scholarly journals An Outbreak of Subclinical Mastitis in a Dairy Herd Caused by a Novel Streptococcus canis Sequence Type (ST55)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Cassandra Eibl ◽  
Martina Baumgartner ◽  
Verena Urbantke ◽  
Michael Sigmund ◽  
Katharina Lichtmannsperger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Streptococcus Canis

The present case report provides data on the phenotypic and genotypic properties of S. canis isolated from nine dairy cows with subclinical mastitis (SCC greater than 200,000 cells/mL in the quarter milk sample, no clinical signs) and from a cat living in the barn and reports the eradication of the pathogen from the herd with an automatic milking system. The isolates were identified using conventional bacteriology, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and genetic relationships were investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Udder health management and hygiene instructions comprised the removal of the carnivores from the barn, strict monitoring of milking hygiene and techniques to avoid new infections via the milking robot, with simultaneous therapy for all infected cows. Phenotypic and genotypic properties of all isolates were identical. MLST revealed a unique sequence type (ST55) and a farmyard cat was identified as the most likely source of the S. canis infection in cows. The simultaneous treatment of all infected cows and management and hygiene improvements lead to a decreased SCC within four weeks.

scholarly journals Sanitary practices associated with animal welfare in the control of mastitis in the dairy herd

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e102101724467
Author(s):  
Mirian Yumi Makatu ◽  
Jefferson Filgueira Alcindo ◽  
Gabriela Cortellini Ferreira Ramos ◽  
Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani ◽  
Márcia Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Improved Performance

Agricultural practices are a powerful tool with health management contributing to the improved performance of production of animal welfare. The study aimed to verify that farming practices are important tools in the control of bovine mastitis and the degree of knowledge of the producers with respect to the practices. Guided visits were carried out the rural properties, when they were distributed educational materials and tools, made from recyclable material, used in the management of sanitary practices related to animal welfare. To evaluate the physiological profile were collected biological samples such as: blood, feces and milk, and for assessing the sanity and animal welfare were used a questionnaire. Blind 20 cows were selected for a total of 79 rooms of which breast; 36 rooms were negative to the CMT, but 12 were of these were positive to Staphylococcus and microbiology microorganism of higher occurrence. Animal welfare was compromised by the incidence of Subclinical Mastitis, infestation of flies and the absence of prophylactic measures. It is concluded that the use of good agricultural practices is a suitable tool associated with the animal welfare and important in the identification of bovine mastitis, and a lack of information and knowledge regarding best practices, especially in relation to preventive management.

scholarly journals Effect of including herbal choline in the diet of a dairy herd; a multiyear evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Gutiérrez R., Alfredo Gutiérrez ◽  
Carlos Sánchez ◽  
Germán D. Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Using Data

A linear mixed model and chi-squared tests were used to estimate the effects of the dietary inclusion of herbal choline at 0.071 % of the diet in the entire dairy herd (target dose of 17 g/d in lactating cows) using data from six years in a commercial farm. The feed plant additive (BioCholine) was included in the premix spanning three years (2016-2018) feeding 442 cows average per year and information was compared with the three previous years (2013 – 2015; 424 cows average per year). Energy corrected milk in the period 2016-2018 was increased by 1.57% (p<0.001) compared to years 2013-2016 (36.36 vs. 35.80 kg/d). Fertility in cows during first lactation was improved (P<0.01) with the feed plant additive (45.33 vs. 37.0%). The period feeding herbal choline (2016-2018) showed a reduction (p<0.0001) in abortions (15.65 to 7.29%) and clinical (p<0.005; 12.59 to 6.95%) and subclinical mastitis (p<0.05; 8.65 to 5.22%) and in respiratory disorders (p<0.10; 12.42 to 8.56%) whereas hypocalcaemia incidence was increased (p<0.01) from 1.73 to 6.22%. Total herd replacement was reduced during the years 2016-2018 by 5.73% (p<0.05) without effects in mortality. Inclusion of the plant feed additives containing conjugates of choline improved milk yield, fertility in first lactation cows and important health indicators which help to reduced herd replacement.

scholarly journals Benchmarks and Reports for Dairy Herd Health Management of Grassland Farming in Northern Japan:the Hamanaka Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Ken NAKADA ◽  
Shin OIKAWA ◽  
Isamu TAKAHASHI ◽  
Manabu KUBOTA
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Herd Health

Key issues in dairy herd health management

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
John Remnant ◽  
◽  
James Breen ◽  
Peter Down ◽  
Chris Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Health Target ◽  
Cow Health

Dairy herd health management benefits dairy farmers, the environment, dairy cows and citizens. It is an important part of modern dairy farm veterinary care. Dairy herd health management is assessing, monitoring and improving the health of dairy cows at a population level. Good herd health management takes a holistic approach and is ongoing and cyclical. All members of the dairy farm team and their advisors are involved, decisions are informed by data generated by the herd. These data may come from numerous sources. The data are processed and analysed to monitor cow health, target investigations and evaluate progress. To make lasting change on farms, advisors must communicate appropriately with farm managers to understand behaviour and motivate change. This chapter reviews these aspects of dairy herd health management, giving practical suggestions on how to get started, how to incorporate herd health management into business models and how to maintain momentum.

