Oilseed Rape Yield Performance in the Clearfield® System under Varying Management Intensities

Oilseed rape production is under pressure due to a limited availability of herbicides. Therefore, the performance in terms of management intensity (MI) and herbicide strategy (HS) and the involved yield formation was evaluated in a two-year Clearfield® oilseed rape field experiment. Furthermore, weed density and weed composition were also investigated. The variants of MI were standard sowing density (StS; seed rate: 50 seeds m−2, primary tillage: plow, row width: 12 cm), reduced sowing density (RD; seed rate: 25 seeds m−2, primary tillage: plow, row width: 50 cm), and strip-till (ST; seed rate: 25 seeds m−2, primary tillage: strip tillage, row width: 50 cm). The variants of HS were preemergence strategy (PES; application of dimethachlor, napropamide, clomazone in preemergence and application of prapaquizafop in postemergence) and Clearfield® strategy (CLS; application of imazamox, quinmerac in preemergence, no postemergence herbicide application). In the first year of the trial, there were no interactions between the factors in terms of grain yield. Grain yield in StS was 3.85 t and 5.2% significantly lower than in ST, and the value of RD was not significantly different from StS and ST. Grain yield in CLS was 3.7 t and 2.7% lower than in PES. In the second year of the trial, the grain yield in ST CLS was significantly lower, and there were no significant differences between the other variants. Higher weed emergence was observed in CLS RD (2.7 to 4 times higher weed density compared to PES RD) and CLS ST (2.8 to 4.5 times higher weed density compared to PES ST). No significant differences existed between StS PES and StS CLS in both trial years. The Clearfield® system offers significant advantages in the control of cruciferous weeds. Although these did not occur on the trial fields, the Clearfield® system in this study showed to be an alternative to the more common pre-emergence system, especially with regard to the parameter grain yield.

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Oat (Avena sativa) yield and grain fill responses to varying agronomic and weather factors

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000320 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

C. P. McCabe ◽

J. I. Burke

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Seasonal Effects ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Seed Rate ◽

Panicle Number ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Yield Formation

Abstract Factorial experiments were carried out on spring- and winter-sown oat crops in Ireland in 2016–2019 to identify plant responses in yield formation and grain filling procedures. Two cultivars (Husky and Keely), three seed rates (250, 350 and 450 seeds/m2), six applied nitrogen (N) rates (40, 70, 100, 130, 160 and 190 kg N/ha) with a plant growth regulator (PGR) were examined in spring and winter sowings, using the same cultivars at five rates of applied N (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 kg N/ha). The applied N rate and seed rate significantly (P < 0.05) modified the yield components determining grains/m2 in spring- and winter-sown crops with increases in panicle number of key importance. Increases were also observed in the proportion of primary grain by weight (0.9–1.6%) and number (0.7–1.4%) ratios in spring-sown crops in response to applied N rate, with winter-sown crops exhibiting a more consistent pattern of grain fill. Seed rate and PGR application had minor effects on yield components and panicle conformation. Grain fill procedures played an important role in the maximization of grain yield under seasonal conditions. Significant positive correlations were observed between the number of aborted grain sites and yield under drought conditions (0.22), with negative associations observed in near-optimal conditions (−0.22 to −0.41). Agronomic effects on grain site abortion were minimal in comparison with seasonal effects. In seasons characterized by cool, consistent conditions, grain yield was maximized by the utilization of all available grain sites. Where assimilate shortages were encountered during grain fill the abortion of grains sites was positively associated with grain yield.

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MINIMUM TILLAGE NON-PUDDLED TRANSPLANTED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.): WEED CONTROL AND ECONOMICS UNDER CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE PRACTICE IN BANGLADESH

Acta Scientifica Malaysia ◽

10.26480/asm.02.2021.47.55 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 47-55

Author(s):

Mohammad Mobarak Hossain ◽

Mahfuza Begum ◽

Abul Hashem ◽

Md. Moshiur Rahman ◽

Richard W. Bell

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Crop Production ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Weed Density ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Strip Tillage ◽

