scholarly journals Influence of Different Photoperiod and Temperature Regimes on Growth and Bulb Quality of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawaad Atif ◽  
Bakht Amin ◽  
Muhammad Imran Ghani ◽  
Sikandar Hayat ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
H 30

Growth and bulb development in garlic is affected considerably by variations in photoperiod and temperature thereby influencing its morphology, physiology, and nutritive quality. Varied combinations of photoperiods and temperatures may influence the bulb development and quality, and can determine the suitability of a cultivar for a particular region. Experiments were conducted to study the impact of different photoperiod and temperature combinations on the growth, morpho-physiology, and nutritive quality of garlic bulb. Three garlic cultivars viz; G103, G024, and G2011-5 were exposed to different combinations of photoperiod (8 h/16 h, 10 h/14 h, 12 h/12 h, 14 h/10 h, 16 h/8 h (light/dark)) and temperature (20 °C/15 °C, 25 °C/18 °C, and 30 °C/20 °C). Results revealed that longer photoperiod (14 h or 16 h) and higher temperature (25 °C or 30 °C) treatments significantly improved the garlic bulbing imparting maximum bulb diameter, height, bulbing index, and the shortest growth period. Whereas, 12-h photoperiod had maximum bulb weight. In addition, total soluble solid (TSS), content of soluble protein, soluble sugar, total sugar, glucose, sucrose, fructose, starch, total phenols, and total flavonoids increased significantly because of 14-h photoperiod and 30 °C temperature condition, however exhibited decline with 8 h photoperiod and lowest temperature (20 °C). These alterations were related to bulb characteristics and bulbing index. Maximum plant standing height and pseudostem diameter of the garlic plant were observed at 20 °C. Additionally, plants under the combination of 14 h–30 °C had maximum fresh weight, bulb diameter, shortest growth period, maximum physiological and nutritive quality traits of the bulb, while as 12 h–30 °C combinations resulted in maximum bulb weight and 16 h–30 °C had maximum bulb height. Among cultivars cv. G103 showed best response to tested photoperiod and temperature combinations in terms of morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes studied, except for bulbing index which was maximum in cv. G024. Present study concludes the influence of photoperiod and temperature combinations on garlic growth and bulbing characteristics through the modulations induced in soluble protein, sugars, and phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Influence of soluble content losses on the ability of aerobic fungi to improve the nutritional content of pre-treated forages

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
K. R. Idowu ◽  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
J. Dolfing ◽  
V. O. A. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
The Impact

Fungal improvement of the nutritive content of low-quality forages can be affected by several factors among which loss of water-soluble content (WSC) plays a major role. To achieve this aim, two growth conditions i.e. forage-liquid ratios (1:3 and 1:5) and two inoculation times (14 and 28 days) were used to cultivate the selected fungi i.e. Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) at 30°C and Ceriporiopsis rivulosus (CR) at 20°C on Brachiaria decumbens (BD), Andropogon gayanus (AG), Triticum aestivum (TA) straw, Lolium perenne (LP), respectively with the view of selecting the optimal conditions that facilitate the release of WSC. The impact that losses of WSC have on the ability of fungi to improve the nutritive content (i.e. proximate, fibre, secondary metabolites and total antioxidant content) of the forages were then measured using 2 filtering methods i.e. light pump filtering method (LFM) and free flow filtering method (FFM). The optimal conditions that supported increased th soluble was identified as 28th day for both fungi; forage-liquid ratio of 1:5 for both fungi in most of the forages except BD (CR) and BD & AG (PO). The LFM led to lesser or no improvement in the nutritive quality of the upgraded forages while the opposite was recorded with the LFM. The LFM as against the FFM produced upgraded forages with lesser reduction in NDF; similar or higher ADF and lignin contents; and similar reduction in secondary metabolites and TAC when compared with un-improved forages. It can be concluded that the fungal improvement of the nutritive content of low-quality forages was negatively affected by the loss of WSC. It is therefore recommended that fungal improvement of the nutritive quality of low quality forages should be carried out with methods or techniques that facilitates little or no WSC loss in the upgraded forages.

scholarly journals Variation in Morphological and Quality Parameters in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb Influenced by Different Photoperiod, Temperature, Sowing and Harvesting Time

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawaad Atif ◽  
Bakht Amin ◽  
Muhammad Imran Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Zhihui Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
Garlic Bulb ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Higher Temperature

