scholarly journals Varying Effects of Organic Waste Products on Yields of Market Garden Crops in a 4-Year Field Experiment under Tropical Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Falilou Diallo ◽  
Samuel Legros ◽  
Karamoko Diarra ◽  
Frédéric Feder
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Market Gardening ◽  
Fertilisation Treatment

Controlling organic and mineral fertilisation is a major concern in tropical environments. An experiment was conducted on an arenosol in the Dakar region, the main market gardening area of Senegal, to evaluate treatments commonly used by farmers. Seven treatments were repeated three times: A mineral fertilisation (MF) treatment based on N-P2O5-K2O (10-10-20), and three organic treatments at two doses (dried sewage sludge (SS), poultry litter (PL) and a digestate from an anaerobic digestion (AD) of cow manures). Each of the organic treatments were supplemented with a normal dose (1) and a double dose (2) of mineral N and K fertiliser. A lettuce, carrot and tomato rotation was grown in four campaigns (2016–2020) on all of the plots. Yields of all three crops in all of the organic treatments were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to the MF in all four campaigns, except for the yield of the lettuce crop under treatment PL-2 in campaigns 2 and 3. The tomato yields were statistically similar under all of the organic treatments in all four campaigns. In contrast, the yields of the lettuce and carrot crops differed statistically from each other and under the different organic treatments in all four campaigns. The yields of all three crops differed in the campaigns with the fertilisation treatment. In each campaign, the yields of each crop were not correlated with the total amounts of N, P and K applied. These differences or similarities in yields are explained by the nature of the organic waste products, the accumulation of nutrients after several applications, the type of crop and interannual differences in temperature.

scholarly journals Predicting Mineral N Release during Decomposition of Organic Wastes in Soil by Use of the SOILN_NO Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine A. Sogn ◽  
Lars Egil Haugen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
N Release

In order to predict the mineral N release associated with the use of organic waste as fertilizer in agricultural plant production, the adequacy of the SOILN_NO model has been evaluated. The original thought was that the model calibrated to data from simple incubation experiments could predict the mineral N release from organic waste products used as N fertilizer on agricultural land. First, the model was calibrated to mineral N data achieved in a laboratory experiment where different organic wastes were added to soil and incubated at 15°C for 8 weeks. Secondly, the calibrated model was tested by use of NO3 −leaching data from soil columns with barley growing in 4 different soil types, added organic waste and exposed to natural climatic conditions during three growing seasons. The SOILN_NO model reproduced relatively well the NO3 −leaching from some of the soils included in the outdoor experiment, but failed to reproduce others. Use of the calibrated model often induced underestimation of the observed NO3 −leaching. To achieve a satisfactory simulation of the NO3 −leaching, recalibration of the model had to be carried out. Thus, SOILN_NO calibrated to data from simple incubation experiments in the laboratory could not directly be used as a tool to predict the N-leaching following organic waste application in more natural agronomic plant production systems. The results emphasised the need for site- and system-specific data for model calibration before using a model for predictive purposes related to fertilizer N value of organic wastes applied to agricultural land.

Target and Nontarget Screening of PFAS in Biosolids, Composts, and Other Organic Waste Products for Land Application in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Munoz ◽  
Aurélia Marcelline Michaud ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Sung Vo Duy ◽  
Denis Montenach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Nontarget Screening

Effect of dietary energy intake during pregnancy on liveweight gain and backfat gain of primiparous sows kept in an outdoor system under tropical conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
R. H. Santos Ricalde ◽  
I. J. Lean
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Dietary Energy Intake ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Feeding Resources ◽  
The Tropics

Energy requirements for maintenance in pregnant sows increase when they are kept outdoors under temperate climates in comparison to indoors. However, there is little information on the energy requirements of breeding sows kept outdoors in tropical environments. Knowledge about the correct feeding management for pregnant sows kept outdoors will optimise the utilisation of feeding resources available in the tropics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of energy level supply during pregnancy on backfat change and liveweight change of primiparous sows kept outdoors under tropical conditions.

scholarly journals Recycling of nutrients with application of organic waste in degraded pasture

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane de A. Silva ◽  
Adriana M. da Costa ◽  
Regina M. Q. Lana ◽  
Ângela M. Q. Lana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Degraded Pasture

The utilization of organic wastes represents an alternative to recover degraded pasture. The experiment aimed to assess the changes caused by the provision of different organic waste (poultry litter, turkey litter and pig manure) in a medium-textured Oxisol in Brazilian Savanna under degraded pasture. It was applied different doses of waste compared to the use of mineral fertilizers and organic mineral and evaluated the effect on soil parameters (pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) and leaf of Brachiariadecumbens (crude protein, phosphorus and dry mass production). It was observed that application of organic waste did not increase the level of soil organic matter and pH in the surface layer, and the application of turkey litter caused acidification at depths of 0.20-0.40 m and 0.40-0.60 m. There was an increase in P and K in the soil with the application of poultry litter and swine manure. All organic wastes increased the productivity of dry matter and crude protein and phosphorus. The recycling of nutrients via the application of organic waste allows efficiency of most parameters similar to those observed with the use of mineral sources, contributing to improving the nutritional status of soil-plantsystem.

scholarly journals Chloroquine Is Grossly Overdosed and Overused but Well Tolerated in Guinea-Bissau

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Ursing ◽  
Poul-Erik Kofoed ◽  
Amabelia Rodrigues ◽  
Yngve Bergqvist ◽  
Lars Rombo
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Low Prevalence

