scholarly journals Absorption and Distribution of Calcium (45Ca) Applied to the Surface of Orange (Citrus sinensis) Fruits at Different Developmental Stages

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Claudia Bonomelli ◽  
Victoria Fernández ◽  
Franco Capurro ◽  
Carola Palma ◽  
Ximena Videla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Ca Transport ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the rate of absorption and transport of calcium (Ca) in orange fruits (Citrus sinensis cv. Fukumoto) after surface treatment with 45Ca was evaluated by supplying treatments at different dates between fruit set and mid-phase II of growth (i.e., 30, 44, 66 and 99 days after full bloom, DAFB). 45Ca absorption was always detected, but 45Ca application at the fruit set was associated with the highest rates of Ca transport into the pulp (39%) compared to the other treatments (17–19%). Scanning electron microscopy SEM) images of the fruit surface showed the occurrence of stomata along with the entire rind at all the developmental stages evaluated. However, from the beginning of stage I, stomata began to collapse and develop plugs, and this became frequent as the fruit age increased. From 44 DAFB, oil gland density increased, and Ca oxalates (CaOx) were found in the fruit flavedo and albedo. Fruit Ca (not labeled) concentration increased from fruit set (30 DAFB) to 99 DAFB, although oil gland formation and rind growth and differentiation likely hindered Ca transport to internal fruit tissues (pulp). The total Ca concentration in the pedicel was always higher than that in the fruit, with no differences between the first three treatments. The information obtained in this study may be essential for improving Ca fertilizer efficacy in citrus by spray applications.

Micromanipulation by Miniature Robots in a SEM Vacuum Chamber

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohmi Fuchiwaki ◽  
◽  
Hisayuki Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Operation ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Miniature Robots ◽  
Robot Cooperation ◽  
Small Robot ◽  
Focus Point ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, we describe flexible micromanipulation organized by insect size robots in scanning electron microscopy. Small robots composed of piezo elements and electromagnets move in the SEM chamber with submicron resolution. They manipulate small objects in cooperation with each other. As a basic operation, one small robot, which has a sliding microtable transports samples at the SEM focus point precisely and this sliding table can be also positioned by the other small robot's manipulation. This two-robot cooperation provides x-y accurate positioning at any location within the chamber. On the sample table, a small robot with a micromanipulator handles small objects for picking up and putting down. The operator controls each robot easily with real-time monitoring of SEM images. This cooperation of small robots in SEM provides flexible, accurate microprocessing performance with low cost.

A comparison of air-shear and electrostatic spray technology with a conventional air-blast sprayer to thin apples

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Oakford ◽  
KM Jones ◽  
SA Bound ◽  
L O'Rielly
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Electrostatic Spray

Red Delicious apple trees at Spreyton in northwest Tasmania were thinned with ethephon using an air-shear-electrostatic sprayer (low volume: 100 or 200 L/ha with or without electrostatics) or a commercial air-blast sprayer (high volume: 2000 or 4000 L/ha). Treatments were applied at 2 and 10 days after full bloom. Also included were an unsprayed control and a hand-thinned treatment (15-20 days after full bloom). Carbaryl + Thiram was also applied 3 times (20, 32 and 40 days after full bloom) using the same spray treatments. All dosage rates were equilibrated to apply the same amount of active ingredient/ha. The spray treatments thinned fruit more than the controls when compared for fruit number and all size variables measured except percentage of fruit >80 mm. There were significant differences for fruit number between the hand-thinned, 4000 L/ha high volume and 200 L/ha air-shear treatments, and all the remaining treatments. This applied to both total numbers of fruit set or numbers of fruit hand-thinned at 80-90 days after full bloom. This late hand-thinning had the effect of evening up the fruit size but the control still had significantly smaller fruit than all the other treatments due to the larger number of fruit carried through to hand-thinning.

scholarly journals The Influence of Laser Defocusing in Selective Laser Melted IN 625

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3447
Author(s):  
Alexandru Paraschiv ◽  
Gheorghe Matache ◽  
Mihaela Raluca Condruz ◽  
Tiberius Florian Frigioescu ◽  
Ion Ionică
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Melting Depth ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Pool Shape ◽  
Melt Pool ◽  
Melt Pool Size ◽  
Scanning Electron