Reliability of the bulk milk somatic cell count as an indication of average herd somatic cell count

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lievaart ◽  
Herman W Barkema ◽  
Henk Hogeveen ◽  
Wim Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Sampling Variation ◽  
The Difference

Bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) is a frequently used parameter to estimate the subclinical mastitis prevalence in a dairy herd, but it often differs considerably from the average SCC of all individual cows in milk. In this study, first the sampling variation was determined on 53 dairy farms with a BMSCC ranging from 56 000 to 441 000 cells/ml by collecting five samples on each farm of the same bulk tank. The average absolute sampling variation ranged from 1800 to 19 800 cells/ml. To what extent BMSCC represents all lactating cows was evaluated in another 246 farms by comparing BMSCC to the average herd SCC corrected for milk yield (CHSCC), after the difference was corrected for the sampling variation of BMSCC. On average BMSCC was 49 000 cells/ml lower than CHSCC, ranging from −10 000 cells/ml to 182 000 cells/ml, while the difference increased with an increasing BMSCC. Subsequently, management practices associated with existing differences were identified. Farms with a small (<20%) difference between BMSCC and CHSCC administered intramuscular antibiotics for the treatment of clinical mastitis more often, used the high SCC history when cows were dried off more frequently and had a higher number of treatments per clinical mastitis case compared with farms with a large (⩾20%) difference. Farms feeding high-SCC milk or milk with antibiotic residues to calves were 2·4-times more likely to have a large difference. Although sampling variation influences the differences between BMSCC and CHSCC, the remaining difference is still important and should be considered when BMSCC is used to review the average herd SCC and the subclinical mastitis prevalence.

scholarly journals Hyperplastic goiter in two adult dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Bing Ong ◽  
Thomas H. Herdt ◽  
Scott D. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Iodine Excess ◽  
Excessive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Glands

Iodine excess and resultant hyperplastic goiter are well documented in neonatal ruminants, but little is reported on iodine excess in adult ruminants and associated histological changes of the thyroid gland. Two adult Holstein cows from a Michigan dairy herd that had lost several other animals had nonspecific clinical signs of illness and were submitted for necropsy. Thyroid glands of one of these 2 animals were grossly and markedly enlarged, and histologically, thyroid glands from both animals had regions of cystic nodular hyperplasia and follicular atrophy. Thyroid glands from both animals had markedly elevated iodine concentrations. Investigation into the potential source of excessive iodine on the farm revealed multiple sources of supplemental dietary iodine and probable uneven feed and mineral mixing. Based on the findings of this investigation, adult cattle could be susceptible to excessive doses of iodine. Possibility of previous iodine deficiency before supplementation period, with subsequent development and persistence of thyroid hyperplasia and cystic change, cannot be completely excluded. Current findings suggested that iodine excess in adult cattle can result in nodular hyperplastic goiter. Use of iodized salt in mineral supplements in adult dairy herds is common practice, and accidental excessive iodine supplement may be more common than reported. Recognizing gross and histological thyroid gland changes, consisting of concurrent cystic follicular hyperplasia, atrophy, and fibrosis should raise suspicion of iodine excess and/or prior deficiency in a cattle herd, and ancillary tests such as serum iodine measurements should be part of the diagnostic workup in suspected cases.

scholarly journals 73 Managing health during the receiving period

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
John T Richeson
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Early Disease Detection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cattle Health

Abstract Cattle originating from the southeastern United States and received in stocker and feedlot facilities in the southern Great Plains are at increased risk for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and other health disorders because the marketing and relocation process may result in stress-induced immunosuppression, increased respiratory virus transmission, and poor nutritional status. Cattle health directly affects growth performance because stress and the inflammatory response to infection results in tissue catabolism and anorexia. Preconditioning practices at the ranch origin, such as vaccination, castration, weaning, and feed bunk and water tank exposure, can significantly improve health outcome during the receiving period; however, this practice is underutilized, resulting in high-risk, commingled calves entering subsequent production sectors. Antimicrobial metaphylaxis is one of the most effective management strategies to control an anticipated outbreak of BRD in newly received calves, yet antimicrobial use in food animals is under intense scrutiny. Antimicrobial alternatives such as direct-fed microbial products may provide health benefits but uncertainty regarding the route and timing of application, effective dose, and product selection will require further research to improve application. Nutritional stress resulting from reduced feed and water intake before, during, and after relocation and potential trace mineral deficiency upon arrival must be considered in a comprehensive health management program. Finally, detection of BRD or other diseases in large groups of cattle is challenging because of the prey instinct to disguise clinical signs of illness. Technology that continuously monitor individual cattle behavior may provide early disease detection with greater sensitivity and specificity than traditional methods but several barriers to adoption exist. This symposium presentation will outline the multitude of factors to consider in managing cattle health during the receiving period and provide research-based evidence that challenge paradigm regarding health management of newly received cattle.

scholarly journals Feline herpesvirus 1 viral load related to environmental factors in sheltered cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Baumworcel ◽  
Joylson de Jesus Pereira ◽  
Ana Maria Barros Soares ◽  
Guilherme Nunes Souza ◽  
Nadia Regina Pereira Almosny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Environment Stress

ABSTRACT: Shelter environment stress factors are related to FHV-1 viral reactivation. However, comparisons between conjunctival viral load and environmental factors have not been commonly evaluated. The aim of this study was to correlate FHV-1 viral load in domestic cats with and without clinical signs of conjunctivitis to shelter design in order to use FHV-1 viral load as a parameter of “health management”. Cats from four different shelters underwent an ophthalmological examination. Samples were collected by rolling a DNA/RNAse-free cytobrush over the ventral conjunctival fornix and were stored in 1.5 mL sterile microtubes in 500 μL of Eagle’s minimum essential medium and kept at 4 ºC. Molecular procedures were performed up to 48 hours after collection. Different routines regarding new arrivals were directly related to FHV-1 viral load. Shelters where new arrivals occurred on daily basis had the highest viral load (2.69x108 copies/µL), while those shelters where new arrivals had not occurred in the few months prior to the beginning of the study had the lowest rate (1.63x103 copies/µL). Environmental factors directly influenced FHV-1 DNA viral load. This study highlighted the need to improve the management approach in the animal shelter environment to reduce stressful situations responsible for FHV-1 reactivation and higher viral load quantification.

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