Immune Responses of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer to Dietary Glycyrrhiza uralensis

To understand the impacts of dietary Glycyrrhiza uralensis on the immune responses of Lates calcarifer, the expression of immune-related genes including crp, c-3, c-4, mtor, mlst-8, eif4e, hsp-70, hsp-90, il-8il-8, il-10, tgfβ1, tnf, ifn-γ1, and mxf in L. calcarifer juveniles was evaluated in this study. Fish were fed experimental diets with G. uralensis levels of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% for 56 days. The results showed that dietary G. uralensis could improve the growth and survival of L. calcarifer and regulate the immune-related genes’ expression in L. calcarifer. Dietary G. uralensis significantly upregulated the expression level of crp, mtor, hsp-90, c-3, and c-4 genes in the liver of L. calcarifer, while hsp-70 gene expression was nearly downregulated. It did not upregulate the expression of elf4e and mlst-8 in the 1% and 3% inclusion groups, but it was the exact opposite in the 5% inclusion group. G. uralensis significantly affected the expression of il-8, il-10, tnf, ifn-γ1, mxf, and tgfβ1 in the head kidney of L. calcarifer. G. uralensis upregulated the expression of tnf and tgfβ1 consistently, but ifn-γ1 was at a low expression level. The expression of il-8 and il-10 was upregulated in the 1% group, while it was downregulated in the 5% group. The results from the present study indicate that dietary G. uralensis appeared to improve the immune function of L. calcarifer, and the optimum inclusion level should be between 1–3%.

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Insect larvae, Hermetia illucens in poultry by-product meal for barramundi, Lates calcarifer modulates histomorphology, immunity and resistance to Vibrio harveyi

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53018-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Md Reaz Chaklader ◽

Muhammad A. B. Siddik ◽

Ravi Fotedar ◽

Janet Howieson

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

Lates Calcarifer ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Stress Related Genes ◽

Immune Related Genes ◽

Different Levels

Abstract This study investigated the effects of replacement of fishmeal (FM) with poultry by-product (PBM) protein, supplemented with black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae on growth, histomormhology, immunity and resistance to Vibrio harveyi in juvenile barramundi. Two hundred and twenty five barramundi averaging 3.51 ± 0.03 g were randomly allocated into three groups and fed isonitrogenous and isocalorific diets containing different levels of PBM supplemented with HI as follows: Control (FM based diet), 45PBM + HI (45% PBM supplemented with 10% HI), and 90PBM + HI (90% PBM supplemented with 10% HI) for 6 weeks. Results showed that dietary inclusion of 45PBM + HI significantly improved the growth performance than control whereas growth inhibition occurred in the 90PBM + HI. The 45PBM + HI groups demonstrated significant increases in histometric measurements (villus and enterocyte width, and microvilli height) and acidic mucins. The impaired growth in 90PBM + HI groups was further associated with multifocal necrosis in the liver, an upregulation of the stress related genes (HSP70 and HSP90) and increase in the levels of liver enzymes. When 45PBM + HI was fed, survival against V. harveyi increased significantly and also an increase in serum immunity and immune-related genes in the head kidney was observed after infection.

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Immunological adjuvant effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis saponins on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.10.040 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 1914-1920 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Hong-Xiang Sun ◽

Hang-Jun Pan

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽

Adjuvant Effect

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Acute acidification stress weakens the head kidney immune function of juvenile Lates calcarifer

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 225 ◽

pp. 112712

Author(s):

Zhengyi Fu ◽

Jian G. Qin ◽

Zhenhua Ma ◽

Gang Yu

Keyword(s):

Immune Function ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Lates Calcarifer

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Effects of Bacillus spp. Mixture on Growth, Immune Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Resistance of Nile Tilapia Against Streptococcus agalactiae Infection

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins ◽

10.1007/s12602-021-09845-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hien Van Doan ◽

Eakapol Wangkahart ◽

Wipavee Thaimuangphol ◽

Paiboon Panase ◽

Nantaporn Sutthi

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Immune Related Genes

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Effects of different illumination levels on Zooplankton abundance, feeding periodicity, growth and survival of the Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), fry in illuminated floating nursery cages

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/s0044-8486(97)00167-1 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 157 (3-4) ◽

pp. 227-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Armando C. Fermin ◽

Glendell A. Seronay

Keyword(s):

Sea Bass ◽

Zooplankton Abundance ◽

Lates Calcarifer ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Asian Sea Bass ◽

Feeding Periodicity

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Alteration of the phagocytosis and antimicrobial defense of Octodonta nipae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) pupae to Escherichia coli following parasitism by Tetrastichus brontispae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485318000780 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 248-256