Laser defocusing was investigated to assess the influence on the surface quality, melt pool shape, tensile properties, and densification of selective laser melted (SLMed) IN 625. Negative (−0.5 mm, −0.3 mm), positive (+0.3 mm, +0.5 mm), and 0 mm defocusing distances were used to produce specimens, while the other process parameters remained unchanged. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the melt pools generated by different defocusing amounts were used to assess the influence on the morphology and melt pool size. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile testing, and the bulk density of the parts was measured by Archimedes’ method. It was observed that the melt pool morphology and melting mode are directly related to the defocusing distances. The melting height increases while the melting depth decreases from positive to negative defocusing. The use of negative defocusing distances generates the conduction melting mode of the SLMed IN 625, and the alloy (as-built) has the maximum density and ultimate tensile strength. Conversely, the use of positive distances generates keyhole mode melting accompanied by a decrease of density and mechanical strength due to the increase in porosity and is therefore not suitable for the SLM process.

Effect of distance from Williams' Bon Chretien pollinator on production of Packham's Triumph pears in the Goulburn Valley

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (41) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
A Selimi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
The One

The effects of distance from pollen source, and of seasonal and orchard conditions, on performance of Packham's Triumph pears were studied in five orchards in the Goulburn Valley for three years-1965 to 1967. In nearly all situations and years the fruit set, fruit numbers, and fruit seed content, were higher on trees 6 metres from the pollen source (Williams' Bon Chretien) than of trees farther away. Performance varied between seasons and from orchard to orchard. The date and duration of flowering in pears varies considerably between seasons. An overlap of full bloom was found between Josephine de Malines, Packham's Triumph, and Winter Nelis on the one hand and between Williams' Bon Chretien and Beurre Bosc on the other. Although there was not an exact overlap in full bloom between Williams' Bon Chretien and Packham's Triumph, the spread in the duration of blooming of these two cultivars was quite sufficient for a mutual cross-pollination effect.

Stinging apparatus of apoid wasps and bees as never seen before

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Syed Najeer E Noor Khadri ◽  
Rabiya Begum
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Hunting Behavior ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Ampulex Compressa ◽  
Scanning Electron

The stinging apparatus is expected to vary depending on the type of prey taken and the way it is carried in apoid wasps and the purpose of defense it serves in bees. To understand the differences in sting morphology, members of two apoid wasp families (Ampulicidae and Crabronidae) and a bee family (Halictidae) were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope images of lancets revealed tooth like projections on dorso-lateral aspect in Ampulex compressa (Fabricius, 1781) and blunt barbs on the lancets of Liris aurulentus (Fabricius, 1787) and Tachysphex bengalensis Cameron, 1889 whereas, in Halictus fimbriatellus Vachal, 1894 barbs are arranged in two rows on lancet, which includes four barbs on one side and three barbs on the other side of lancet which are not acutely pointed. The SEM images also indicated the presence of campaniform sensilla on the lancets of compressa. These findings help us to know the possible relationships of hunting behavior and modification of the sting in accordance.

Synthesis of Zeolite X from Bentonite via Hydrothermal Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Suphada Srilai ◽  
Worapak Tanwongwal ◽  
Kobchai Onpecth ◽  
Thanapat Wongkitikun ◽  
Kollayut Panpiemrasda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zeolite X ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Zeolite X were successfully synthesized from bentonite from Lopburi province, in Thailand using the two-step of hydrothermal method under optimum condition without calcination. The first step of hydrothermal were obtained at 200 °C for 3 h to remove unreacted impurity minerals such as quartz and muscovite. The secondary step of hydrothermal were obtained at 90 °C for 120 h for synthesis of zeolite X. The characterization of zeolite X were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The crystal structure of product was determined as zeolite X by XRD. The morphology of SEM images for zeolite X is octahedral shape. FTIR spectra are in accordance with the other characterization results.

