ◽

Bingru Huang

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Grass Species ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Oxidative Regulation ◽

Tolerant Genotype ◽

Adaptation To Drought

Protein metabolism plays an important role in plant adaptation to drought stress. The objective of this study was to identify drought-responsive proteins associated with differential drought tolerance for a tolerant genotype (RU9) and a sensitive genotype (RU18) of tall fescue (Lolium arundinacea). Plants of both genotypes were grown under well-watered conditions or subjected to drought stress by withholding irrigation for 12 days in a growth chamber controlled at the optimal growth temperatures of 23/18 °C (day/night). Physiological analysis demonstrated that RU9 was relatively more drought tolerant than RU18, as shown by the higher leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photochemical efficiency at 12 days of drought treatment. Differentially expressed proteins between RU9 and RU18 exposed to drought stress were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS). Several proteins [photosystem I reaction center subunit II, Rubisco small subunit, and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH)] in photosynthesis, respiration, or oxidative regulation exhibited higher abundance in RU9 than RU18 under drought stress. These results suggested the critical importance of energy and oxidative metabolism in tall fescue adaptation to drought stress. Those abundant proteins in the drought-tolerant genotype could be used as biomarkers or developed to molecular markers to develop elite drought-tolerant germplasm in tall fescue and other cool-season perennial grass species.

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Interactions of boron-toxicity, drought, and genotypes on barley root growth, yield, and other agronomic characters

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar00154 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 347 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. K. Yau

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Water Supply ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Boron Toxicity ◽

Agronomic Characters ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Terminal Drought ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Biological Yield

In areas with high levels of soil boron, symptoms of boron (B) toxicity often appear under droughts. This greenhouse study examined the interactions of B-toxicity, drought, and genotypes on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root growth, B-toxicity symptoms, B concentrations of straw, and yield. Plants were grown in tubes 65 cm tall. Three factors were studied: B, water supply, and genotypes. There were 2 B levels, B0 v. B50, in the subsoil (20-60 cm). There were 4 levels of water supply: no drought (control), and early, mid-season, and terminal drought. Two barley lines were compared: Sahara (B-toxicity tolerant) and BOL (drought tolerant, B-toxicity sensitive). Significant B-by-drought interaction was detected in straw B concentration, root growth in subsoil, and straw and biological yield for BOL. Mean root growth in the 40–60-cm soil section was much higher under mid-season drought than under the control. At B50, plants under drought had 1-fold higher straw B concentrations and more B-toxicity symptoms than the control plants. This is the first study to provide data to explain the frequent association of B-toxicity symptoms with droughts in the field. The results clearly showed that tolerance to B-toxicity, as well as drought, is needed in dry areas having high levels of subsoil B.

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DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF Sorghum bicolor. 4. HORMAL CHANGES IN RELATION TO DROUGHT STRESS IN FIELD-GROWN PLANTS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-050 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 317-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T. KANNANGARA ◽

R. C. DURLEY ◽

G. M. SIMPSON ◽

D. G. STOUT

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Water Potential ◽

Leaf Water Potential ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Water Status ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Leaf Water Status ◽

Drought Tolerant

This study was undertaken to investigate the nature of hormonal changes in relation to drought stress in two cultivars of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. Two cultivars, M–35 and NK300, were grown in a field plot protected by a rain shelter. Plants in one soil compartment were stressed by withholding water while those in another (controls) were irrigated frequently. Levels of the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA), phaseic acid (PA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were determined in the youngest leaves of control and stressed plants at intervals throughout the growth cycle. Plant height, senescence, and leaf water status were also determined. Leaf water potential (ψw) and solute potential (ψs) were reduced in both cultivars by drought stress; values for M–35 plants were lower than NK300. Leaf senescence was higher in M–35 plants and was promoted by stress in both cultivars. Cultivar M–35 behaved as a drought-tolerant plant whereas cultivar NK300 behaved more like a drought avoider. ABA levels were higher in M–35 control plants than in corresponding NK300 plants and levels in both cultivars followed seasonal changes in leaf water potential. Under drought stress, ABA levels increased between 1.5 and 2 times in both cultivars with the largest increases occurring during the vegetative stage in M–35 and during the flowering stage for NK300. PA levels in both cultivars were higher in stressed than in control plants. PA levels in M–35 plants were relatively low and constant throughout the life cycle, whereas in NK300, levels were high until shortly before flowering. IAA levels were higher in NK300 than in M–35 plants, particularly during the vegetative stage. Under drought stress, IAA levels were reduced in both cultivars with a more pronounced reduction in NK300. The high level of ABA in the more drought-tolerant cultivar M–35 was associated with low leaf ψw and ψs and high leaf senescence. On the other hand, in the drought avoider, NK300, high levels of IAA and PA were associated with high leaf ψw and ψs. It is concluded that these cultivars, which differ in their response to drought stress, can be distinguished by their leaf hormone levels.

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