Author(s):

E. Meng ◽

J. Li ◽

B. Tang ◽

Y. Hu ◽

T. Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Expression Level ◽

Primary Immune Response ◽

Mrna Expression Level ◽

E Coli

AbstractAlthough parasites and microbial pathogens are both detrimental to insects, little information is currently available on the mechanism involved in how parasitized hosts balance their immune responses to defend against microbial infections. We addressed this in the present study by comparing the immune response between unparasitized and parasitized pupae of the chrysomelid beetle, Octodonta nipae (Maulik), to Escherichia coli invasion. In an in vivo survival assay, a markedly reduced number of E. coli colony-forming units per microliter was detected in parasitized pupae at 12 and 24 h post-parasitism, together with decreased phagocytosis and enhanced bactericidal activity at 12 h post-parasitism. The effects that parasitism had on the mRNA expression level of selected antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of O. nipae pupae showed that nearly all transcripts of AMPs examined were highly upregulated during the early and late parasitism stages except defensin 2B, whose mRNA expression level was downregulated at 24 h post-parasitism. Further elucidation on the main maternal fluids responsible for alteration of the primary immune response against E. coli showed that ovarian fluid increased phagocytosis at 48 h post-injection. These results indicated that the enhanced degradation of E. coli in parasitized pupae resulted mainly from the elevated bactericidal activity without observing the increased transcripts of target AMPs. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune responses of a parasitized host to bacterial infections.

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The Early Immune Response of Lymphoid and Myeloid Head-Kidney Cells of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Stimulated with Aeromonas salmonicida

Fishes ◽

10.3390/fishes7010012 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Fabio Sarais ◽

Ruth Montero ◽

Sven Ostermann ◽

Alexander Rebl ◽

Bernd Köllner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Gene Expression Pattern ◽

Myeloid Cells ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Cell Subpopulations ◽

Immune Related Genes ◽

Head Kidney Cells

The teleost head kidney is a highly relevant immune organ, and myeloid cells play a major role in this organ’s innate and adaptive immune responses. Because of their complexity, the early phases of the innate immune reaction of fish against bacteria are still poorly understood. In this study, naïve rainbow trout were stimulated with inactivated A. salmonicida and sampled at 12 h, 24 h and 7 d poststimulation. Cells from the head kidney were magnetically sorted with a monoclonal antibody mAB21 to obtain one (MAb21-positive) fraction enriched with myeloid cells and one (MAb21-negative) fraction enriched with lymphocytes and thrombocytes. The gene expression pattern of the resulting cell subpopulations was analysed using a panel of 43 immune-related genes. The results show an overall downregulation of the complement pathway and cytokine production at the considered time points. Some of the selected genes may be considered as parameters for diagnosing bacterial furunculosis of rainbow trout.

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Physiological and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei undergoing the acute phase of the necrotizing hepatopancreatitis disease and after being treated with oxytetracycline and FF

Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research ◽

10.3856/vol44-issue3-fulltext-12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 535-545

Author(s):

Luis R. Martínez-Córdova ◽

Teresa Gollas-Galván ◽

Estefanía Garibay-Valdez ◽

Rocío Valenzuela-Gutiérrez ◽

Marcel Martínez Porchas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Clotting Protein ◽

Immune Related Genes ◽

Shock Proteins

The physiological and immune responses of adult shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) undergoing the acute phase of the necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP) disease and the efficiency of oxytetracycline (OXI) and florfenicol (FF) to eliminate the pathogen were evaluated. Four shrimp groups were considered: three groups infected with necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHP-B) (two treated with antibiotics and a positive control) and one group non-infected (negative control). Hemolymph concentration of glucose, lactate, acylglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, aminotransferases, superoxide dismutase, and the transcriptional expression of several immune related genes were monitored at the acute phase of the disease, and at 15 and 20 days after administration of antibiotics (daa). Shrimp from the positive control registered a mortality of 100%. NHP-B infection affected the immu-nophysiological response of shrimp; herein, most of the parameters were significantly up regulated in infected shrimp before the use of antibiotics, compared to the negative control. Increased transcriptional levels of clotting protein, lipopolysaccharide and β-1-3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), serine protease, peroxinectin, lysozyme, heat shock proteins (HSP) 60 and 70 were detected in shrimp treated with OXI. At 20 daa NHP-B was still detected in FF-treated shrimp, but not in OXI-treated shrimp. It is hypothesized that despite none of the antibiotics per se eliminated the bacterium, both had a negative effect on its virulence. OXI seems to have a greater effect, allowing shrimp to integrate a better immune response at 15 daa.

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