Rice Residues

Crisis of agricultural laborers in South Asia’s rural zones is pushing to pursue a labor-saving conservation agriculture strategy for crop production and weed control. Non-puddled transplanting and mulching residues of the previous crop are being developed for rice-based cropping systems in Bangladesh to address this issue. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of strip tillage vs. conventional tillage combined with previous rice residues relative to herbicides and hand weeding on weed control and grain yield of winter rice during January-May in 2015 and 2016. Rice cv. BRRI dhan28 was transplanted with a combination of six treatments: puddled conventional tillage (CT)+3 hand weeding (HW) (Control); Preplant (PRE) herbicide (glyphosate)+non-puddled strip tillage (ST)+1HW; PRE+ST+pre-emergence (PE) herbicide (pendimethalin); PRE+ST+post-emergence (PO) herbicide (ethoxysulfuron-ethyl); PRE+ST+PE+PO; PRE+ST+weed-free (WF); and two levels of rice residues: no-residue (R0) vs. 50% standing residue (R50). The CT had done using a two-wheel tractor (2WT) by four ploughings and cross ploughings followed by levelling. A Versatile Multi-Crop Planter (VMP) was used for ST in a single pass operation. Over the two years, PRE+ST+PE+PO reduced weed density by 40% in the first year and 50% in the second year and weed biomass by 70% than CT+3HW in both years. Retention of 50% residue reduced weed density by 20% and biomass by 34%. The highest grain yield (12% higher than CT+3HW without residue) was obtained from PRE+ST+WF with 50% residue, while the highest BCR (47% higher over CT+3HW without residue) was obtained from PRE+ST+PE+PO with 50% residue.

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Performance of Pre- and Post-emergence herbicides in strip tillage Non-puddled transplanted Aman rice

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v42i4.35791 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 631-646

Author(s):

T Zahan ◽

MM Rahman ◽

A Hashem ◽

RW Bell ◽

M Begum

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Economic Return ◽

Weed Density ◽

Effective Combination ◽

Wide Range ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Strip Tillage ◽

Density And Biomass

A study was conducted on transplanted aman rice (cv. BINA dhan-7) in strip-tilled non-puddled field with some commonly used rice herbicides (pre-emergence: pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and butachlor, early post-emergence: orthosulfamuron and late post-emergence: acetochlor + bensulfuron methyl, butachlor + propanil and 2,4-D amine) applied singly or in sequences during 2013 and 2014 at field laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of those herbicides on weeds as well as growth and yield of aman rice in strip-tilled non-puddled condition. The study showed that herbicides significantly reduced weed density by 75-94% in 2013 and 46-98% in 2014 compared to the weedy check. Sole application of pre- or early post-emergence herbicide provided less weed control than sequential application of pre-, early post- and late post-emergence herbicides or application of pre- and late post-emergence herbicides. A wide range of sequential application of herbicide treatments has identified in the study that provided control on weed density and biomass by 49-98% and 56-95%, respectively. Application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by orthosulfamuron and butachlor + propanil was the most effective combination in this new rice establishment condition that controlled all types of weeds successfully and provided maximum grain yield (5.42 t ha-1 in 2013 and 6.18 t ha-1 in 2014) with highest economic return (Tk. 55930 ha-1 in 2013 and Tk. 69057 ha-1 in 2014). The study suggests economically beneficial some combinations of currently used herbicides for strip-tlled non-puddled transplanted aman rice that may help farmers to choose and rotate in the same land yearwise for obtaining optimum yield.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 631-646, December 2017

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Effect of Sunflower Residues and Herbicide on Weed Suppression, Grain Yield and Economics of Transplanted Aman Rice

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v23i1.50116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 47-58

Author(s):

SS Tanu ◽

P Biswas ◽

S Ahmed ◽

SC Samanta

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Weed Density ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Environmentally Sound

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali from July 2018 to November 2018 to evaluate the effect of sunflower residues and herbicides on the yield and economic performance of transplanted Aman rice. Weed control methods tested were T1 = weedy check (Unweeded control), T2 = Weed-free check by hand weeding twice, T3 = Pendimethalin, T4 = Pretilachlor, T5 = Butachlor, T6 = Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T7 = Bensulfuron methyl + Acetachlor, T8 = Bispyriback sodium, T9 = 2,4-D amine, T10 = MCPA, T11 = Sunflower residues, T12 = Sunflower residues + 100% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T13 = Sunflower residues + 75% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T14 = Sunflower residues + 50% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with fourteen treatments replicated thrice. Weedy check registered significantly the highest total weed density (354.67 m-2) and total weed dry matter (51.81 g-2) while weed-free treatment by hand weeding twice recorded significantly the lowest total weed density (6.67 m-2) and total weed dry matter 0.49 g-2) . Weedy check produced the highest weed index (34.24%) and hand weeding produced the lowest. Among different herbicides applied alone, butachlor had the lowest total weed density (15 m-2) and total weed dry matter (6.43 g-2) after hand weeding. Hand weeding recorded the highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to pendimethalin, pretilachlor, butachlor, bensulfuron methyl + acetachlor and sunflower residues + 100% pyrazosulfuron ethyl. Higher grain yield was attributed to a higher number of panicle m-2, number of filled grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. The highest gross margin (22955 Tk. ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (1.32) were obtained from butachlor. Integration of sunflower residues with pyrazosulfuron ethyl produced effective weed suppression and satisfactory yield comparable to butachlor. Although the integration is less profitable than butachlor the farmers can use this technology as a feasible and environmentally sound approach in transplanted Aman rice field. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 47-58