Photoperiod (light) and temperature as abiotic factors having significant impact on the garlic bulb morphology and quality. In various bulb plants including garlic, bulbing is affected by photoperiod, temperature, sowing date and the plant age. In this backdrop experiments were performed to understand the effect of different photoperiods (10 h/14 h, 12 h/12 h and 14 h/10 h (light/dark)), temperatures (25 °C/18 °C and 30 °C/20 °C (light/dark)), sowing dates (D0801: 1st August, D0901: 1st September and D1001: 1st October) and plant ages (A80, A60 and A40: 80, 60 and 40 days after planting) on garlic cultivars viz; G103, G024 and G2011-5. Parameters including morphological (plant height, fresh weight and pseudostem diameter), bulb attributes (diameter, weight, height and bulbing index), growth period and bulb quality related traits (total soluble solid (TSS), contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, total sugar, glucose, sucrose, fructose, starch, total phenol and total flavonoid) were assayed. Longer photoperiod (14 h), higher temperature (30 °C), early sowing (D0801) and maximum plant age (A80) had maximum morphological and bulb quality related traits for cv. G103. These results showed that early sowing, maximum plant age, longer photoperiod and higher temperature are important for garlic bulb formation and quality. Moreover, the regulation of garlic bulb morphology and quality is achievable over the switch of sowing date, plant age, light and growth temperature.

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur on the Growth and Qualities of Bunching Onion

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Cheng Liu ◽  
Jun Ling Li ◽  
Shi Wei Song ◽  
Guang Wen Sun ◽  
Ri Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Bunching Onion ◽  
Better Than

Effects of nitrogen and sulphur [N3.75S0.35 (N 3.75 mmol/L, S 0.35mmol/L), N3.75S4.2(N 3.75 mmol/L, S 4.2mmol/L), N7.5S1.4(N 7.5 mmol/L, S 1.4mmol/L), N22.5S0.35(N 22.5 mmol/L, S 0.35mmol/L)] on the growth and quality of in bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L. var. caespeitosum Makino) were studied in hydroponics, in which the solution was Hoagland's. The results showed that the growth of bunching onion in N7.5S1.4 treatment was better than in other treatments. With nitrogen increasing, the growth of bunching onion enhanced at the same sulphur level, and the growth of bunching onion enhanced by sulphur increase at the same nitrogen level. Concentrations of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid in N7.5S1.4 treatment were highest. With nitrogen and sulphur increasing, concentration of soluble protein and nitrate in bunching onion increased. While concentration of soluble sugar decreased with nitrogen increased.

scholarly journals Effects of Mixing Hyperaccumulated Straw and Phosphate Rock Powder on Cd Content in Chinese Cabbage

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01111
Author(s):  
Xian Luo ◽  
Fafu Deng ◽  
Zheng Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Rock Powder ◽  
Siegesbeckia Orientalis ◽  
Nitrite Content

In this paper, hyperaccumulator straw (Solanum nigrum L., Amaranthus chinense L., and Siegesbeckia orientalis L.) and phosphate rock powder were selected as materials, a pot experiment was used to study the effects of three compounding modifiers on the growth, nutritional quality and cadmium (Cd) content of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that: (1) The combination of Siegesbeckia orientalis + phosphate rock powder can significantly promote the growth of Chinese cabbage, while Solanum nigrum + phosphate rock powder and Amaranthus chinense + phosphate rock powder have no effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage. (2) The combination of Solanum nigrum and phosphate rock powder increased the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and VC in shoots of Chinese cabbage by 64.33%, 16.27% and 2.2%, respectively, and the nitrite content decreased by 34.58%, which improved the quality of Chinese cabbage. (3) Different compounding modifiers can significantly reduce the Cd content in shoots of Chinese cabbage, and the reduction of Solanum nigrum + phosphate rock powder is the largest, reaching 61.29%. In conclusion, all three modifiers can improve the nutritional quality and reduce the Cd content in the shoots of Chinese cabbage, and Solanum nigrum + phosphate rock powder has the best effect.

scholarly journals Daytime, Not Nighttime, Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Exposure Improves Plant Growth and Leaf Quality of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songmei Shi ◽  
Yuling Qiu ◽  
Miao Wen ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Xingshui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
The Impact

Almost all elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2) studies have not addressed the potential responses of plant growth to different CO2 in daytime and nighttime. The present study was to determine the impact of daytime and/or nighttime eCO2 on growth and quality of mulberry (Morus alba L.), a perennial multipurpose cash plant. Six-month-old mulberry seedlings were hence grown in environmentally auto-controlled growth chambers under four CO2 concentrations: (1) ambient CO2 (ACO2, 410 μmol mol–1 daytime/460 μmol mol–1 nighttime), (2) sole daytime elevated CO2 (DeCO2, 710 μmol mol–1/460 μmol mol–1), (3) sole nighttime elevated CO2 (NeCO2, 410 μmol mol–1/760 μmol mol–1), and (4) continuous daytime and nighttime elevated CO2 (D + NeCO2, 710 μmol mol–1/760 μmol mol–1). Plant growth characteristics, nutrient uptake, and leaf quality were then examined after 120 days of CO2 exposure. Compared to control, DeCO2 and (D + N)eCO2 increased plant biomass production and thus the harvest of nutrients and accumulation of leaf carbohydrates (starch, soluble sugar, and fatty acid) and N-containing compounds (free amino acid and protein), though there were some decreases in the concentration of leaf N, P, Mg, Fe, and Zn. NeCO2 had no significant effects on leaf yield but an extent positive effect on leaf nutritional quality due to their concentration increase in leaf B, Cu, starch, and soluble sugar. Meanwhile, (D + N)eCO2 decreased mulberry leaf yield and harvest of nutritious compounds for silkworm when compared with DeCO2. The reason may be associated to N, P, Mg, Fe, and Zn that are closely related to leaf pigment and N metabolism. Therefore, the rational application of mineral nutrient (especially N, P, Fe, Mg, and Zn) fertilizers is important for a sustainable mulberry production under future atmosphere CO2 concentrations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Drying and Storage on the Quality of Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) Bulbs

