scholarly journals Animal Welfare and Meat Quality Assessment in Gas Stunning during Commercial Slaughter of Pigs Using Hypercapnic-Hypoxia (20% CO2 2% O2) Compared to Acute Hypercapnia (90% CO2 in Air)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2440
Author(s):  
Sophie Atkinson ◽  
Bo Algers ◽  
Joaquim Pallisera ◽  
Antonio Velarde ◽  
Pol Llonch
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Hypercapnic Hypoxia ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This study assessed aversion, stunning effectiveness, and product quality of nitrogen and carbon dioxide (CO2) mixtures used for stunning pigs. A total of 1852 slaughter pigs divided into two similar batches was assessed during routine slaughter in a Swedish commercial abattoir using either hypercapnic-hypoxia (20% CO2 and less than 2% O2; 20C2O) or hypercapnia (90% CO2; 90C) gas mixtures. Behavioral indicators of aversion and discomfort were recorded. After exposure, the stunning quality was assessed through brainstem reflexes. After slaughter, the pH and electric conductivity of carcasses were assessed to estimate the incidence of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) pork, and the presence of ecchymosis were inspected. Compared to 90C, pigs exposed to 20C2O showed a later (p < 0.05) onset of behaviors indicative of aversion, and a lower (p < 0.01) incidence of breathlessness. However, unconsciousness (i.e., losing posture) appeared earlier (p < 0.01) in 90C compared to 20C2O. In 90C, all (100%) pigs were adequately stunned, whereas in 20C2O a 7.4% of pigs showed signs of poor stunning, especially when oxygen concentrations were >2% (p < 0.001). The percentage of PSE carcasses was higher (p < 0.01) in 20C2O than 90C. In conclusion, compared to 90C, 20C2O reduced aversion and discomfort but showed lower stun effectiveness, especially when O2 was above 2%, and a slightly poorer pork quality.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Laser Vulvovaginal Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Tassahil Messas ◽  
Achraf Messas ◽  
George Kroumpouzos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Erbium:Yag Laser ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Level I ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) causes significant symptomatic aggravation that affects the quality of life (QoL). Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), the hallmark of GSM, is managed with topical non-hormonal therapy, including moisturizers and lubricants, and topical estrogen application. Patients not responding/being unsatisfied with previous local estrogen therapies are candidates for a noninvasive modality. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy, especially the fractionated type (FrCO2), has drawn considerable attention over the past two decades as a non-invasive treatment for GSM. This systematic review describes the accumulated evidence from 40 FrCO2 laser studies (3466 participants) in GSM/VVA. MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched through April 2021. We analyze the effects of FrCO2 laser therapy on symptoms, sexual function, and QoL of patients with GSM/VVA. As shown in this review, FrCO2 laser therapy for GSM shows good efficacy and safety. This modality has the potential to advance female sexual wellness. Patient satisfaction was high in the studies included in this systematic review. However, there is a lack of level I evidence, and more randomized sham-controlled trials are required. Furthermore, several clinical questions, such as the number of sessions required that determine cost-effectiveness, should be addressed. Also, whether FrCO2 laser therapy may exert a synergistic effect with systemic and/or local hormonal/non-hormonal treatments, energy-based devices, and other modalities to treat GMS requires further investigation. Lastly, studies are required to compare FrCO2 laser therapy with other energy-based devices such as erbium:YAG laser and radiofrequency.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Hydrocarbon Composition of Natural Gas from GMS (Gas Metering Station) in PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Rostyanesia Rostyanesia ◽  
Salmahaminati Salmahaminati ◽  
Putri Dwinanda Vidya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
The Many ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Main Material

Natural gas of GMS (Gas Metering Station) is an important component that must be analyzed routinely in PT. Fertilizer Sriwidjaja because it is the main material used in addition to Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor in the manufacture of ammonia. The quality of natural gas will affect the ammonia and urea fertilizer product. The purpose of this research is to know the composition of hydrocarbons and to know the level of H2S gas in natural gas which is contained in GMS pipes. Determination of H2S levels was performed to find out the many catalysts used in the manufacture of ammonia gas.In determining the hydrocarbon composition, the first gas sample is taken using Stainless Steel Cylinder Tube. After the gas filled tube it was analyzed using GC (Gas Chromatography) and  it will know the hydrocarbon composition of GMS. As for the determination of H2S level, the gas sample taken as much as 30 L through gas spreader and inserted into erlenmeyer with 10% Cd Acetate and NaOH. Subsequently, 1% PADAS (N, N-Dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine sulphate) and FeCl3 were added. After the solution changed to blue color then analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer in 660 nm wavelength.The results obtained are nitrogen-containing natural gas and various hydrocarbon components: methane, hexane, carbon dioxide, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, i-pentane, and n-pentane with H2S 2,954 ppm with the largest composition of methane 85.89%. The results have been in accordance with the standards used in the Pusri Industry which apply the provision that the natural gas used should contain methane with concentrations greater than 70% 

scholarly journals Exergetic analysis of the transcritical cycle of an bottle cooler operating with CO2