ABSTRACT High chloroquine doses are commonly prescribed in Guinea-Bissau. Double-dose chloroquine has been shown to be more efficacious (92% efficacy) than the standard dose (80% efficacy). However, chloroquine is toxic when overdosed, and it was not known if the high doses prescribed in Guinea-Bissau were taken or whether they caused adverse effects. We aimed to determine the dosage of chloroquine commonly prescribed, the doses commonly taken, and whether concentration-dependent adverse events occurred in routine practice. Chloroquine prescriptions by eight physicians and chloroquine intake by 102 children were recorded. Chloroquine intake and adverse events were assessed by questioning. Chloroquine concentrations in whole blood were measured. The median total chloroquine dose prescribed and that reportedly taken were 81 and 77 mg kg−1, respectively. The total dose was usually split into two to three daily doses of 6.6 mg kg−1 each. These were taken unsupervised for a median of 5 days. Forty percent of the study children had chloroquine concentrations in the same range as those found in a previous study in which double the normal dose (50 mg kg−1) of chloroquine was taken. Only 3/102 children had Plasmodium falciparum in the blood at the time of diagnosis and treatment. No severe adverse events were reported. No adverse events were associated with higher chloroquine concentrations. High doses of chloroquine are commonly taken and well tolerated in Guinea-Bissau. Malaria diagnostics are poor, and chloroquine is commonly prescribed to children without parasitemia. Use of high-dose chloroquine is concurrent with an exceptionally low prevalence of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum.

Nitrogen dynamics of pastures: nitrogen fixation inputs, the impact of legumes on soil nitrogen fertility, and the contributions of fixed nitrogen to Australian farming systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Peoples ◽  
J. A. Baldock
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Experimental estimates of amounts of foliage nitrogen (N) fixed in Australian pastures range from 2 to 284 kg N/ha.year for annual and perennial legumes growing in temperate and tropical environments. Differences in the amounts of N2 fixed relate primarily to the legume content and net productivity of pastures. On average, close to 20–25 kg of shoot N are fixed for every tonne of legume herbage dry matter produced across a wide range of environments. Strategies likely to improve the potential for N2 fixation include: (i) rhizobial inoculation at time of first sowing a new legume species; (ii) amelioration of nutritional problems (applications of superphosphate or lime); (iii) manipulation of pasture composition (herbicide applications to remove grasses in annual pastures in the year prior to cropping); and (iv) including lucerne to offset the year-to-year variability in N2 fixation inputs from annual legumes. However, pasture response to such management treatments and the subsequent availability of soil mineral N may be modified by livestock effects on nutrient cycling, pasture productivity and botanical composition. Conclusions about the relative size of the contributions of fixed N to the N economies of Australian farming systems depend on whether or not estimates of fixed N are included for nodulated roots. Thus residual net inputs of fixed N after each year of a legume-based pasture are generally rated sufficient to balance the N removed by at least 1 subsequent wheat crop provided estimates of below-ground N are included in calculations. Pasture type influences the duration of subsequent rotational benefits and while residual effects on mineral N are commonly exhausted within 2 years after an annual legume-based pasture phase, N carry-over following lucerne generally lasts considerably longer.

Effect of combined fatigue and hygrothermal loading on structural properties of E-glass/polymers

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (18) ◽  
pp. 3382-3392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhineet Saini ◽  
Rahul Chhibber ◽  
A Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Structural Tests

The paper discusses the potential ingress and combined effect of moisture and temperature on pre-fatigued glass fibre-reinforced polymers standard test specimens. An experimental investigation was conducted to analyse the behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced polymers’ in environmental conditions similar to that of tropical environments. The standard pre-fatigued glass fibre-reinforced polymers specimens were subjected to varying hygrothermal conditions: three different temperatures, i.e. natural bath, 45 ℃ and 55 ℃ to study the degradation in strength and related properties. Several macro-structural and micro-structural tests were conducted to determine the damage. The effect of these conditions on characteristics such as diffusivity, weight gain, resin volume fraction, conductivity and deterioration of ultimate tensile strength was determined. The maximum reduction in strength is found to be approximately 39% for the specimen exposed to 55 ℃ water bath for 60 days. This study shall be helpful in estimating the characteristics of glass fibre-reinforced polymers composites subjected to cyclic fatigue loads in the tropical conditions.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PANAS PADA DINDING KOMPOR GASIFIKASI BIOMASSA UNTUK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK DC MENGGUNAKAN THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Dian Hadi Armansyah
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Generator System ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Biomass Stove

The stove is one technology that plays an important role in the utilization of energy at the household scale. The biomass stove studied was a blower system gasification stove. In the blower system, oxygen entering the combustion chamber flows continuously according to the needs of combustion. In this biomass gasification stove study, researchers will also use the biomass stove wall or thermal energy into kinetic energy for grinding blowers and charging systems. This study aims to obtain fuel by utilizing biomass or organic waste as biomass stove fuel and get the energy driving the blower and charging system by utilizing a thermoelectric generator system. biomass stoves used in this study use the principle method of Top-Lif Up Draft (T-LUD) Gasifier, a type of gasifier that matches the characteristics of biomass that has high volatile matter, where the stove is designed intended for biomass fuel from agricultural waste products and industry, boiling 1 kg of water is done using wood chips by varying the area of ​​the air flow door, which is 50%, 75%, and 100%. Can be analyzed Comparison of the performance of the biomass cooker stove and the power generated by the thermoelectric generator, at each door width of the air flow results are different, this is due to the mass of fuel consumption and fire temperature. After calculating the highest thermal efficiency results obtained in the area of ​​50% air flow ventilation and obtained power generated 1.83 watts with 100% ventilation flow door area using wood chips.

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