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Features of maize grain yield formation depending on tillage method and herbicide application on common chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia

Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University ◽

10.21515/1999-1703-70-68-75 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (70) ◽

pp. 68-75

Author(s):

Alexander Naydenov ◽

◽

Svetlana Terehova ◽

Sergey Gudov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Tillage Method ◽

Yield Formation ◽

Western Ciscaucasia

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Interference of Three Annual Grasses with Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00025343 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 245-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Brenda S. Smith ◽

Don S. Murray ◽

J. D. Green ◽

Wan M. Wanyahaya ◽

David L. Weeks

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Grass Species ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Yield Data ◽

Weed Density ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Wide Row Spacing

Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, and Texas panicum were evaluated in field experiments over 3 yr to measure their duration of interference and density on grain sorghum yield. When grain yield data were converted to a percentage of the weed-free control, linear regression predicted a 3.6% yield loss for each week of weed interference regardless of year or grass species. Grain sorghum grown in a narrow (61-cm) row spacing was affected little by full-season interference; however, in wide (91-cm) rows, interference increased as grass density increased. Data from the wide-row spacing were described by linear regression following conversion of grain yield to percentages and weed density to log10. A separate nonlinear model also was derived which could predict the effect of weed density on grain sorghum yield.

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Poultry Litter, Biochar, and Fertilizer Effect on Corn Yield, Nutrient Uptake, N2O and CO2 Emissions

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments6050055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Karamat R. Sistani ◽

Jason R. Simmons ◽

Marcia Jn-Baptiste ◽

Jeff M. Novak

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

First Year ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Biomass Yields ◽

Corn Productivity

Biochar holds promise as a soil amendment with potential to sequester carbon, improve soil fertility, adsorb organic pollutants, stimulate soil microbial activities, and improve crop yield. We used a hardwood biochar to assess its impact on corn (Zea mays) grain, biomass yields and greenhouse gas emission in central Kentucky, USA. Six treatments included as follows: control (C) with no amendment applied; poultry litter (PL); biochar (B); biochar + poultry litter (B + PL); fertilizers N-P-K (F); and biochar + fertilizers (B + F). Biochar was applied only once to plots in 2010 followed by rototilling all plots. Only PL and fertilizer were applied annually. When applied alone, biochar did not significantly increase dry matter, grain yield, and N-P-K uptake. There was also no significant difference between the combined treatments when compared with PL or F applications alone. We observed a slight increasing trend in corn grain yield in the following 2 years compared to the first year from biochar treatment. Poultry litter treatment produced significantly greater N2O and CO2 emissions, but emissions were lower from the B+PL treatment. We conclude that this biochar did not improve corn productivity in the short term but has potential to increase yield in the long term and may have some benefit when combined with PL or F in reducing N2O and CO2 emissions.

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Yield response in chickpea cultivars and wheat following crop rotations affecting population densities of Pratylenchus thornei and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp13441 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 428 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. A. Reen ◽

J. P. Thompson ◽

T. G. Clewett ◽

J. G. Sheedy ◽

K. L. Bell

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Yield Response ◽

First Year ◽

Pratylenchus Thornei ◽

Tolerance Indices ◽

Chickpea Cultivars

In Australia, root-lesion nematode (RLN; Pratylenchus thornei) significantly reduces chickpea and wheat yields. Yield losses from RLN have been determined through use of nematicide; however, nematicide does not control nematodes in Vertosol subsoils in Australia’s northern grains region. The alternative strategy of assessing yield response, by using crop rotation with resistant and susceptible crops to manipulate nematode populations, is poorly documented for chickpea. Our research tested the effectiveness of crop rotation and nematicide against P. thornei populations for assessing yield loss in chickpea. First-year field plots included canola, linseed, canaryseed, wheat and a fallow treatment, all with and without the nematicide aldicarb. The following year, aldicarb was reapplied and plots were re-cropped with four chickpea cultivars and one intolerant wheat cultivar. Highest P. thornei populations were after wheat, at 0.45–0.6 m soil depth. Aldicarb was effective to just 0.3 m for wheat and 0.45 m for other crops, and increased subsequent crop grain yield by only 6%. Canola, linseed and fallow treatments reduced P. thornei populations, but low mycorrhizal spore levels in the soil after canola and fallow treatments were associated with low chickpea yield. Canaryseed kept P. thornei populations low throughout the soil profile and maintained mycorrhizal spore densities, resulting in grain yield increases of up to 25% for chickpea cultivars and 55% for wheat when pre-cropped with canaryseed compared with wheat. Tolerance indices for chickpeas based on yield differences after paired wheat and canaryseed plots ranged from 80% for cv. Tyson to 95% for cv. Lasseter and this strategy is recommended for future use in assessing tolerance.

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