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Rohimah Handayani Sri Lestari ◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Aziz Purwantoro
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Post-harvest handling in shallot such as drying of bulbs can influence its quality during and after storage. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of drying and storage treatment on the quality of shallot bulbs during 12 weeks of storage . The study was carried out in Samiran hamlet, Parangtritis village, Bantul district, Special Region of Yogyakarta and Crop Science Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, from June until November 2016. It was arranged in factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) and consisted of two factors. The first was the drying treatments: drying the bulbs on the field and on woven bamboo nets both plastic covered and uncovered. The second was the storage treatments: storing the bulbs in the farmer’s warehouse (31,030C±0,04 and RH of 60,50%±0,28), in air-conditioned room (22,40oC± 0,02 and RH of 61,60%±0,09), and at room temperature (30,47oC±0,03 and RH of 60,50%±0,12). Each treatment combination was replicated three times as blocks. The results showed that water content of all treatments were changing followed by fluctuating of the total soluble solid throughout the storage period while bulb firmness tended to decrease. Bulbs which were stored in air-conditioned rooms showed the highest percentage of sprouted bulbs, vigor index and germination rate than other treatments. Meanwhile, drying treatment did not give significant influence.          

scholarly journals Mobilization of reserves and vigor of soybean seeds under desiccation with glufosinate ammonium

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Maria Luzia Delgado ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros de Coelho ◽  
Gesieli Priscila Buba
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality

Abstract: The physiological quality of seeds depends on the cellular organization and their capacity to mobilize reserves. The goal of this study was to assess the germination and vigor of soybeans seeds of Benso1RR and NA 5909 RG cultivars from desiccated plants or not, by mobilizing reserves. Cultivars from desiccated plants or not, by mobilizing reserves. The plants were desiccated with glufosinate ammonium (GLA) in reproductive stage R7.1 or not (TST). The physiological seed quality was assessed by germination tests, accelerated aging and seedling length. For the mobilization of reserves were assessed within 48 hours of soaking: phytate, protein and soluble sugar contents. In 48 hours of soaking, seeds from desiccated plants in cultivar NA 5909 RG showed lower mobilization of soluble protein and soluble sugar, reflecting low vigor seedlings compared to their controls. For cultivar Benso1RR, in 48 hours of soaking, the application of GLA did not affect the mobilization of soluble protein when compared to control and did not differ as to vigor. It is concluded that the use of the desiccant has negatively influenced the mobilization of soluble protein and soluble sugar for cultivar NA 5909 RG, reflecting a low percentage of germination and low vigor.

scholarly journals SOLUBLE PROTEIN AS INDICATIVE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SOYBEAN SEEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANDERLÉIA MATHIAS ◽  
CILEIDE MARIA MEDEIROS COELHO ◽  
JAQUELINI GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Biochemical Components

ABSTRACT After physiological maturity, the seed is physiologically independent of the plant, and responds to climatic variations that can decrease its vigor, which is dependent on the cultivar. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vigor of soybean cultivars and identify the biochemical components that have the greatest contribution to the maintenance of the physiological quality of the seeds after physiological maturity. The experiment was conducted in Fraiburgo, SC, Brazil, during the 2015/2016 crop season, using four soybean cultivars NA 5909 RG, BMX Ativa RR, BMX VanguardaIPRO, and NS 5959 IPRO. The seed physiological quality and the biochemical composition were evaluated at the phenological stages R7, R7+5 days, R7+10 days (R8), and R7+20 days. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test) and the means were compared by the Tukey's test (p<0.01). The seed biochemical composition and physiological quality were correlated using multivariate statistics. The germination of the seeds decreased 6% after physiological maturity up to R7+20 days. This decrease in vigor was dependent on the cultivar; NA 5909 RG decreased 3%, and BMX Ativa RR and NS 5959 IPRO decreased 7%. The biochemical components soluble protein, phytate, soluble sugar, and lipids decreased as a function of the harvest times, indicating the beginning of the process of seed quality loss. The maintenance of seed vigor after physiological maturity was dependent on the cultivar. The soluble protein content can be used as an indicator of the maintenance of physiological quality of soybean seeds after R7.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

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