scholarly journals Degradation of polymers by fungi isolated from dumpsites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Bashir ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Shams ◽  
Syed Ehteshamul-Haque ◽  
Faizah Urooj ◽  
Hafiza Farhat
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Formation Of Cracks ◽  
Degraded Polymer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The present study aims at identifying the ability of nine fungal species, which were isolated from garbage of different sites to degrade commonly used polymers, viz. polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyurethane when treated with four methods separately, viz., sterilized and unsterilized drench methods, sterilized and unsterilized mulching methods for four months. All the species considerably degraded the polymers by the above-mentioned methods. However, polystyrene demonstrated the greatest degradation compared to the other two polymers, particularly by sterilized and unsterilized drench methods. Seven fungal species caused greater than 50% weight loss of polystyrene when treated with the above-mentioned methods. Aspergillus flavus instigated the greatest weight loss (74.78 ± 2.85%) by the unsterilized drench method. Of nine, three species caused more than 50% weight loss of polyurethane by the unsterilized drench method. A. niger divulged greater than 50% weight loss of the polymer by sterilized drench method. In this study, polyethylene was found least degraded compared to polystyrene and polyurethane by the selected fungal species. Of nine, only two species, viz. Aspergillus flavus and A. niger caused a higher than 50% weight loss of polyethylene only by sterilized drench method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of six elevated degraded polymer samples were taken to reveal the formation of spores and hyphae on the surface of the plastic. The images demonstrated the formation of cracks and crevices on the surface of different polymers by spores and the fungal hyphae.

scholarly journals Abscisic acid as a potential chemical thinner for peach

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 989-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Antônio Giovanaz ◽  
Daniel Spagnol ◽  
Josiane Bartz ◽  
Mateus da Silveira Pasa ◽  
Fabio Clasen Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Lignin Deposition

Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid, applied at different rates and different fruit developmental stages, on the thinning of 'Chiripá' peach. Abscisic acid (ABA) at 500 mg L-1 was applied at three stages of fruit development based on lignin deposition: stage 1, at 24 days after full bloom (DAFB); stage 2, at 40 DAFB; and stage 3, at 52 DAFB. Only ABA application at stage 2 - 40 DAFB - reduced fruit set and the number of fruit per plant. Three ABA concentrations (350, 500, and 750 mg L-1) were then applied at 40 DAFB. All rates increased fruit ethylene production and fruit abscission.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHYLL SET (GA3 + NAA) ON FRUIT SET, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF CITRUS.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1114f-1114
Author(s):  
Makki A. Al-Khafaji ◽  
M. M. Musalat
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Local Cultivars

Application of Phyll set (G A3 + NAA) on whole trees of local cultivars of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) and lemon (C. Limon Burmann) at full bloom stage was made during 1988 and 1989 seasons. All concentrations of Phyll set (12, 24 and 48 mg/l) increased fruit set and yield of sweet orange. Lemon yields were increased only at 12 mg/l Phyll set. The use of Phyll set as a new growth regulator for improved fruit quality will be discussed.

Effects of pruning on flowering, yield and fruit quality in mango (Mangifera indica)

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yeshitela ◽  
P. J. Robbertse ◽  
P. J. C. Stassen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Early Maturing

The effects of 7 pruning treatments were studied in 2 mango cultivars (‘Keitt’ and ‘Tommy Atkins’) in the Hoedspruit region of the Northern Province of South Africa. Trees that received panicle pruning (during full bloom) treatment at the point of attachment were observed to be induced for synchronised re-flowering, and also attained early fruit set and more fruit per panicle than the other panicle pruning treatments. Trees on which renewal pruning (early in the season when fruits were on the tree) as well as postharvest pruning treatments were applied, have been observed for development of adequate number of productive inflorescences per season in an early-maturing cultivar, Tommy Atkins. Postharvest pruning treatments also resulted in significant increase of postharvest vegetative growth in both cultivars. Promising improvement in yield could be expected after the second season from panicle pruning in Tommy Atkins. The fruit quality, especially with regard to total soluble solids (TSS), was also greatly improved due to the applications of renewal and postharvest pruning treatments. Inflorescence removal together with apical whorl of leaves subtending the inflorescence had adverse effects for the various parameters studied in both cultivars.

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