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Igor Marcel Gomes Almeida ◽  
Cleiton Rubens Formiga Barbosa ◽  
Francisco De Assis Oliveira Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Expansion Valve ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Natural Refrigerant ◽  
The Impact

The second law of thermodynamics deals with the quality of energy. More specifically, it is concerned with the degradation of energy during a process, the entropy generation, and the lost opportunities to do work; and it offers plenty of room for improvement. This paper aims to identify key factors that affect refrigeration system performance with CO2. Due to the impact of global warming of CFC´s and HFC's, the use of natural refrigerants has received worldwide attention. The natural refrigerant, carbon dioxide (CO2/R744) is promising for use in cooling systems, especially in the transcritical cycle. An exergetic analysis through the cycle of a bottle cooller (exposer) adapted for commercial use with carbon dioxide was carried out so that the effectiveness of the system components can be estimated and classified, allowing direct efforts to improve performance of components to the transcritical cycle. The analysis revealed that the compressor and expansion valve are the largest sources of losses in the system, and therefore, efforts should focus on improving these components.

scholarly journals Einfluß des MHS-Genotyps auf die Mast- und Schlachtleistung von Piétrainschweinen und PI x DL-Mastendprodukten in der Stationsprüfung

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
W. Wittmann ◽  
K.-U. Götz ◽  
W. Peschke ◽  
J.-P. Lindner ◽  
M. Hause
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Lower Loss

Abstract. Title of the paper: The influence of MHS-genotypes on fattening and carcass Performance traits of purebred Piétrain pigs and PI x DL slaughter pigs at testing station For the comparison of fattening and carcass performance traits as well as the meat quality of different MHSgenotypes, one Pietrain group with 434 and another one of 64 PI x DL animals of both sexes were evaluated. The LSQ-means from an animal model showed in tendency a lower fattening Performance of the stresssusceptible genotypes. Significant differences were found for higher fat layers and fat surfaces and for lower meat surfaces and percentage of lean meat in NP- and NN-genotypes as compared to the PP-animals. The differences between the MHS-genotypes of the PI x DL animals were similar to those of the Pietrain animals. Both Statistical models confirmed a better meat quality already in the NP-genotypes. With respect to lower loss rates, reduction of insufficient meat qualities (PSE, DFD) and a still high proportion of lean meat of the NP- and NN- animals, a selection ofthe Pidtrain race for stress-resistance should be suitable.

The effects of season on health, welfare, and carcass and meat quality of slaughter pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1899-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Čobanović ◽  
Silvana Stajković ◽  
Bojan Blagojević ◽  
Nikola Betić ◽  
Mirjana Dimitrijević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Slaughter Pigs

scholarly journals High Carbon Dioxide Treatment Modulates Sugar Metabolism and Maintains the Quality of Fresh-Cut Pear Fruit

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4261
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Quan Ma ◽  
Tarun Belwal ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Wenxuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of 10% carbon dioxide (CO2) on the fruit quality and sugar metabolism of fresh-cut pear during storage. The results indicated that carbon dioxide treatment maintained fruit quality by delaying the decline of firmness and promoting the accumulation of total soluble solids (TSS). Moreover, carbon dioxide enhanced activities of sucrose synthase (SS), and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). The activities of amylase, acid invertase (AI), neutral invertase (NI), SS-cleavage, fructokinase (FK), hexokinase (HK), sorbitol oxidase (SOX), NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD-SDH), and NADP-SDH in CO2-treated fruit were inhibited. Expression levels of key genes were found to correspond with the related enzyme activities. As a result, the accumulation of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, and sucrose were accelerated by CO2, which were 12.58%, 13.86%, 24.7%, and 13.9% higher than those of the control at the end of storage, respectively. The results showed that CO2 could maintain the quality of fresh-cut pears by regulating the conversion of various sugar components to enhance soluble sugars content.

Meat quality, biosecurity, and animal welfare: consequences of an inefficient inspection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Tatemoto ◽  
Vanessa Louise Santos Oliveira ◽  
David Attuy Vey da Silva ◽  
Marco Túlio Costa Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Technological Defects ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Livestock Systems

In livestock, biosecurity, animal welfare and meat quality have a synergetic effect on the final product. To meet minimal safety and humane production, it is necessary to consider biosecurity risks and procedures to mitigate animal welfare problems. Following guidelines to achieve it, the meat quality improves consequently. Here we tested two parameters regarding the meat quality of beef cattle to understand how the poor inspection affects the quality of the final product. Therefore, 12 samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle were evaluated from different butcheries, using fresh meat recently received by the supplier. There were no sanitary inspection records related to the sampled meat. The results showed a large percentage of PSE (pale, soft, and exudative) and DFD (dark, firm, and dry) meats. Given the pH and color values, it is concluded that the slaughtering was not carried out properly. Hence, technological defects in the meat were observed, making it inappropriate for consumption. We concluded that inefficient pre-slaughter handling is compromising animal welfare, increasing the biosecurity risk, and impairing the quality of the final product. We argue that these problems not only decrease the sustainability of livestock systems, but also compromises human health. Currently, livestock plays an important role in global environmental concerns, such as climate change, land degradation, water pollution and biodiversity loss. Then, it is needed to reduce the waste of such products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document